inosine pranobex / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: Recent Advances in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment. (PubMed, Ann Indian Acad Neurol) - "Treatment remains challenging, with isoprinosine, interferon-α, ribavirin, and newer agents like favipiravir and aprepitant offering new hope. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic's adverse impact on measles vaccination rates highlights the urgent need for robust measles immunization campaigns. Future directions involve exploring antiviral fusion peptide inhibitors and artificial intelligence-driven diagnostic tools to improve early detection, treatment efficacy, and outcome prediction in SSPE."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Measles • Movement Disorders • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Palliative care • Respiratory Diseases

Issues of treatment and prevention of recurrent inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract: An immunologist's view. A review (PubMed, Ter Arkh) - "The immunomodulator inosine pranobex, due to its unique combined (immunotropic and antiviral) properties, demonstrates effectiveness in the complex treatment of viral respiratory infections, including in combination with herpes viruses, and is successfully used to prevent frequent relapses of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the URT. The domestic analogue of inosine pranobex Normomed® [JSC "Valenta Pharm"», ЛП-№(002470)-(РГ-RU), ЛП-№(005542)-(РГ-RU)], has a good safety and bioequivalence profile, and occupies a worthy field in the Russian pharmaceutical market among drugs recommended for the treatment of viral infections in adults and children."

Journal • Review • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Respiratory Diseases

Contemporary Treatment Practices for Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: A Nationwide Survey Among Adult and Pediatric Neurologists in India. (PubMed, Ann Indian Acad Neurol) - "While SSPE remains a vaccine-preventable illness and the focus should be on prevention through vaccination, there is an unmet urgent need among Indian neurologists for better-defined treatment strategies for patients with SSPE."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Measles • Movement Disorders • Pediatrics

The Rare Case Presentation of Adult-Onset Fulminant Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis in a 24-Year-Old Male. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Despite the absence of a definitive cure for this disorder, a regimen combining intrathecal interferon-α (IFN-α) and daily oral isoprinosine has demonstrated effectiveness...He exhibited progressive weakness, frequent postural instability, and recurrent generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Increased measles antibody concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), prominent amplitude spikes on the electroencephalogram (EEG), and heightened fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) signals on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested a diagnosis of SSPE."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Infectious Disease • Measles • IFNA1

Changes of cellular immunological parameters in patients with psoriasis and activated chronic herpes simplex virus infection during treatment (EADV 2024) - "The phenotyping of lymphocytes in patients with psoriasis and activated HSV 1,2 was characterized by an increase of NK cells (CD16+56+, CD45+; p=0.0151) , cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CD3+CD8+, CD45+; p= 0.0019) , T-helper (CD3+CD4 +, CD45+; p=0.0011) and decreasing activity of their regulatory subpopulation (CD4+, CD25+; p=0.0528) compared to patients with psoriasis. In patients with psoriasis and activated HSV 1,2, the multifactorial relationship between the number of CD19+, CD45+-lymphocytes, CD3+CD8+, CD45+- lymphocytes, and CD3+HLA+-lymphocytes has been detected. The antiviral treatment on the background of basic therapy caused a decrease in the number of T-helpers (p=0.0518) , increased activity of T-lymphocytes (p=0.0251) and regulatory cells (p=0.0365) in mild HSV 1,2 using inosine pranobex in patients with psoriasis, and a decrease of NK-cells (p=0.0412) and increasing activity of regulatory lymphocytes (p=0.0351) in moderate and severe HSV 1,2 in patients with..."

Clinical • Dermatology • Herpes Simplex • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Psoriasis • CD8 • IL2RA • ISG20 • PTPRC

A Rare Case of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis in an Immunized Patient. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Treatment included isoprinosine, lamivudine, and intrathecal interferon-alpha for symptom management and disease progression...The patient showed partial improvement post-treatment and was discharged for follow-up. By reporting this case, we would like to emphasize clinical judgment, early detection of the symptoms, and lateral thinking to diagnose fatal conditions such as post-measles SSPE, even in fully immunized patients."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Measles

An examination of the effectiveness of the expired drug isoprinosine in preventing aluminum corrosion in alkaline solutions using both computational and experimental techniques. (PubMed, RSC Adv) - "Furthermore, molecular dynamic was simulated to explore the corrosion inhibition efficiency and mechanism of inhibition. The computational results are in the same agreement with experimental results, showing that isoprinosine can inhibit the corrosion of aluminum in 0.5 M NaOH."

