norfloxacin / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Phenotypic antimicrobial resistance associated with different bla genotypes and their combinations in Enterobacterales. (PubMed, Ceylon Med J) - "In conclusion, this study showed that Enterobacterales with different bla gene combinations manifest variations in phenotypic resistance to both β-lactam and non-β-lactam antibiotics."

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PROPHYLACTIC ANTIBIOTIC REGIMENS VERSUS PLACEBO OR NO PROPHYLAXIS IN HOSPITALISED PATIENTS WITH DECOMPENSATED CIRRHOSIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS (UEGW 2026) - "Prophylactic antibiotics, predominantly norfloxacin-class fluoroquinolones and systemic cephalosporins, significantly reduce short-term mortality and bacterial infection rates in hospitalised patients with decompensated cirrhosis without overt infection. Rifaximin did not demonstrate a mortality benefit in the available high-quality trial. These findings support the routine use of prophylactic fluoroquinolones or cephalosporins in this setting while underscoring the need for further trials to clarify the role of rifaximin and TMP-SMX, and to monitor the emergence of antimicrobial resistance."

Retrospective data • Review • Acute Kidney Injury • CNS Disorders • Fibrosis • Hepatic Encephalopathy • Hepatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Renal Disease

ALTERATION OF SMALL AND LARGE BOWEL MICROBIAL SIGNATURES FOLLOWING FECAL MICROBIOTA TRANSPLANTATION (FMT) FOR IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME WITH GUT -BRAIN AXIS FEATURES: OBSERVATIONS USING A SMALL INTESTINAL CAPSULE PROTOCOL (UEGW 2026) - P | "Antimicrobials included vancomycin 250 mg tid in liquid form, nitazoxanide 500 mg bid, norfloxacin 400 mg bid, rifaximin 550 mg bid and nystatin 2M units bid. In this exploratory usage of SIMBA capsules to assess the biology of IBS, differentiation of small bowel vs colonic changes may help assess the role of specific microbial compositions at different sites and enable correlations between microbes and clinical findings to better understand the pathogenesis of IBS."

Clinical • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Infectious Disease • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Transplantation • KIT

A Comprehensive Study of a New Norfloxacin-Niflumate Hydrate: Structural and Physicochemical Properties, Antibiotic Potency, Anti-Inflammatory Effect, and Drug Safety. (PubMed, Molecules) - "The results demonstrated that a newly formed antibiotic-anti-inflammatory multicomponent system, named norfloxacin-niflumate (NORNIF), in a salt dihydrate form, significantly improved the stability and antibiotic potency of NOR, including against the resistant microbe, as well as the solubility and in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of NIF simultaneously. In addition, preliminary in silico studies using Swiss-ADME and ProTox-3 predicted that the salt was well absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and could be classified as toxicity class 4 (non-toxic)."

Journal • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Infectious Disease • Inflammation

Global Research Trends in Cirrhosis-Associated Infections: A Bibliometric Analysis of Emerging Themes in Antimicrobial Resistance (ACG 2026) - "Keyword co-occurrence analysis identified five thematic clusters: (1) sepsis, bacteremia, and antimicrobial resistance; (2) microbiome-related mechanisms including bacterial translocation and dysbiosis; (3) cirrhosis complications, particularly ascites and SBP; (4) prophylactic and therapeutic strategies including rifaximin and norfloxacin; and (5) advanced liver disease complications including hepatorenal syndrome and liver transplantation. A total of 2,233 publications met inclusion criteria. Annual output increased steadily, peaking in 2021 (151 publications). The United States, China, Spain, Italy, and Germany were major contributors, while high-burden regions including parts of Africa and the Middle East remained underrepresented."

Clinical • Fibrosis • Gastroenterology • Hepatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Renal Disease • Septic Shock

Localized Multidrug-Resistant Morganella morganii Urinary Tract Infection in a Dapagliflozin-Treated Man with Bladder Outlet Obstruction and Incomplete Ureteral Duplication: A Case Report. (PubMed, Reports (MDPI)) - "Antimicrobial susceptibility (VITEK® 2 Compact, EUCAST v14.0, 2024) demonstrated resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, ampicillin-sulbactam, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, gentamicin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, with susceptibility (S) retained only to piperacillin-tazobactam, levofloxacin/norfloxacin, cefepime and carbapenems (ertapenem, meropenem)...Transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P) was performed 18 days after completing antibiotics (28 days after presentation) for bladder outlet obstruction refractory to tamsulosin 0.4 mg daily, with complete resolution of symptoms, normalization of inflammatory markers and PVR 0 mL...The narrative is hypothesis-generating; urinary stasis was the dominant modifiable factor. Culture-guided therapy, individualized decisions on SGLT2 continuation, and definitive correction of outlet obstruction are the practical takeaways."

