Thymoglobulin (anti-thymocyte globulin (rabbit)) / Sanofi - LARVOL DELTA

Joint Use of Rabbit ATG and poSt-tranSplant Immunosuppression with Cyclophosphamide, without any other graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis, for HLA-matched peripheral blood hematopoietic cell transplantation - The JURASSIC phase I trial. (PubMed, Bone Marrow Transplant) - No abstract available

Journal • P1 data • Preclinical • Graft versus Host Disease • Immunology • Transplantation

From Gastrointestinal Graft-vs-Host Disease to Crohn Disease and Back Again: A Diagnostic Challenge in Post-Transplant Colitis (ACG 2026) - "Symptoms significantly improved with prednisone, vedolizumab, and ruxolitinib...He was treated with budesonide, upadacitinib, vedolizumab, infliximab, AAT, and thymoglobulin to target CD and GI GVHD...Further studies are needed to better characterize the relationship between post-transplant immune dysregulation and de novo IBD. Figure: March 2025 colonoscopy demonstrating Crohnâs Disease with active chronic ileocolitis with granulomas Figure: January 2026 colonoscopy demonstrating GI GVHD with focal ulcer and acute inflammation with increased apoptosis and focal loss of crypt"

Post-transplantation • Crohn's disease • Essential Thrombocythemia • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Genetic Disorders • Graft versus Host Disease • Hematological Disorders • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Myelofibrosis • Thrombocytosis • Transplantation

Defibrotide Therapy for Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease Following Liver Transplantation: A Case Series (ACG 2026) - "However, bleeding risk requires careful consideration, as seen in the second case. Further research is needed to determine the safety and efficacy of defibrotide for VOD in liver transplant patients."

Clinical • Bone Marrow Transplantation • Fibrosis • Hematological Disorders • Hepatology • Immunology • Primary Biliary Cholangitis • Transplant Rejection • Transplantation

Small Virus, Big Implications: Utility of Torque Teno Viral Titers in Post Liver Transplant Recipients With Graft Dysfunction and Opportunistic Infections in Immunosuppression Titration and Complication Management (ACG 2026) - "Case Description/ Patient 1 is a 43-year-old (y.o.) female with history of LT for liver failure from infliximab presenting 1.5 years post-LT with suboptimal IS levels and high LFTs...Our cases highlight the role of TTV use in evaluating and guiding management of post-LT complications without the potential drawbacks of serial drug or LFT assessment. Further prospective studies are needed to further clarify standardized TTV thresholds, long term outcomes, and potential for multimodal protocols for post-LT management strategies and recipient immune status."

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Fibrosis • Gastroenterology • Hepatology • Hypotension • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Liver Cirrhosis • Liver Failure • Nephrology • Renal Disease • Solid Organ Transplantation • Transplantation

Renal transplant in sensitized patients: SIUT experience (TTS 2026) - "T and B cell FCXM was performed using polyclonal rabbit anti-human IgG/FITC, mean channel shift (MCS) >60 for T cells and >90 for B cells was considered positive...Desensitization included rituximab one month pre-transplant, 7–10 plasmapheresis sessions with IVIG 100 mg/kg after each session, one cycle of bortezomib and IVIG 2 g/kg one day before transplant... Immunological risk stratification using CDC, FCXM and SAB provides an effective framework for evaluating sensitized renal transplant recipients. Categorizing patients by degree of sensitization enables modification of desensitization therapy. Integrating multiple assays into pre-transplant evaluation may improve risk assessment and therapeutic decision-making."

Clinical • Transplant Rejection • Transplantation

FORUM: Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Children and Adolescents With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2/3 | N=1800 | Recruiting | Sponsor: St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2025 ➔ Jun 2030

Trial primary completion date • Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Oncology • Transplantation

Safety and Efficacy of VA Combined with Modified BuCy Conditioning Regimen Followed By Allo-HSCT for High-Risk or Refractory/Relapsed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia : A Prospective, Single-Center, Single-Arm Clinical Trial (ASH 2024) - "All patients received 7-day courses of venetoclax (200mg/d on days -17 to -11) and 7-day courses of azacytidine (75mg/m2/d on days -17 to -11) combined with mBuCy conditioning regimen consisting of Me-CCNU 250 mg/m2/d on day -10, cytarabine 2 g/m2 every 12 h on days -9 to -8, busulfan 0.8 mg/kg every 6 h on days -7 to -5, and cyclophosphamide 1.8 g/m2/d on days -4 to -3...Rabbit antithymocyte globulin was given at 2.5mg/kg/d on days -5 to -2 except for matched sibling donors...By the end of the follow-up period, the incidences of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) activation were 25% (5 out of 20) and 40% (8 out of 20), respectively. Conclusion : Our study suggests that the VA regimen combined with modified BuCy shows good tolerability, significantly decreases the relapse rate, and prolongs long-term survival in high-risk or refractory/relapsed ALL patients."

