Cefotaxima / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Rapid screening of cefotaxime resistance in Escherichia coli isolates by liquid chromatography with absorbance detection. (PubMed, J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci) - "We demonstrate that liquid chromatography (LC) with diode-array absorbance detection (DAD) accurately diagnoses antimicrobial resistance by measuring cefotaxime recovery following incubation with bacterial isolates either positive or negative for the cefotaximase (CTX-M) family of serine-β-lactamases. Additionally, the optical absorption measurement is fully compatible with microfluidic platforms, suggesting the development of low-cost, high-throughput sensors based on this measurement principle is possible. We conclude LC-DAD is suitable and reliable to determine the cefotaxime resistance status of E. coli isolates with a turn-around time of only 1-2 h."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Comparative Study of Noncatheterized and Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections by ESBL-Producing Gram-Negative Bacilli in an Urban Tertiary-Care Center, Salem, Tamil Nadu. (PubMed, J Pharm Bioallied Sci) - "Out of 21 ESBL isolates, 47.62% had cefotaximase M (CTX-M) gene, while 4.76% had sulfhydril variant (SHV) and oxacillinase (OXA) 10/11 genes. Coproduction of CTX-M and SHV was observed. The study reveals multiple ESBL genes co-expression in clinical isolates from catheterized and noncatheterized patients, emphasizing the need for regular monitoring and antibiotic policy development."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Nephrology

Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated From a Patient in a Midwestern U.S. Hospital With a History of Indian Travel: Therapeutic Strategies and Clinical Outcomes. (PubMed, Case Rep Infect Dis) - "Here, we present a case of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) which is unique due to the rarity of multiple mechanisms of resistance within the Klebsiella pneumoniae harboring New Delhi metallo-β-lactamases (NDM), oxacillinase-48 (OXA-48)-like, and cefotaximase (CTX-M) resistance genes, detected in a patient following an international travel. This case demonstrates the need for a multidisciplinary approach to optimize the treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organisms."

Clinical data • Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia

Genotyping and antimicrobial resistance profile of ESKAPE pathogens from a tertiary care hospital in Jammu & Kashmir, India. (PubMed, Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis) - "Screening for β-lactamase genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M-15) revealed that 32.5 % of isolates carried the TEM gene (Temoniera), 36.87 % had the CTX-M-15 gene (CefoTaXimase-Munich), and 20.62 % harboured SHV variants (Sulfhydryl Variable)...To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive report on the prevalence of ESBL genes in ESKAPE pathogens of this region. Further, this study underscores the critical need for enhanced surveillance and targeted antimicrobial stewardship programs to address the growing challenge of antimicrobial resistance in hospital settings."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia

High Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Cloacal Enterococci and Escherichia coli from Free-Living Dalmatian and Great White Pelicans with Detection of Cefotaximase CTX-M-15 Producing Escherichia coli ST69. (PubMed, Antibiotics (Basel)) - "Furthermore, it is imperative to study the potential impacts of ESBL-E. coli on the endangered DP further."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Respiratory Diseases

Antimicrobial resistant Enterobacterales of clinical importance in mute swans. (PubMed, Sci Total Environ) - "Samples were swabbed directly onto agars to select for carbapenem resistant, Extended-spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing, ciprofloxacin resistant and colistin resistant bacteria. Isolates identified by MALDI-TOF as Enterobacterales were tested for susceptibility to a panel of 16 antimicrobials and real-time PCR was employed to detect cefotaximase and carbapenemase genes (CRGs)...Three E. coli isolates were phenotypically ertapenem resistant, one of which was an ST4450 isolate which carried plasmid encoded blaOXA-181 and blaCMY-141 with blaCTX-M-15 identified chromosomally...Bioinformatic analysis revealed high-risk pathogenic ESBL E. coli clones including ST38 (n = 3), ST69 (n = 3), and ST131 (n = 2). The study indicates mute swans are a reservoir for drug-resistant Enterobacterales and ARGs of clinical importance and may be a useful sentinel species for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance in wildlife."

