spiroindenes / BMS - LARVOL DELTA

Design, Synthesis, X-Ray Crystallographic Characterization, Anticholinesterase and Antioxidant Evaluation, and Molecular Modeling of Novel Dispiroindene-Pyrrolidine Derivatives as Multifunctional Anti-Alzheimer Agents. (PubMed, Drug Dev Res) - "Notably, derivatives 4b, 4f, and 4o emerged as the most effective dual inhibitors, displaying strong potent activity against AChE (IC50 = 0.91 ± 0.02, 0.89 ± 0.01, and 0.74 ± 0.01 µM, respectively; donepezil IC50 = 0.68 ± 0.005 µM) alongside significant BChE inhibition (IC50 = 10.19 ± 0.16, 9.59 ± 0.08, and 9.11 ± 0.01 µM, respectively; donepezil IC50 = 2.97 ± 0.01 µM). Molecular docking studies revealed favorable binding interactions of the lead derivatives within the catalytic binding pockets of both AChE and BChE, with docking scores comparable to those of the standard inhibitor. Furthermore, in silico ADME profiling demonstrated promising pharmacokinetic behavior, characterized by robust gastrointestinal absorption and excellent predicted blood-brain barrier penetration, supporting the potential of these derivatives as promising multifunctional candidates for the development of anti-Alzheimer agents."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Pain

Rational design and synthesis of dispiroindene-pyrrolidinedione scaffolds as multi-target directed ligands: potent AChE inhibitors with antioxidant activity and favorable biocompatibility in SH-SY5Y cells. (PubMed, Bioorg Chem) - "Derivative 4k emerged as the primary lead, exhibiting an IC50 for Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of 2.58 ± 0.11 μM and a remarkable selectivity index of 15.71, significantly exceeding that of donepezil (4.37), the reference drug. Molecular docking validated these results, showing robust π-π stacking and halogen-based stabilization within the catalytic anionic site. These findings, supported by ADME profiles predicting high blood-brain barrier permeability, position the dispiroindene-pyrrolidinedione framework as a highly effective, low-toxicity, multi-functional candidate for the development of Alzheimer's disease therapeutics."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Neuroblastoma • Oncology • Pain • Solid Tumor

Enantioselective Construction of Cyclopentene Spiroindene Scaffolds via Phosphine-Catalyzed Annulation of Benzofulvene with MBH Carbonates. (PubMed, Org Lett) - "A novel chiral amide-phosphine bifunctional catalyst was developed and successfully catalyzed the asymmetric intermolecular vinylogous [3+2] annulations of MBH carbonates with benzofulvenes, affording cyclopentene spiroindenes with excellent regioselectivity and stereoselectivity (up to >20:1 dr and >99% ee), which are widely present in natural products and chiral catalysts."

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Visible-Light-Promoted Access to Fused Aza-Heterocyclic Frameworks. (PubMed, Chemistry) - "Strategically it is also possible to construct a 5-membered aza-heterocyclic core applying the same photochemical approach. Finally, the late-stage modifications of quinoxalinone and quinoxaline scaffold applying the photoinduced C-H activation technique generate the structurally diverse spiroindene compounds, including steroid-embedded di-aza heterocycle."

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Synthesis of Spiroindenes via Palladium Catalysis Using Oxabicycles as Acetylene Surrogates. (PubMed, Org Lett) - "Preliminary results using enantioenriched oxabicycles as chiral auxiliaries allow for the synthesis of enantioenriched spiroindenes. The formation of unusual 6-endo-trig naphthyl side products is observed for substrates with proximal Lewis basic nitrogens."

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Dual Brønsted acidic-basic function immobilized on the 3D mesoporous polycalix [4]resorcinarene: As a highly recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of spiro acenaphthylene/indene heterocycles. (PubMed, Heliyon) - "So, the designed catalyst was utilized for preparing spiro-acenaphthylene and amino-spiroindene heterocycles, providing good performance with a high yield of the corresponding products...Necessary experiments were conducted for the recyclability test of the polymeric catalyst, and the results showed the PC4RA@SiPr-Pip-BuSO3H catalyst can be reused 10 times without any decrease in its activity or quality with excellent stability. The structure of resultant spiro heterocycles was confirmed using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FT-IR."

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Direct Formation of C-C, C-N, and C-O Bonds in Dihydroquinazolines via Hypervalent Iodine(III)-Mediated sp C-H Functionalization. (PubMed, J Org Chem) - "A hypervalent iodine(III)-mediated cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction for the direct formation of C-C, C-N, and C-O bonds in dihydroquinazolines has been developed. This one-pot method allows for the synthesis of C4-disubstituted dihydroquinazolines as well as C4-spirolactam, spirolactone, and spiroindene dihydroquinazolines in moderate to high yields."

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Regio- and diastereoselective synthesis of diverse spirocyclic indenes by cyclization with indene-dienes as two carbon building blocks. (PubMed, Org Biomol Chem) - "We report a base-promoted cyclization with indene-dienes as two carbon building blocks toward diverse spirocyclic indene scaffolds including hexacyclic spiroindenes bearing benzo pyran motifs and pentacyclic spiroindenes containing oxindole units in high yields with excellent diastereoselectivities."

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An Unexpected Acid Acid-Catalyzed Rearrangement of Diacetoxy Benzylidenespirostanes to Spirochromene Acetals and Spiroindenes with Radical Scavenger Activity. (PubMed, Steroids) - "While compounds bearing an acetoxy group at the ortho position produced spirochromenes, the partners with no substituent at the ortho position led to spiroindenes. All the rearranged compounds exhibited moderate antioxidant activity."

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Chemoselective and Regioselective Synthesis of Spiroisoindolinone Indenes via an Intercepted Meyer-Schuster Rearrangement/Intramolecular Friedel-Crafts Alkylation Relay. (PubMed, J Org Chem) - "The reaction proceeds rapidly with a broad range of substrates to generate spiroindenes chemoselectively and regioselectively in moderate to high yields. Key to the success of this transformation is an intercepted Meyer-Schuster rearrangement/intramolecular Friedel-Crafts alkylation relay that offers a modular approach in the synthesis of target compounds."

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Metal-Catalyzed Spiroannulation-Fluoromethylfunctionaliztions of 1,5-Enynes for the Synthesis of Stereodefined (Z)-Spiroindenes. (PubMed, Chem Asian J) - "Palladium-catalyzed spiroannulation-iododifluoromethylation with ethyl difluoroiodoacetate oriented completely stereoselective access to ( Z )-spiroindenes and the latter included copper-catalyzed three-component spiroannulation-cyanotrifluoromethylation starting from Togni's reagent and trimethylsilanecarbonitrile (TMSCN). Both reaction pathways involve fluoroalkyl radical-triggered 1,6-addition/ 5- exo - dig annulation/ metal radical cross-coupling/ reductive elimination sequence, providing practical and stereoselective protocols for rapidly constructing cyclohexadienone-containing spiroindenes with generally good yields."

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Electrochemical Annulation-Iodosulfonylation of 1,5-Enyne-containing para-Quinone Methides (p-QMs) to Access (E)-Spiroindenes. (PubMed, Org Lett) - "The electrosynthesis offers sustainable and efficient access to construct spirocyclohexadienone-containing (E)-indenes without any additional catalyst or oxidant through a sulfonyl-radical-triggered 1,6-addition and an I-mediated ipso-cyclization cascade. Notably, potassium iodide plays the triple role of an electrolyte, a redox catalyst, as well as an iodination reagent."

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