Journal • Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia • Cardiovascular • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Pain • Urology

Selective adsorption of fluoroquinolones by a chemically modified β-cyclodextrin composite: Combined contributions of hydrophobic cavity and functional groups. (PubMed, Environ Res) - "Batch adsorption experiments showed that CA/β-CD-P(AM-SSS) had an excellent adsorption performance for representative fluoroquinolone antibiotic norfloxacin (NOR), with maximum adsorption capacity of 733 mg/g at 298 K, much higher than unmodified crosslinked β-cyclodextrin (CA/β-CD)...In addition, hydrogen bonding and π-π conjugation also participated in the adsorption process. This study provides an effective strategy for the design of fluoroquinolone selective adsorption materials based on hydrophobic cavity-functional group dual binding sites and a valuable guidance for the elimination of fluoroquinolones in wastewater treatment field."

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PDA/Au@Pt-mediated "on-off-on" model for colorimetric and smartphone-assisted visual sequential detection of cysteine and norfloxacin. (PubMed, Anal Methods) - "Moreover, integration with a smartphone-based optical readout platform enables portable and on-site visual detection of the target analytes. This study not only provides an efficient platform for the rapid and accurate monitoring of Cys and NOR in complex matrices but also establishes a generalizable framework for developing intelligent and multi-analyte colorimetric sensing strategies."

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Characterization of the Chicken-Derived Riemerella anatipestifer Strains in Beijing and Fujian Provinces, China. (PubMed, Transbound Emerg Dis) - "All the 12 strains exhibited high rates of resistance to amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, norfloxacin, and polymyxin B and low virulence to healthy chicks and ducklings. Colinearity analysis revealed that the gene arrangements of the genomes RA-FJ-C1, RA-FJ-C4, and RA-BJ-C1 were more similar to those of the Yb2 and JN1 strains, while it differed significantly from that of S63 and HXb2 strains. These findings provide a supplement to the limited study of R. anatipestifer from chicken; enhance our understanding of its prevalent serotype, drug resistance, and pathogenicity; and provide scientific foundation for the treatment and control of the disease."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Depression • Infectious Disease • Psychiatry

Overriding Surface Area Limitation: Mesopore-Driven Norfloxacin Adsorption on High-Temperature P-Doped Biochar. (PubMed, Materials (Basel)) - "Optimal adsorption occurred at pH 5-9, while coexisting anions had a mild inhibitory effect. These findings demonstrate that high-temperature P-doping offers a strategy to rebalance pore architecture and surface functionality rather than simply maximizing specific surface area for efficient antibiotic removal from wastewater."

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Kurarinone and sophoraflavanone G from Sophora flavescens suppress Streptococcus agalactiae biofilm via dual antibiofilm mechanisms involving adhesion protein binding and ABC transporter pathway perturbation. (PubMed, Front Microbiol) - "Kurarinone and sophoraflavanone G exhibited potent antibacterial activity against S. agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, and Staphylococcus aureus, with MIC₉₀ values of 3.12 μg/mL against S. agalactiae, superior to norfloxacin (6.25 μg/mL)...In a mouse mastitis model, intragastric administration of both compounds significantly ameliorated mammary tissue histopathology, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8), and decreased myeloperoxidase activity, with favorable safety profiles (LD₅₀ > 2000 mg/kg). These findings suggest that adhesion proteins and the ABC transporter pathway represent potential dual targets against S. agalactiae biofilms, and position kurarinone and sophoraflavanone G as promising leads for antibiofilm drug development targeting biofilm-associated bovine mastitis."

Journal • CXCL8 • IL1B • IL6 • MPO • TNFA

First Report and Integrated Characterization of Aeromonas veronii Associated with the Protected Fish Diptychus maculatus in Xinjiang, China. (PubMed, Animals (Basel)) - "The isolates were susceptible to enrofloxacin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and florfenicol. Intermediate responses were observed for ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, whereas resistance was detected against norfloxacin, neomycin, penicillin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, and erythromycin. In vitro biofilm assays demonstrated weak to moderate biofilm-forming capacity among isolates. These findings provide baseline data for wildlife microbial surveillance and conservation-oriented monitoring of protected fish populations, supporting future investigations into environmental monitoring, genomic characterization, and host-microbe interactions."