Journal

Emergence and Genetic Characterization of KLUC-3 Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli ST95 High-Risk Clone Causing Nosocomial Infection in Japan. (PubMed, J Glob Antimicrob Resist) - "This is the first case of nosocomial transmission of KLUC-3 producers outside China. The blaKLUC-3 emergence in the virulent pandemic lineage ST95 is a public health problem highlighting the need for further investigations to prevent its potential dissemination."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pediatrics

Is It Time to Start Worrying? A Comprehensive Report on the Three-Year Prevalence of ESBL-Producing Bacteria and Their Trends in Antibiotic Resistance from the Largest University Hospital in Slovakia. (PubMed, Pharmaceuticals (Basel)) - "These findings highlight the need for ongoing surveillance of ESBL-producing bacteria and underscore challenges in managing antibiotic resistance due to limited efficacy of last-resort treatments. The unique phenotypical distribution observed could impact local resistance management strategies in hospital settings in the coming years."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia

Extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL)- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales isolated from fresh herbs and salads at retail level in Switzerland. (PubMed, J Food Prot) - "(n=1) carrying ß-lactamase (bla) genes belonging to the cefotaximase-München (blaCTX-M)-groups, Proteus spp...cloacae (ST820 and ST1516) with blaIMI-1 have been found previously in clinical settings and community outbreaks. The occurrence and consumption of fresh produce containing MDR ESBL-E and CPE pose substantial public health risks and raise significant food safety concerns."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia

Prevalence and characterization of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales among inpatients and outpatients in Skikda, Algeria. (PubMed, J Infect Dev Ctries) - "This research highlights the rising prevalence of carbapenemases NDM-1 and NDM-5 among inpatients and outpatients and supports the notion that OXA-48 is becoming increasingly widespread beyond Algerian hospitals."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia

Identification of antibiotic resistance genes in Escherichia coli from subclinical mastitis milk in dairy cows and goats, East Java Province. (PubMed, Vet Med (Praha)) - "Gene resistance of E. coli was tested using the multiplex-PCR (mPCR) technique with primers encoding the genes temoneira enzyme (TEM), oxacillinase (OXA), sulfhydryl variable (SHV), and cefotaximase-munich IV (CTX-M IV)...The resistance genes were found in samples originating from Blitar, Banyuwangi, Lumajang, and Pasuruan Regencies. This research implies that antibiotic-resistance genes found in E. coli on certain farms are dangerous and may allow gene transmission to other bacteria that make treatment for mastitis or other bacterial infections ineffective."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Genomic characterization of New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-producing species of Morganellaceae, Yersiniaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae (other than Klebsiella) from Brazil over 2013-2022. (PubMed, Microbiol Immunol) - "Isolates producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases were common: cefotaximase from Munich (CTX-M)-15 (n = 10), CTX-M-2 (n = 4), and CTX-M-8 (n = 3) were detected, and the mcr-1-producing E. coli was found to co-produce both CTX-M-8 and CTX-M-55 β-lactamases...This study showed that NDM-producing Enterobacterales other than Klebsiella are already spread in Brazil, in diversified species, and cocarrying important resistance genes. Prompt detection and effective implementation of measures to prevent further spread are mandatory for mitigating the dissemination of NDM carbapenemase in hospital settings and preserving the already limited antimicrobial therapy options."

