norfloxacin / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

High-Capacity Norfloxacin Capture by CMC/MIL-125(Ti)-NH2: One-Pot Synthesis, Performance, and Synergistic Mechanisms. (PubMed, ACS Appl Mater Interfaces) - "Combined density functional theory (DFT)/Multiwfn analyses deciphered synergistic adsorption mechanisms governed by electrostatic forces, π-π stacking, multihydrogen bonding, and van der Waals forces. This study delivers a high-performance and sustainable adsorbent for the remediation of antibiotic-contaminated wastewater."

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Synthesis of a Stimulus-Sensitive Copolymer with Response to Temperature and pH in Silicone Catheters. (PubMed, Polymers (Basel)) - "Mechanical tests were performed to conduct a systematic analysis relating to the grafting percentage and the ratio between grafted polymers and Young's modulus. Finally, the loading and release capacity of norfloxacin in the modified catheters was evaluated."

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Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from healthy chicken droppings. (PubMed, PLoS One) - "The high prevalence of multidrug-resistant E. coli in broiler chickens underscores the urgent need for stricter antibiotic stewardship in poultry farming. The findings support Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3 (Good Health and Well-being), 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and 15 (Life on Land) by promoting antimicrobial surveillance and sustainable livestock management."

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Prussian blue nanoparticles-based dual-mode immunochromatographic assays for norfloxacin detection in animal-derived foods. (PubMed, Food Chem X) - "The results showed strong correlation with those obtained by HPLC, with R2 values of 0.9653 and 0.9715, respectively. Therefore, this study established a sensitive, accurate, rapid and cost-effective method for detecting NOR in animal-derived foods."

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Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in China's aquatic environments: A decadal update (2013-2022). (PubMed, J Hazard Mater) - "Ecological risk assessments identified nine PPCPs as high-risk pollutants: norfloxacin, roxithromycin, erythromycin, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, ibuprofen, caffeine, carbamazepine, and diethyltoluamide. Joint probability curves indicated that oxytetracycline, ibuprofen, carbamazepine, erythromycin, caffeine, and tetracycline posed low to high risk to aquatic ecosystems, with maximum risk levels ranging from 1.14 % to 10.8 %. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the occurrence, influencing factors, and ecological risks associated with PPCPs in China over the past decade, offering a scientific basis for developing strategies to control PPCP pollution and mitigate associated risks."

Journal • Review

Design and synthesis of α-cyclodextrin/carboxymethyl chitosan-based hydrogel for multipollutant adsorption. (PubMed, Carbohydr Polym) - "Performance tests showed that the material exhibited rapid adsorption kinetics (t ≤ 150 min) for a wide range of pollutants including antibiotics, dyes and heavy metal ions in a complex aqueous environment (pH 3-9), and the adsorption of norfloxacin (NOR), tetracycline hydrochloride (TC), procaine (Pr), methylene blue (MB), Mn(II) and Cu(II) followed the Langmuir model. In addition, ADS-Gel-1 maintained the removal rate above 49.06 % in five reusable cycles. It provides a novel functional material design strategy for environmental remediation."

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Antimicrobial Resistance of Acinetobacter Species and Pseudomonas Species in a Tertiary Care Center in Gandaki Province, Nepal. (PubMed, J Nepal Health Res Counc) - "The study underscores alarming levels of antimicrobial resistance in Acinetobacter species and Pseudomonas species. Acinetobacter species demonstrated higher resistance to most antibiotics compared to Pseudomonas species. The variation in resistance patterns across sample types highlights the need of infection site and pathogen-specific antibiotic stewardship strategies."

Journal • Retrospective data • Infectious Disease

Carbapenemase Producing Multi Drug Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from a Referral Hospital in Nepal. (PubMed, J Nepal Health Res Counc) - "The study underscores alarming levels of antimicrobial resistance in Acinetobacter species and Pseudomonas species. Acinetobacter species demonstrated higher resistance to most antibiotics compared to Pseudomonas species. The variation in resistance patterns across sample types highlights the need of infection site and pathogen-specific antibiotic stewardship strategies."

Journal • Retrospective data • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia

Enrichment of vitamin B12-producing Porphyrobacter in the phycosphere microbiome promotes microalgal stress adaptation to antibiotic exposure. (PubMed, Microbiome) - "Collectively, our findings establish stress-induced enrichment of B12-producing Porphyrobacter within the phycosphere microbiome as a pivotal mechanism underlying microalgal antibiotic adaptation. This insight facilitates the rational development of microalgae-microbiome systems for enhanced wastewater treatment and sustainable bioproduction, with applications in aquatic feed supplementation, biofuel production, and biofertilizer development. Video Abstract."