Journal

A Rare Case of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis Presenting as Generalized Seizure (AAN 2024) - "Although a combination of intrathecal interferon alpha (IFN-α) and daily oral isoprinosine has been reported to have a good outcome, there is no cure for this condition...On exploration of his history, he had measles at the age of two months, and he had received measles vaccine at nine months as per the national immunization schedule...Not applicable"

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Infectious Disease • Measles • Urinary Incontinence • Urology • IFNA1

Isoprinosine as a foot-and-mouth disease vaccine adjuvant elicits robust host defense against viral infection through immunomodulation. (PubMed, Front Cell Infect Microbiol) - "We also elucidated that isoprinosine induces innate and adaptive (cellular and humoral) immunity via promoting the expression of immunoregulatory gene such as pattern recognition receptors [PRRs; retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG)-I and toll like receptor (TLR)9], transcription factors [T-box transcription factor (TBX)21, eomesodermin (EOMES), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB)], cytokines [interleukin (IL)-12p40, IL-23p19, IL-23R, and IL-17A)], and immune cell core receptors [cluster of differentiation (CD)80, CD86, CD28, CD19, CD21, and CD81] in pigs. These findings present an attractive strategy for constructing novel FMD vaccines and other difficult-to-control livestock virus vaccine formulations based on isoprinosine induced immunomodulatory functions."

Immunomodulating • IO biomarker • Journal • Immunology • Infectious Disease • CD21 • CD81 • CD86 • IL17A • TBX21

Vaccine Associated Measles Complicated by Suspected Measles Inclusion Body Encephalitis in a Pediatric Leukemia Patient and Stem Cell Transplant Recipient: A Focus on Clinical Evolution and Management. (PubMed, Pediatr Infect Dis J) - "She was treated with intravenous ribavirin, inosine pranobex, intrathecal interferon-alpha and donor lymphocyte infusion following measles-mumps-rubella vaccine boost. Despite these measures, the patient suffered neurologic decline and dysautonomia, expiring after compassionate extubation. Management and ideal risk mitigation strategies are discussed within the context of existing literature for this rare complication."

Journal • Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Bone Marrow Transplantation • CNS Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Infectious Disease • Leukemia • Measles • Mumps • Oncology • Pediatrics • Rubella • Transplantation

Patients With Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis in Japan: A 2022 Nationwide Survey. (PubMed, Pediatr Infect Dis J) - "Decreased measles cases in Japan reduced new SSPE cases. However, surviving patients in 2022 had advanced disease stages and needed medical care. Male sex and early measles infection were significantly associated with disease progression."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Measles

Mortality of hospitalized patients with COVID-19: Effects of treatment options (vitamin D, anticoagulation, isoprinosine, ivermectin) assessed by propensity score matching, retrospective analysis. (PubMed, Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repu) - "Prophylactic-dose anticoagulation treatment in our study was found to be beneficial in comparison with the full dose. Supplementation with vitamin D did not show any meaningful benefit in terms of lowering the hospital mortality. Neither ivermectin nor, isoprinosine was found to significantly decrease hospital mortality."

Journal • Retrospective data • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Histomorphometric evaluation of melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) and CD3 T cells of two morphs of brown trout (Salmo trutta) fed diets with immunostimulants. (PubMed, Fish Shellfish Immunol) - "The current study assessed the effects of two dietary immunostimulants: Bioimmuno (4% inosine pranobex and 96% β-glucan) and Focus Plus (commercial preparation by Biomar, Denmark) on two morphs of the brown trout - the river trout (S...When studying all groups jointly within each morph, there was a significant difference in terms of maintained CD3 T cells levels, as sea trouts showed significantly higher tissue areas occupied by these cells than river trouts, both in the pyloric caeca and hepatic parenchyma. The study revealed that feeding with a diet enriched with Bioimmuno for 2 weeks may be a favorable enhancement of rearing protocols of brown trout stocks prior to their release, but more studies need to be conducted to test the possibility of an even shorter feeding period."

Journal • Melanoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Post Hand Foot and Mouth Disease Onychomadesis and Green Nail (WCD 2023) - "Treated with isoprinosine, paracetamol, and multivitamins, the skin and oral lesions resolved after 2 weeks...Unnecessary overtreatment should be avoided and it is important to reassure the patient’s parents. No active intervention is required as nail changes tend to resolve spontaneously within 1 2 months"

Dental Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Mood Disorders • Stomatitis

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis - upcoming changes of phenotype over the last decade (EPNS 2023) - "The treatment included ASM, corticosteroids, IVIG, isoprinosine, ribavirin, and interferon-alpha... Scheduled measles vaccination of children contributed to decreasing frequency but not eradicating SSPE. The reason is that the children suffered from measles before the planned vaccination. In aiming to eliminate SSPE, weaning of vaccine-derived immunity, and re-vaccination of girls at fertile age are recommended."

CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Infectious Disease • Measles • Movement Disorders

Clinical cases of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: general clinical symptoms and preventive interventions. (EPNS 2023) - "A stable persistent state is the result of a balance between virus replication and the host's immune response: -Factors related to the host. The reason why VC is not eliminated after acute infection may be temporary immunosuppression caused by VC. -Factors related to the virus."