Journal

Coexistence Of Blaoxa-48, Blavim, And Blashv Genes In Klebsiella Pneumoniae And Escherichia Coli Isolated From Urinary Tract Infections: Microbiological And Epidemiological Analysis. (PubMed, J Pak Med Assoc) - "There was evidence of the coexistence of bla- oxacillinase-48, bla-Verona integron-encoded metallo beta lactamase and bla-sulfhydryl variable genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolates from mixed urinary tract infection samples."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Extended Spectrum ß-lactamase Mobile Gene Encoded Variants CTX-M, TEM, SHV, AmpC and FOX among Serratia marcescens, Ile- Ife South Western Nigeria (ASM Microbe 2023) - "They were cultured on sorbitol Mcconkey agar infused with 200U/ml of colistin for the selective isolation of Serratia species...Serratia marcescens showed great susceptibility to meropenem (100%), ofloxacin (100%), ciprofloxacin (90.5 %) and gentamicin (84.6 %), and total (100 %) resistance to ceftazidime, cefuroxime, ampicillin and augmentin...The incidence of ampicillinase (AmpC), cefoxitin variant (FOX-1) ampicillinase, cefotaximase (CTX-M), sulphyhydryl variable (SHV), and temoniera (TEM) beta lactamase resistance genes among Serratia marcescens were 15.4 %, 0.0 %, 53.9 %, 38.5 % and 15.4 % respectively...The study concluded that occurrence of multidrug resistant S. marcescens pose a public health threat in the study area considering their carbapenemase production and carriage of various resistance genes. The expression and co-carriage of resistance genes makes these isolates potential resistance-genes donor to other microorganisms."

Faecal carriage of ESBL producing and colistin resistant Escherichia coli in avian species over a 2-year period (2017-2019) in Zimbabwe. (PubMed, Front Cell Infect Microbiol) - "The ESBL phenotype was linked to the presence of either cefotaximase-Munich-14 (CTX-M-14) or CTX-M-79. The detection of several ARGs highlights the importance of implementing enhanced control measures to limit the spread in animals, environment, and humans. This is the first report of mcr-1 in Zimbabwe, which further underscores the importance of the One Health approach to control the spread and development of AMR."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Co-existence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases bla and bla genes in Salmonella species isolated from febrile and diarrhoeagenic patients in Lagos, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study. (PubMed, Eur J Med Res) - "This study is considered the first report of bla and bla variants in Salmonella species in Nigeria. The continued existence of cefotaximase (CTX-M)-producing Salmonella within our environment calls for the prudent use of cephalosporins."

Journal • Observational data • Infectious Disease

Antibiotic susceptibility profiles and detection of genes mediating extended-spectrum β-lactamase (Esbl) production in escherichia coli isolates from National Hospital, Abuja. (PubMed, Niger J Clin Pract) - "Meropenem, fosfomycin, and tigecycline demonstrated excellent activities against all isolates: of the 400 isolates, 392 (98%), 386 (96.5%), and 362 (90.5%) were susceptible, respectively. Similarly, 358 (89.5%) were susceptible to amikacin, 323 (80.3%) nitrofurantoin, 281 (70.3%) ceftazidime, and 279 (69.8%) cefotaxime. A total of 271 (67.8%), 219 (54.8%), and 208 (52.0%) were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanate, ciprofloxacillin, and gentamicin, respectively. However, all the isolates were resistant to ampicillin...Of the 121 phenotypically detected ESBL isolates, 119 (98.3%) harbored genes mediating the production of Cefotaximase- Munich (CTX-M), Temoniera (TEM) or Sulfhydryl Variable (SHV) enzymes...bla is the predominant type of ESBL gene among E. coli. A high proportion of the ESBL-producing isolates expressed a combination of two or three genes together."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of bla and bla producing monophasic Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in Greece. (PubMed, J Glob Antimicrob Resist) - "The emergence of ESBL among S. 1,4,[5],12:i:- is worrisome due to its increasing antimicrobial resistance phenotype making it more difficult to clinically treatment. WGS provides an alternative to traditional methods identification and genomic characterization of strains that will help to better understand its epidemiological dynamic and bacterial pathogenesis."

Journal • Pediatrics

Characterization of Interactions between CTX-M-15 and Clavulanic Acid, Desfuroylceftiofur, Ceftiofur, Ampicillin, and Nitrocefin. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "Cefotaximase-Munich (CTX-M) extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are commonly associated with Gram-negative, hospital-acquired infections worldwide...The crystal structures revealed that Ser70 and five other residues (Lys73, Tyr105, Glu166, Ser130, and Ser237) participate in catalysis and binding of those compounds...DFC, a metabolite of ceftiofur, displayed lower entropy and higher enthalpy than ceftiofur. This finding suggests that compounds containing amine moiety (e.g., ampicillin) and the furfural moiety (e.g., ceftiofur) could hinder the hydrolytic activity of CTX-M-15."

