Eucrisa (crisaborole) / Pfizer - LARVOL DELTA

Use of PBPK modelling to extrapolate in vitro porcine ear skin permeability to in vivo human dermal absorption. (PubMed, Int J Pharm) - "In all cases, the stratum corneum:lipid vehicle Kp was identified as a key parameter for optimisation. The results demonstrated that, with appropriate model optimisation and incorporation of mechanistic parameters, in vitro data from porcine skin can enhance the accuracy in predicting in vivo human transdermal permeation of caffeine, crisaborole, and ketoprofen, and can be effectively used to simulate systemic exposure following topical application."

Journal • Preclinical

Targeting Intracellular Pathways in Atopic Dermatitis with Small Molecule Therapeutics. (PubMed, Curr Issues Mol Biol) - "Although biologic agents such as dupilumab, tralokinumab, and lebrikizumab have revolutionized AD management, their high costs, injectable administration, and limited global accessibility highlight the need for alternative options...This review provides a comprehensive analysis of key agents including Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors (upadacitinib, abrocitinib, baricitinib, ruxolitinib, delgocitinib), phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors (crisaborole, difamilast, roflumilast, apremilast), as well as STAT6 degraders (KT621, NX3911), aryl hydrocarbon receptor modulators, histamine H4 receptor antagonists (adriforant, izuforant), and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators (etrasimod, BMS-986166). We summarize their mechanisms of action, pharmacological profiles, and pivotal clinical trial data, emphasizing their potential to address unmet therapeutic needs. Finally, we discuss safety concerns, long-term tolerability, and future directions for integrating small molecule..."

Journal • Review • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Inflammation • STAT6

Amorolfine hydrochloride cream and 2% crisaborole ointment: a study on their therapeutic benefits for keratotic tinea pedis. (PubMed, J Dermatolog Treat) - "The incidence of negative effects did not differ significantly between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions For keratinized tinea foot, 2% crisaborole ointment can increase the effectiveness of amorolfine hydrochloride cream."

Journal • Dermatology • Pruritus

Crisaborole 2% Versus Tacrolimus 0.1% in Children With Mild to Moderate Atopic Dermatitis (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=66 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Shalamar Institute of Health Sciences

New P3 trial • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology

A systematic review of novel Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors in the treatment of psoriasis. (PubMed, Inflamm Res) - "PDE-4 inhibitors, both oral and topical, demonstrate promising efficacy and acceptable safety profiles in the treatment of psoriasis. To confirm their long-term benefits and improve clinical use, larger-scale studies with longer follow-up and a wider range of patients are required."

Journal • Review • Dermatology • Immunology • Psoriasis

Efficacy and Safety of Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors in Vitiligo: A Systematic Review. (PubMed, Australas J Dermatol) - No abstract available

Journal • Dermatology • Immunology • Vitiligo

Microneedling Combined With Topical Crisaborole 2 % Ointment in Treatment of Vitiligo. (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=20 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Tanta University

New trial • Dermatology • Immunology • Vitiligo

Structural Insights: What Makes Some PDE4 Inhibitors More Effective in Inflammatory Dermatoses. (PubMed, J Clin Aesthet Dermatol) - "PDE4, therefore, is a key drug target for alleviating inflammatory skin diseases. In this brief review, we discuss and simplify into clinically relevant terminology the molecular findings of a 2024 study by Wang et al, which analyzed the structural properties of dermatologic PDE4 inhibitors and thereby provided molecular rationale as to why roflumilast has the greatest potency and is highly efficacious across multiple inflammatory dermatoses."

Journal • Review • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Inflammation • Psoriasis • Seborrheic Dermatitis • IFNG • IL13 • IL22 • IL23A • IL4 • IL5 • TNFA

Multimodal PAI/OCT Imaging System for Precision Diagnosis and Therapy in Atopic Dermatitis: A Pilot Study. (PubMed, J Biophotonics) - "This study introduces an integrated photoacoustic imaging (PAI)/optical coherence tomography (OCT) system for noninvasive, quantitative evaluation of MC903-induced AD-like dermatitis in mice and Crisaborole efficacy. PAI/OCT synergistically provides complementary functional-structural biomarkers, advancing precision diagnosis and therapy in AD models. This work pioneers real-time monitoring of AD pathophysiology, supporting clinical translation through quantitative multiparametric characterization for tailored therapeutic strategies."