Clinical • Acute Graft versus Host Disease • Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia • Bone Marrow Transplantation • Chronic Graft versus Host Disease • Cytomegalovirus Infection • Epstein-Barr Virus Infections • Graft versus Host Disease • Hepatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Septic Shock • KMT2A

Kidney transplantation in proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immune deposits (pgnmid): a case series (TTS 2026) - "She started plasma cell directed therapy (PCDT) with daratumumab (DARA) and bortezomib (BOR) for 8 month (mos), followed by DARA maintenance...Her calculated panel reactive antibody (cPRA) was 89% and she was induced with 6mg/kg thymoglobulin (THYMO) and maintained on tacrolimus (TAC), Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) and prednisone (PRED)...She was treated with rituximab, progressed and then received 6 mos of cyclophosphamide, BOR, and dexamethasone (DEX) with some renal response...She presented for KT evaluation and PCDT was initiated with isatuximab, BOR, and DEX for 6 mos followed by monthly DARA for 14 mos prior to LRT... PGNMID is a form of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Renal Significance with a high recurrence rate post- KT. Transplant Centers should have a systematic approach to the pre and PT management of these pts with aggressive treatment pre- transplant, active surveillance PT and close collaboration with hematology. UCSF Kidney Transplant PGNMID Protocol"

Clinical • Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease • Chronic Kidney Disease • Glomerulonephritis • Hematological Disorders • Lupus Nephritis • Monoclonal Gammopathy • Nephrology • Polycystic Kidney Disease • Renal Disease • Transplantation • ERBB3

Risk Factors for Cytomegalovirus Infection after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Using Rabbit Anti-thymocyte Globulin or Porcine Anti-human T Lymphocyte Immunoglobulin in the Letermovir Era. (PubMed, Transplant Cell Ther) - "Despite LTV prophylaxis, csCMVi remains frequent in T-cell-depleted recipients. Acute GVHD is a key risk factor. Different anti-thymocyte globulin preparations are associated with distinct CMV risk profiles and early viral kinetics. These findings warrant further validation and investigation of their clinical implications in the LTV era."

Journal • Preclinical • Acute Graft versus Host Disease • Cytomegalovirus Infection • Graft versus Host Disease • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Transplantation

Immune cell and serum cytokine dynamics in islet transplant recipients receiving Belatacept/Sirolimus versus Tacrolimus/Mycophenolate (TTS 2026) - "Bela/Siro promotes early enrichment of regulatory immune subsets, including Tregs, pDCs and Breg-like cells, with distinct CD8+T-cell and innate immune recovery patterns, while maintaining comparable systemic cytokine profiles. These immunoregulatory features may contribute to improved transplant outcomes."

Clinical • Immune cell • Transplantation • B3GAT1 • CD27 • CD8 • FOXP3 • GZMA • IFNG • IL10 • IL17A • IL2 • IL4 • IL6 • TNFA

CAR-Tregs synergize with anti-thymocyte globulin and rapamycin to delay skin allograft rejection (TTS 2026) - "To reflect the clinical context in which A2-CAR Tregs are being tested, we aimed to investigate the ability of a combination therapy including anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG, rabbit anti-mouse), rapamycin, and A2-CAR-Tregs to delay rejection in a model of F1 (BALB/c x B6.HLA-A2) skin to C57BL/6J mice (B6 mice) recipient transplant model. These data show that A2-CAR-Tregs synergize with ATG and rapamycin and can be used clinically as a combination therapy for solid-organ transplantation. The findings have important implications for the application of A2-CAR Treg therapy in humans."

CAR T-Cell Therapy • Infectious Disease • Solid Organ Transplantation • Transplant Rejection • CD8 • FOXP3

Encore presentation: The ConfIdeS study: Imlifidase desensitization results in timelier transplant with superior 1-year eGFR among highly sensitized patients compared to control (TTS 2026) - "Participants were randomized 1:1 to imlifidase desensitization or control (any combination of PLEX, IVIG, anti-CD20, eculizumab, or waiting a more compatible organ). The imlifidase arm received rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin induction and triple maintenance immunosuppression with corticosteroids, mycophenolic acid, and tacrolimus... Imlifidase significantly increased immediate transplant rates and met the primary endpoint by improving 1-year kidney function compared with heterogeneous, institution-specific desensitization strategies. The variability of control treatments highlighted the absence of a standardized alternative approach. Imlifidase was generally well tolerated with no unexpected safety concerns."