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Measles • Movement Disorders

The problem of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in Kazakhstan (EPNS 2023) - "Treatment - all 100% received antiviral therapy - isoprinosine, hormonal pulse-therapy, immunoglobulins, anticonvulsants, clonazepam. All children with SSPE had measles before 1 year old. The diagnosis set on the basis of only 2 criteria. It is difficult to diagnosis in the early stages of the disease."

CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Infectious Disease • Measles • Movement Disorders

A Never Ending Story: Two Cases of SSPE presented with Focal Dystonia (EPNS 2023) - "Isoprinosine, carbamazepine and valproic acid therapies were started for both. While patients could be diagnosed earlier with typical clinical presentations such as myoclonic jerks, cognitive impairment, and seizures, diagnosis is difficult in patients presenting with focal isolated findings such as focal dystonia. Since, this situation causes delay in diagnosis and treatment of patients, we wanted to emphasis focal findings of SSPE in this article."

Clinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Dystonia • Epilepsy • Infectious Disease • Measles • Movement Disorders

Disease-Modifying Therapy in Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: An Area of Darkness. (PubMed, Ann Indian Acad Neurol) - "Oral therapies such as isoprinosine and ribavirin are expensive and not readily available in resource-constrained settings. Most of the evidence so far favors the use of combinational regimens. In this viewpoint, we critically summarize the current evidence on disease-modifying strategies in the context of our region."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease

Factors Contributing to Chronic Kidney Disease following COVID-19 Diagnosis in Pre-Vaccinated Hospitalized Patients. (PubMed, Vaccines (Basel)) - "The patients who received the antiviral agent combination isoprinosine + oseltamivir + ivermectin fared better (100%) as compared to those who received isoprinosine + favipiravir (8%)...Interestingly, the patients who received levofloxacin + ceftriaxone and the patients without sepsis fared the best. Overall, patients who develop CKD following COVID-19 hospitalization have a low survival rate."

Journal • Chronic Kidney Disease • Critical care • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Renal Disease • Septic Shock

Effect of Immunomodulation in Turkeys Infected with Haemorrhagic Enteritis Virus on the Percentage of CD4 and CD8α T Lymphocyte Subpopulations Synthesising IFN-γ. (PubMed, J Vet Res) - "The immunomodulators were synthetic methisoprinol and a natural preparation containing 34.2% β-glucans (β-1,3/1,6) and 12% mannan oligosaccharides (MOS)...A similar effect was obtained in turkeys that received the natural immunomodulator. The evaluated immunomodulators may be used to attenuate the effects of immunosuppression in HEV-infected turkeys."

Immunomodulating • Journal • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immune Modulation • Immunology • Infectious Disease • CD4 • IFNG

Place of magistral preparations in order to continue the treatment if the drug is commercially stopped worldwide? A case report of 10-years-old child with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) requiring inosiplex. (PubMed, Emerg Microbes Infect) - "Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a late-onset and fatal viral disease caused by persistent infection of the central nervous system by measles virus (MeV). We present the case of a 10-year-old child from South Asia affected by SSPE, stabilized with a combination of intrathecal interferon-α2b (INF-α2b) injections and oral inosiplex and how we continued the treatment when inosiplex was commercially stopped worldwide."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease

Efficacy and Safety of Inosine Pranobex in COVID-19 Patients: A Multicenter Phase 3 Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. (PubMed, Adv Ther (Weinh)) - "Based on these findings and the fact that IP increases natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity of virus-infected cells as an early immune response to viral infection and enhances NKG2D ligand expression, it is concluded that IP should be started early to maximize the benefit in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients. (Trial registration number: CTRI/2021/02/030892)."

Journal • P3 data • Immune Modulation • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases • NKG2D

A Comprehensive Investigation of the Current Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE) Treatment Options to Improve Patient Quality of Life. (PubMed, Cureus) - "The goal was to identify possible patterns or trends among the treatments in order to find the best possible method to lengthen a patient's life. The results indicated that interferon alpha, inosine pranobex, and ribavirin display the most effective treatment plan and indicate the most potential in discovering a more effective therapeutic for SSPE."

HEOR • Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Rare Diseases

The effect and mechanism of dl-3-n-butylphthalide on angiogenesis in a rat model of chronic myocardial ischemia. (PubMed, Am J Transl Res) - "NBP treatment promotes VEGF and HIF-1α protein expression during myocardial ischemia, which may represent useful biomarkers for coronary collateral establishment and offer potential targets for therapeutic induction of angiogenesis in patients with CMI."

Journal • Preclinical • Cardiovascular • Myocardial Ischemia • HIF1A