Journal • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Inflammation

Synergistic Effects of Activatable Photodynamic Therapy and Crisaborole for Psoriasis through Senolysis and Immunomodulation. (PubMed, J Med Chem) - "This "dual-target" approach demonstrated superior efficacy compared to monotherapies. Our work pioneers a "dual-target/modal" strategy and addresses both cellular senescence and inflammatory cascades in psoriasis, providing a novel strategic direction for psoriasis treatment optimization."

Journal • Dermatology • Dermatopathology • Immunology • Inflammation • Psoriasis

Safety and tolerability of roflumilast cream from INTEGUMENT-1/2 trials of patients with atopic dermatitis and prior failure of topical treatments (CDA 2025) - P3 | "Patients aged ≥6 years with AD, Eczema Area and Severity Index ≥5, and Validated Investigator Global Assessment for AD (vIGA-AD) of Mild or Moderate were randomized 2:1 to once-daily roflumilast cream 0.15% or vehicle for 4 weeks. Safety and local tolerability were assessed through adverse events and investigator- and patient-rated local tolerability scales. Of 1137 patients in this pooled analysis (884 roflumilast, 453 vehicle), 60.8% reported prior TCS failure, 18.0% TCI failure, and 7.3% crisaborole failure."

Clinical • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Pain

Efficacy and Safety of Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors in Vitiligo: A Systematic Review (CDA 2025) - "Oral apremilast was most commonly used (110/114, 96.4%) followed by topical crisaborole (4/114, 3.5%). A MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Embase search was conducted under PRISMA guidelines using the following keywords and variations: “vitiligo” and “PDE4i”. The search yielded 11 studies with 114 participants with a mean age of 38.1 years (range: 16-71 years), consisting of 49% males. Treatments were categorized as PDE4i treatment with concomitant medications (85/114, 74.5%) or PDE4i monotherapy (29/114, 25.4%)."

Clinical • Review • Dermatology • Immunology • Vitiligo

New topical molecular targeted therapies for atopic dermatitis in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. (PubMed, Pediatr Allergy Immunol) - "Nine studies (reported in eight articles) involving 2182 patients were included, with 1469 children treated with Janus kinase inhibitors (ruxolitinib and delgocitinib) and phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors (crisaborole, lotamilast, and difamilast)...New topical targeted therapies administered over 4 weeks are effective and safe for children with atopic dermatitis aged ≤18 years. Further studies are needed to establish their long-term safety and efficacy."

Clinical • Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology

Pharmacokinetics, Bioequivalence, and Safety Studies of Crisaborole Ointment in Healthy Chinese Subjects. (PubMed, Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev) - "During the study, 5 subjects had 8 adverse events, and no serious adverse events were reported. In this study, the tested formulation of crisaborole ointment is bioequivalent to the reference formulation, and the safety is comparable."

Journal • PK/PD data

Effect of NB-UVB combined with Creborol ointment in the treatment of non-segmentary vitiligo in stable stage (ChiCTR) - P4 | N=60 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: The Fifth People Hospital of Chongqing; The Fifth People Hospital of Chongqing

New P4 trial • Dermatology • Immunology • Vitiligo

PDE4 Inhibitors: Bridging Molecular Insights With Clinical Impact. (PubMed, J Drugs Dermatol) - "Among available agents, roflumilast stands out for its high potency and selectivity, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 0.7 nM compared to 140 nM for apremilast (200-fold less) and 750 nM for crisaborole (1071-fold less). 2025;24(6):631-633. doi:10.36849/JDD.9089."

Journal • Review • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Dermatopathology • Immunology • Inflammation • Lichen Planus • Pediatrics • Psoriasis • Seborrheic Dermatitis • Vitiligo

Inhibition of Activated Coagulation Factor XII by the Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitor Roflumilast: In Vitro and In Silico Studies. (PubMed, Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)) - "Overall, roflumilast could be used as a lead compound for developing a novel multifunctional therapeutic drug used for the prevention of HAE or thrombotic disorders."