Clinical • Chronic Kidney Disease • Transplantation

Clinical outcome with low dose CMV prophylaxis in Indian kidney transplant recipients (TTS 2026) - "24 patients received Basiliximab induction, 25 rabbit-anti-thymocyte globulin (r-ATG) and 26 did not receive any induction agent besides steroids...One out of 75 patients developed CMV disease during follow up, and received IV ganciclovir therapy... Low dose valganciclovir seems to be effective in preventing CMV in low risk(R+) transplants but continues to be poorly tolerated with high incidence of leucopenia. Long term follow-up will assess the impact on burden of CMV disease and graft and patient survival."

Clinical • Clinical data • Cytomegalovirus Infection • Hematological Disorders • Infectious Disease • Leukopenia • Nephrology • Transplantation

CMV specific cell mediated immunity profile in Indian kidney transplant recipients (TTS 2026) - "24 patients received Basiliximab induction, 39 rabbit-anti-thymocyte globulin (r-ATG) and 37 did not receive any induction agent besides steroids. About half of patients developed CMV CMI at 1 month in our study population. Discontinuing valganciclovir in these patients may avoid anti-viral adverse effects and cost of therapy. References: De Keyzer K, Van Laecke S, Peeters P, Vanholder R. Human cytomegalovirus and kidney transplantation: a clinician's update."

Clinical • Cytomegalovirus Infection • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Renal Disease • Transplantation

Equine antithymocyte globulin versus Basiliximab for induction immunosuppression in living donor kidney transplantation: efficacy safety and feasibility in low resource setting (TTS 2026) - "Furthermore, Rabbit ATG is costly. Induction therapy with equine ATG (eATG) in low immunological risk recipients demonstrated a favorable safety profile, characterized by a lower incidence of BPAR and infectious complications. Furthermore, intermediate-term follow-up revealed that the use of eATG offers significant cost benefits in resource-limited settings such as Sri Lanka."

Clinical • Infectious Disease • Transplant Rejection • Transplantation

A case of severe mixed rejection after a living kidney transplant with a cadaveric donor vein (TTS 2026) - "The patient received induction basiliximab, methylprednisolone, and was maintained on tacrolimus (levels 7-8μg/L), mycophenolate mofetil 1g twice daily and prednisolone...She was treated with three pulses of intravenous methylprednisolone 500mg and is now maintained on monthly IVIG, tacrolimus (levels 7-9μg/L), mycophenolate 500mg three times daily, and prednisolone 10mg with serum creatinine 90μmol/L... This case highlights a complicated case of rejection in the setting of a third-party VA. While antibody-mediated rejection with dnDSAs to both donor kidney and VA were observed, the anti-VA dnDSAs were stronger and more varied. We believe the presence of the VA may have been the driver of the rejection we observed."

Clinical • Antibody-mediated Rejection • Hematological Disorders • Inflammation • Neutropenia • Transplantation • HLA-DRB1

Urinary ascites after kidney transplant: An unusual cause of rapid abdominal distension and rising creatinine (TTS 2026) - "The immediate postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged with a serum creatinine of 0.89 mg/dL on triple immunosuppression (tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisolone)... Urinary ascites is an uncommon but important cause of abdominal distension and graft dysfunction after kidney transplantation. High clinical suspicion, prompt imaging, and biochemical analysis of ascitic fluid are essential for early diagnosis. Timely urinary diversion and drainage can preserve graft function and prevent further complications."

Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • Coronary Artery Disease • Diabetes • Diabetic Nephropathy • Glomerulonephritis • Hypertension • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Transplantation • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus • Urinary Incontinence

Clinical outcomes across induction strategies in ABO-Incompatible kidney transplantation: A real-world analysis (TTS 2026) - "Patients were classified according to induction therapy into the thymoglobulin group (n=20) and the basiliximab group (n=41)... In ABOi KT, the choice of induction therapy was not associated with differences in DGF, graft function, dnDSA, rejection or survival outcomes despite a higher baseline immunologic risk in the thymoglobulin group. However, thymoglobulin use was linked to a higher incidence of CMV infection, suggesting a trade-off between immunologic control and infectious complications. These findings support a risk-stratified approach to induction therapy selection, taking into account both pre-transplant immunologic burden and susceptibility to infection."