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Analysis by microscale affinity chromatography of humic acid interactions with pharmaceutical micropollutants. (PubMed, J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci) - "Leonardite humic acid is used as a model for natural humic acid and is examined for its binding with three antibiotics (i.e., ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and tetracycline) as well as carbamazepine, a common marker for drugs as environmental contaminants. The results are used to illustrate how microscale affinity columns can be used in examining and comparing biochemical interactions with complex binding agents (e.g., Leonardite versus Aldrich humic acid). The results also provide valuable information on binding by the model drugs with humic acids, as can be used to determine how such interactions affect the bioavailability and behavior of these and related contaminants in the environment."

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Hydrophobicity-induced self-assembly of nano-tipped dendritic gold SERS substrates for machine-learning-assisted sensitive antibiotic sensing. (PubMed, Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc) - "It also discriminates mixtures of norfloxacin and oxytetracycline at 10 μg L-1 via machine-learning-assisted spectral classification, and detecting antibiotic residues down to 1 μg L-1 in river water. Overall, this work offers a simple, cost-effective, and ultrasensitive SERS substrate strategy, providing a practical tool for environmental monitoring, water safety assessment, and biomedical diagnostics."

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Comparison of Clostridioides difficile Infection Incidence in Cirrhotic Patients Receiving Secondary Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Prophylaxis With Ciprofloxacin vs. Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole. (PubMed, Gastroenterology Res) - "Ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) are two widely used alternatives to norfloxacin, especially in regions where norfloxacin is not available. However, low event rates resulted in wide confidence intervals, limiting precision and precluding conclusions regarding comparative effectiveness or equivalence. Larger studies are warranted to validate these observations."

Journal • Fibrosis • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Liver Cirrhosis

Levofloxacin-associated tendon disorders: Sex-, age-, and route-specific disproportionality analysis using FAERS and JADER. (PubMed, PLoS One) - "Five agents-ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin-were analyzed for "Muscle, tendon and ligament injuries" and "Tendon disorders." All fluoroquinolones showed positive signals in the FAERS, whereas only levofloxacin demonstrated consistent and robust associations in the Japanese subset of the FAERS and the JADER. Levofloxacin exhibited the most consistent and robust association with tendon disorders, especially in males aged ≥70 years in Japan. Therefore, clinicians in Japan should exercise caution when prescribing levofloxacin to older male patients."

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Detection and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae and Proteus spp. associated with gastrointestinal disease in rescued hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus). (PubMed, Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis) - "isolates were susceptible to cefotaxime, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, aztreonam, cefoxitin, ceftazidime and fosfomycin. However, resistance was observed to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ampicillin, ertapenem, meropenem, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, cefuroxime, piperacillin-tazobactam, colistin and nitrofurantoin, with the latter two showing resistance in all Proteus spp...from hedgehog samples may display relevant antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns. Therefore, continuous bacteriological monitoring and antimicrobial susceptibility testing are important in wildlife rehabilitation settings to guide treatment decisions and support One Health surveillance."

Journal • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Infectious Disease

Bimetallic coupling in dual oxidant centres for the efficient removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater: insights into the reaction mechanism. (PubMed, RSC Adv) - "The widespread occurrence of pharmaceutical contaminants such as carbamazepine (CBZ) and norfloxacin (NFC) in aquatic ecosystems poses significant ecological hazards due to their persistence and bioactivity. Acute toxicity assessment showed a high EC50 for the catalyst and a significant reduction in ecotoxicological risk after treatment of the EPs, confirming the catalyst's safety and the effective detoxification of the transformation products. The results highlight the potential of the Ce/Pd/ZY catalyst as a robust and sustainable catalyst for the advanced treatment of pharmaceutical-contaminated wastewater."

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Amphiphilic polymer-mediated host-guest structure combined with layer-by-layer assembly: MOF-derived hollow biomimetic fluorescent sensor with dual encoding for aqueous phase dual recognition of norfloxacin. (PubMed, J Hazard Mater) - "Moreover, the unique hollow structure facilitated mass transfer, thereby reducing the detection time to 8 min. This work provides a pioneering and effective strategy for dual-encoded imprinted fluorescent microspheres and high-performance chemical sensing of food contaminants."