Journal • Preclinical • Cardiovascular • Complement-mediated Rare Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Hereditary Angioedema • Inflammation • Thrombosis

Crisaborole in Hailey-Hailey Disease: A Case Report. (PubMed, J Dermatol) - No abstract available

Journal • Genetic Disorders

Eucrisa for Atopic Dermatitis (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1 | N=28 | Completed | Sponsor: Wake Forest University Health Sciences | Active, not recruiting ➔ Completed

Trial completion • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology

Racial and ethnic disparities in atopic dermatitis medication utilization (SID 2025) - "We examined disparities in the utilization of treatments for AD, specifically dupilumab, crisaborole, topical JAK inhibitors (TJAKIs), and topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs). These findings suggest significant disparities in AD treatment across demographic groups. Further investigation is needed to identify underlying factors and inform interventions to ensure equitable access to AD therapies."

Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology

Topical and oral phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors for refractory seborrheic dermatitis: A systematic review (SID 2025) - "Topical crisaborole 2% (5.02%) and oral apremilast 30mg (0.47%) were also used. The use of PDE-4 inhibitors represents a significant advancement in the management of SD, especially in patients needing long-term management, with these results highlighting their efficacy and tolerability. As more clinical data become available, PDE-4 inhibitors are likely to become a cornerstone in the treatment of SD."

Review • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Pruritus • Seborrheic Dermatitis • IL10

Clinical efficacy of the combination treatment of psoriasis vulgaris with crisaborole ointment in comparison with calcipotriene ointment (SID 2025) - "05), and the overall therapeutic efficacy of the treatment group (with an effective cure rate of 38.46%) was better than that of the control group (28.91%) (P<0.05); the overall incidence of adverse reactions in the treatment group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The results of the study showed that the efficacy of Crisaborole Ointment combined with Captopanol Ointment in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris was remarkable, which could effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms and improve the skin condition with good therapeutic effect and safety, and provided a new and effective choice for the treatment of psoriasis."

Clinical • Dermatology • Immunology • Psoriasis

PDE4 inhibitors in psoriasis therapy: current insights and future directions. (PubMed, Inflammopharmacology) - "The review gathered detailed information about clinical research and pharmaceutical operations of PDE4 inhibitors, specifically for apremilast, roflumilast, and crisaborole. This review also analyzes experimental PDE4 inhibitors alongside the advantages that appear when combining these drugs with biologics or phototherapy, together with methotrexate...New drug dosage methods connected to personalized treatment plans have the potential to raise patient care effectiveness. Researchers need to study ways to improve PDE4 inhibitor formulations, along with developing new combination therapy approaches to enhance sustained psoriasis disease treatment."

Journal • Review • Dermatology • Immunology • Inflammation • Psoriasis • IL17A • TNFA

IL-4, IL-13, TNF-α and IFN-γ Downregulate CLDN8 Expression Through Activating JAK Signaling Pathway in HaCaT Cells. (PubMed, Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol) - "CLDN8 mRNA expression is decreased in AD lesions and MC903-induced AD-like mouse model. Downregulation of CLDN8 mRNA expression is alleviated after dupilumab or crisaborole treatment...Skin tissues might not express CLDN8 protein. AD-related cytokines including IL-4, IL-13, TNF-α and IFN-γ could downregulate CLDN8 mRNA expression through activating JAK."

Journal • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Oncology • CLDN8 • IFNG • IL13 • IL4 • TNFA

Topical Crisaborole for the Treatment of Recalcitrant Palmoplantar Pustulosis: A Case Series. (PubMed, Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)) - "The positive response of topical crisaborole observed in our cases also echoes the efficacy of apremilast, a systemic phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor which successfully treated PPP in other reports, highlighting the potential role of PDE4 in the pathophysiology of PPP. Further studies are needed for a more comprehensive evaluation."

Journal • Immunology • Psoriasis