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Evaluation of the Activity of Amino Chalcone Against Staphylococcus Strains Harboring Efflux Pumps. (PubMed, Pharmaceuticals (Basel)) - "ADMET data indicated high intestinal absorption (88.76%) and permeability (Papp = 1.38 × 10-5 cm/s). CMA4DMA effectively restored norfloxacin susceptibility in resistant S. aureus strains, highlighting its potential as a promising scaffold for developing novel efflux pump inhibitors and antibiotic adjuvants."

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A 1D [Ni(L)(H2O)3]n·nH2O Coordination Polymer as a Dual Function Material for Antibiotic Detection and Dye Photo-Degradation. (PubMed, Molecules) - "In addition, complex 1 can be used for the electrochemical detection of norfloxacin (NOR) by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), exhibiting a linear response in the concentration range of 2-197 μM and the detection limit (LOD) of 1.74 μM. These results demonstrate that complex 1 has bifunctional properties of photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes and electrochemical sensing of antibiotic NOR, making it a promising candidate material for the synergistic treatment of complex pollutants."

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Integrated in Vitro, in Vivo, Molecular Docking, and ADMET in Silico Assessment of β-Caryophyllene as a NorA Efflux Pump inhibitor in Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA). (PubMed, Curr Microbiol) - "For this purpose, in in vitro assays, the terpene was combined at a sub-inhibitory concentration with norfloxacin or ethidium bromide...ADMET property predictions demonstrated good intestinal absorption, absence of interaction with cytochrome P450 enzymes, and low hepatic toxicity; however, potential immunotoxicity and adverse effects on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) were observed. Therefore, β-caryophyllene emerged as a promising candidate for inhibiting the NorA efflux pump."

Journal • Preclinical

Antibiotic Concentrations in Aquatic Environments of the African Continent: A Systematic Review and Predicted No-Effect Concentration (PNEC) Assessment. (PubMed, Environ Health Insights) - "Twenty-six antibiotics from various classes were identified, with sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim being the most frequently detected...Wastewater had the highest concentrations, with norfloxacin levels reaching up to 433.0000 µg/L, while drinking water had the lowest concentrations...The presence and levels of some antibiotics exceeding the PNEC thresholds raises concerns because they can foster the development and spread of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic-polluted groundwater and drinking water highlight the urgent need for robust water management and treatment optimization to safeguard human health."

Journal • Review

Valorization of agricultural waste via pyrolysis: predictive design of biochars for antibiotic removal by linking temperature to DOM/ROS pathways. (PubMed, Bioresour Technol) - "This study evaluated fourteen agricultural waste-derived biochars (pyrolyzed at 300-800 °C) for removing sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and norfloxacin (NOR)...Mechanistic investigations confirmed that high-temperature biochars (e.g., rice straw at 800 °C) primarily employ reactive oxygen species (O2- for NOR, OH for SMX), while low-temperature biochars (e.g., peanut shell at 400 °C) rely on dissolved organic matter and O2- pathways. This property-based framework enables rational biomass selection and thermochemical conditions for targeted sustainable waste valorization and precision remediation."

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A strategy to prevent ciprofloxacin induced corneal toxicity. (PubMed, Eur J Pharm Biopharm) - "Through in vitro and ex vivo models we show that some structurally similar fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin and ofloxacin) can successfully inhibit the nucleation of ciprofloxacin. In contrast, other fluoroquinolones like norfloxacin can promote the formation of a less soluble ciprofloxacin-norfloxacin complex, increasing the risk of corneal deposition...These findings identify both beneficial and counterproductive formulation components and define a practical anticrystal engineering strategy to prevent ciprofloxacin-induced ocular precipitation. We anticipate that this study may inspire further work designing nucleation inhibitors for transient, high supersaturation conditions such as those seen regularly during drug delivery."

Journal • Ophthalmology

Dual-mode sensing by cobalt oxyhydroxide nanosheets for antibiotics. (PubMed, Nanoscale) - "A fluorescence quenching effect was observed owing to the inner filter effects (IFEs), showing a noticeable change in the blue coloration through interaction with fluoroquinolones (ofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin). These sensors provide a practical and user-friendly tool for rapid antibiotic screening, which can be completed within minutes. The proposed system offers a promising strategy for environmental and pharmaceutical monitoring, using CoOOH nanosheets as versatile components for sensor development."