Journal • Infectious Disease

A pentaplex real-time PCR assay for rapid identification of major beta-lactamase genes KPC, NDM, CTX, CMY, and OXA-48 directly from bacteria in blood. (PubMed, J Med Microbiol) - "Here, we present a pentaplex, real-time PCR-based assay that can quickly identify the most common beta-lactamase genes (Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC); New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM); cefotaximase-Munich (CTX-M); cephamycin AmpC beta-lactamases (CMY); and Oxacillinase-48 (OXA-48)) from pathogens derived directly from the blood of patients presenting with bacterial septicemia.Aim...This assay will improve patient outcomes by supplying physicians with critical drug resistance information within 2 h of septicemia onset, allowing them to prescribe effective antimicrobials corresponding to the resistance gene(s) present in the pathogen. In addition, information supplied by this assay will lessen the inappropriate use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials and prevent the evolution of further antibiotic resistance."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia • Septic Shock

Molecular epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli strains over a 2-year period (2017-2019) from Zimbabwe. (PubMed, Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis) - "The majority of ESBL E. coli isolates produced cefotaximase-Munich (CTX-M)-15, CTX-M-27, and CTX-M-14...Incompatibility group F plasmids were predominant among ST131 and ST410 isolates with the following replicons recorded most frequently: F1:A2:B20 (9/19, 47%), F2:A1: B (5/19, 26%), and F1:A1:B49 (8/13, 62%). The results indicate the need for continuous tracking of different ESBL ExPEC clones on a global scale, while targeting specific STs (e.g. ST131 and ST410) through control programs will substantially decrease the spread of ESBLs among ExPEC."

Clinical • Journal • Infectious Disease • Nephrology

LAMP assays for the simple and rapid detection of clinically important urinary pathogens including the detection of resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins. (PubMed, BMC Infect Dis) - "We showed that the LAMP assays were simple and fast. The tests showed high sensitivity and specificity using a simple procedure for DNA extraction. In addition, the assays could be performed without the need of an expensive device such as a thermal cycler. These LAMP assays could be useful as an alternative or a complementary tool to culture reducing the time to diagnosis and guiding for more effective treatment of UTIs but also as a powerful diagnostic tool in resource-limited countries where culture is not available in primary health care structures."

Clinical • Journal • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Pneumonia

Coexistence of aminoglycoside resistance genes in CTX-M-producing isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Bushehr province, Iran. (PubMed, Iran J Microbiol) - "In addition, the coexistence of bla with aac(3)-IIa and aac(6')-Ib was observed in 46.8% of CTX-M-producing K. pneumoniae isolates. This study provides evidence of a high prevalence of AME genes in CTX-M-producing K. pneumoniae isolates; therefore, in the initial empirical treatment of infections caused by ESBL-KP in regions with such antibiotic resistance patterns, aminoglycoside combination therapy should be undertaken carefully."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia • PCR

Structural Comparisons of Cefotaximase (CTX-M-ase) Sub Family 1. (PubMed, Front Microbiol) - "Interactions between a positive surface patch near the active site and complementary functional groups of the bound inhibitor play key roles in the dictating the conformations of active site residues. The insights provided by analyzing structures of CTX-M-15 in complex with DABCO and boronic acid transition state analog inhibitors and analyzing existing structures of CTX-M-64 offer opportunities to move closer to making predictions as to how CTX-M-ases may interact with potential drug candidates, setting the stage for the further development of new antibiotics and β-lactamase inhibitors."

Journal • Review

Successful Dissemination of Plasmid-Mediated Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Enterobacterales over Humans to Wild Fauna. (PubMed, Microorganisms) - "The ecological success of IncI1-ST3-bla appears less linked to the spread of their bacterial recipients than to their ability to transfer in a broad spectrum of bacterial lineages. This feature is associated with the diversity of their shuffling conjugation region that contain bla. These might be involved in the resistance to antimicrobials, but also in their spread."

Journal