Clinical • Clinical data • Real-world • Real-world evidence • Cytomegalovirus Infection • Infectious Disease • Transplant Rejection • Transplantation

ABO Incompatibility Living Donor Kidney Transplant in Malaysia: Multicenter Experiences and Outcomes (TTS 2026) - "Regarding desensitisation therapy, 66.4% received rituximab, 79% underwent pre-transplant DFPP, 41.6% had pre-transplant plasma exchange, 20.9% received immunoadsorption therapy, and 55.0% received IVIG. As for induction therapy, 75.8% received basiliximab, 23.4% received thymoglobulin, and 0.8% received both therapies... ABOi kidney transplant is feasible and safe, with improved success when patients receive adequate pre-transplant desensitisation therapy, resulting in favourable graft and patient outcomes in our cohort."

Clinical • Transplantation

A novel depleting anti-CD2 monoclonal antibody for induction of mixed chimerism and allograft tolerance in nonhuman primates (TTS 2026) - "However, substitution with rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (Thymoglobulin) resulted in inferior outcomes, including donor-specific antibody (DSA) development and chronic rejection...Animals then underwent combined kidney and bone marrow transplantation (CKBMT) and received anti-CD154 (2–4 doses of 20 mg/kg during the first two post-transplant weeks) and a 28-day course of cyclosporine, after which immunosuppression was withdrawn... This novel anti-CD2 mAb induces higher and more durable myeloid and lymphoid chimerism than Thymoglobulin and achieves chimerism comparable to ATGAM. These effects appear to be associated with prolonged depletion of CD8 TEMs. While long-term graft outcomes are still under evaluation, the superior chimerism induction observed with anti-CD2 suggests the potential for improved transplant outcomes compared with Thymoglobulin."

Bone Marrow Transplantation • Immune Modulation • Immunology • Transplant Rejection • CD4 • CD40LG • CD8

Long term outcomes with Belatacept use in pancreas transplantation (TTS 2026) - "34 patients (EBV+) received Belatacept (2 de novo and 32 conversions) due to severe kidney dysfunction with chronic histological damage (5), CNI toxicity (15), pancreas dysfunction (4), AMR or DSA Ab (8), high cardiovascular risk (1) and a partial pancreas (1). Tacrolimus was minimized in 16 cases and discontinued in 18. Table 1 Reasons for Belatacept use With a mean f/u of 83mo, there were 17 rejection episodes (5Kid, 8Pan, 4KP) at 43mo (5-100)."

Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Diabetic Nephropathy • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Transplantation

Eplet mismatch does not predict outcomes in living related kidney transplantation as induction therapy overrides molecular risk (TTS 2026) - "Induction therapy included: • Thymoglobulin® • Grafalon® • Basiliximab • Steroid-onlyInduction regiemen, immunogenic eplet burden and graft function Patients were classified as stable or graft dysfunction... In this living-related transplant cohort, eplet mismatch did not perform as expected from existing models. Neither DR nor Class I mismatch alone reliably predicted graft outcomes. Instead, the data suggest a more layered biology."

Biomarker • Antibody-mediated Rejection • Transplantation

Surgical outcomes in elderly kidney transplantation recipients (TTS 2026) - "IVIG use was associated with a significantly higher rate of all wound complications (45.8% vs 22.2%, p=0.008), though basiliximab, methylpred and thymoglobulin had no significant associations... Elderly patients ≥65 undergoing renal transplantation have a higher mortality rate in the first 90 days compared to those <65 years. However, overall there is no significant difference between post-operative surgical complications. Infection remains an important cause of early mortality in elderly patients."

Clinical • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage • Transplantation

Kidney transplantation outcome in Malaysia's national public sector program: A decade's analysis of 1113 transplants (TTS 2026) - "Malaysia's public-sector kidney transplant program demonstrates excellent short-term outcomes despite prolonged dialysis exposure prior to transplantation. However, markedly longer dialysis vintage and higher delayed graft function in DDKT remain important challenges, highlighting the urgent need to expand deceased organ donation and facilitate earlier access to transplantation in middle-income healthcare systems."

Nephrology • Transplant Rejection • Transplantation

Desensitization-enabled kidney transplantation in hypersensitized recipients: A single-center experience with early outcomes (TTS 2026) - "In this single-center annual cohort, hypersensitized recipients accounted for 12% of kidney transplants. Individualized desensitization protocols incorporating DFPP, IVIG, rituximab, and rATG enabled successful transplantation with acceptable early outcomes. These findings support desensitization as a viable and effective strategy, particularly when conventional allocation pathways are limited, and underscore the importance of developing structured programs to expand transplant access for sensitized patients."

Clinical • Antibody-mediated Rejection • Transplant Rejection • Transplantation