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Validation method for determining the concentration of norfloxacin-tylosin combination in broiler chicken tissue using high-performance liquid chromatography. (PubMed, Open Vet J) - "Tylosin levels in liver, kidney, and muscle were 1.72, 1.15, and 1.51 μg/ml, while norfloxacin had limit of quantification values of 5.24, 17.01, and 4.98 μg/ml. According to the European Medicines Agency Guideline, the mixed solution of norfloxacin and tylosin demonstrated favourable outcomes regarding sensitivity, specificity, linearity, accuracy, and precision."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Comprehensive Profiling of Quinolone Antibiotics in the Bohai Sea: Occurrence, Source Apportionment, and Environmental Risks. (PubMed, Environ Pollut) - "Ecological risk assessment showed that ofloxacin and norfloxacin pose high risks to algae (total risk quotient, RQT > 1), while enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin may promote antibiotic resistance in hotspots such as Laizhou Bay. Although QN levels have declined compared to those in previous studies, ecological and resistance risks remain, highlighting the need for continuous monitoring and improved source control in coastal environments."

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Printable Carbon Black/Graphite Conductive Ink toward Electrochemical Determination of Norfloxacin in Environmental Samples. (PubMed, ACS Omega) - "Furthermore, its application in real river water samples provided recovery values between 83.9 and 103.3%. The sensor proved suitable and stable for NOR determination in environmental samples."

Journal • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Infectious Disease • Nephrology

A Highly Drug-Resistant Salmonella Enterica Serovar Weltevreden of Human Origin from India and Detection of its Virulence Factors. (PubMed, Indian J Microbiol) - "ampicillin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, cefepime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, gentamicin, kanamycin, meropenem, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, norfloxacin, trimethoprim. Although, this study reports a single case of extensively drug-resistant NTS serovar, the possibility of more such serovars circulating in the community cannot be ruled out. Hence, there is an urgent need to implement effective antibiogram surveillance among NTS to detect such serovars and to formulate effective policies regarding antibiotic usage."

Journal • Review • Infectious Disease

Comparative Effectiveness of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, Ciprofloxacin, and Norfloxacin for Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Prophylaxis in Cirrhosis: A TriNetX Network Analysis (ACG 2025) - "After propensity matching, TMP-SMX was associated with significantly lower incidence of SBP (3.9% vs. 6.3%; OR 0.61, 95% CI: 0.58-0.65, p-value < 0.001) and mortality (17.6% vs. 25.5%; OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.61-0.64, p-value < 0.001) in comparison to ciprofloxacin."

HEOR • Fibrosis • Hepatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases • Septic Shock

Virtual Screening of FDA-Approved Drugs on Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH) to Obtain New Trypanocidal Agents. (PubMed, Med Chem) - "Seven FDA-approved drugs are candidates for further studies leading to the development of potential new treatments for Chagas disease."

FDA event • Journal • Oncology • GAPDH

Broccoli to the Lab: Green-Synthesized N-CQDs for Ultrasensitive "Turn-On" Detection of Norfloxacin in Food. (PubMed, Sensors (Basel)) - "Finally, the practical applicability of the developed sensor was validated by detecting NFX in spiked broccoli extract and milk samples, with recovery rates ranging from 98.2% to 100.1% and relative standard deviations of less than 2.0%. This work presents a sustainable and efficient N-CQD-based fluorescent sensing platform, offering significant potential for rapid and reliable detection of NFX in food safety and environmental monitoring."

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Logic-operated ratiometric fluorescent probe and smartphone sensor array for multiplexed fluoroquinolone detection. (PubMed, Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc) - "The residues of widely used fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs), including danofloxacin (DNX), enrofloxacin (ENR), norfloxacin (NFX), and pefloxacin (PEF), may accumulate in humans through contaminated water/food, posing health risks...The detection limits for DNX, ENR, NFX, and PEF were 3.69 nM, 6.56 nM, 8.70 nM, and 4.72 nM, respectively. Furthermore, by integrating this ratio fluorescent probe with the color recognition software on a smartphone, visual semi-quantitative detection of FQs was successfully realized."

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Hierarchical MOF@MOF ratiometric fluorescent probe for ultrasensitive on-site detection of norfloxacin in food and environmental samples. (PubMed, Mikrochim Acta) - "Validated in milk, soil, and water, it showed excellent accuracy (98-102% recovery) and precision (RSD < 2.86%). This MOF@MOF strategy offers a robust on-site screening tool and a versatile design paradigm for food safety and environmental monitoring."

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