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Trophic magnification of antibiotics in a coral reef food web from the South China Sea: Bioaccumulation, source apportionment, and human health risks. (PubMed, Environ Pollut) - "Spatial analysis showed slightly higher contamination near the reef and shore than offshore, indicating land-based and aquaculture inputs...Ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin showed strong bioaccumulation potential; six antibiotics demonstrated trophic magnification (trophic magnification factors > 1). Ecological risk assessment indicated low overall risks, with only norfloxacin and sulfadiazine presenting minor concerns in seawater. Dietary risk assessment suggests minimal impact on human health through seafood consumption. This is the first multi-matrix study evaluating antibiotic presence, sources, bioaccumulation, trophic transfer, and risk in a southern Hainan coral reef ecosystem, providing essential baseline data for pollution management."

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Deriving Antibiotic Thresholds Under a One Health Framework: Integrating Bioaccumulation and Human Exposure in the Yangtze River Estuary Food Web. (PubMed, Environ Sci Technol) - "CAP, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin were identified as priority risk compounds, demonstrating that even moderate environmental concentrations can bioaccumulate through aquatic food webs and pose notable dietary exposure risks to consumers. This framework provides a more protective basis for antibiotic pollution management and environmental standard development under a One Health perspective."

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Hybrid photoelectrocatalytic advanced oxidation systems for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment: mechanisms, reactive species, operational parameters, toxicity assessment and real wastewater treatment. (PubMed, RSC Adv) - "Representative PEC/PMS systems attained 98% sulfamethoxazole removal within 90 min, 100% norfloxacin removal within 25 min, and 91.3% tetracycline removal within 30 min...Ozone-assisted PEC achieved 96% cefadroxil removal and 57.6% TOC reduction, while a pilot-scale solar photoelectro-Fenton/ozone process achieved 60% pharmaceutical degradation and 41% COD removal in a four-drug mixture...Nevertheless, catalyst deactivation, oxidant consumption, mass-transfer limitations, incomplete mineralization, transformation-product toxicity, and energy demand remain critical barriers. Overall, hybrid PEC-AOPs offer highly tunable platforms for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment, but standardized energy, toxicity, mineralization, and long-term stability assessments under real-water conditions are required for practical scale-up."

Journal • Review

A temperature-responsive hydrogel dressing enables on-demand drug release and visual wound monitoring. (PubMed, J Mater Chem B) - "Using norfloxacin as a model antibiotic, T-r HGDS released 11.02 µg mL-1 drug at 36 °C over 240 min (36.71% of loading), whereas release increased to 21.04 µg mL-1 at 40 °C (70.15% of loading)...In mice, T-r HGDS-treated wounds achieved over 98.0% closure after 14 days, with enhanced epithelial regeneration, granulation formation and collagen deposition. This work offers inflammation-responsive therapy with visual monitoring for intelligent, on-demand wound care."

Journal • Inflammation

In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of the Potentiating Effect of Thiadiazine Derivatives Against Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) Bacterial Strains. (PubMed, Antibiotics (Basel)) - "However, they demonstrated a significant antibiotic-modifying effect, potentiating the activity of conventional antibiotics, particularly norfloxacin, against the tested strains... Although the evaluated thiadiazine derivatives lacked direct antibacterial activity, they significantly enhanced the efficacy of antibiotics against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Combined with their favourable in silico pharmacokinetic and physicochemical profiles, these findings suggest that thiadiazine derivatives may represent promising antibiotic adjuvants for combating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections."

Journal • Preclinical • Infectious Disease

Molecular Characterization of Virulence Genes and Quinolone Resistance Determinants in Salmonella Strains from Retail Chicken Meat. (PubMed, Antibiotics (Basel)) - "Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that 47 (88.67%) isolates were resistant to enrofloxacin, 32 (60.37%) to ciprofloxacin, 26 (49.05%) to moxifloxacin, and 24 (45.28%) to norfloxacin...The virulence gene profiles indicated that these isolates harbored a wide range of markers associated with host invasion, intracellular survival, and adaptation within the host environment. Moreover, the high prevalence of the int1 gene highlights the need for further investigation of integron-associated resistance determinants and their potential role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance through chicken products and the associated risk of transmission to humans."

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