theophylline sodium glycinate / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Computational exploration of acefylline derivatives as MAO-B inhibitors for Parkinson's disease: insights from molecular docking, DFT, ADMET, and molecular dynamics approaches. (PubMed, Front Chem) - "Among them, five acefylline derivatives, namely, MAO-B14, MAO-B15, MAO-B16, MAO-B20, and MAO-B21, displayed binding affinities comparable to the both standards istradefylline and safinamide. These results were also validated by simulation-based binding free energies via the molecular mechanics energies combined with generalized Born and surface area solvation (MM-GBSA) method. However, it is necessary to conduct in vitro and in vivo experiments to confirm and validate these findings in future studies."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Assessment of Bitterness in Non-Charged Pharmaceuticals with a Taste Sensor: A Study on Substances with Xanthine Scaffold and Allopurinol. (PubMed, Molecules) - "In this study, the authors modified a taste sensor with 3-bromo-2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid and used it in conjunction with sensory tests to assess the bitterness of non-charged pharmaceuticals with xanthine scaffolds (i.e., acefylline and doxofylline), as well as allopurinol, an analogue of hypoxanthine. Additionally, this study extended the application of the sensor to detect pentoxifylline, an active pharmaceutical ingredient in pediatric medicines. These results underscore the taste sensor's value as an additional tool for early-stage assessment and prediction of bitterness in non-charged pharmaceuticals."

Journal • Pediatrics

Theophylline-based hybrids as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors endowed with anti-inflammatory activity: synthesis, bioevaluation, in silico and preliminary kinetic studies. (PubMed, RSC Adv) - "Out of 28 tested hybrids, two hybrids, acefylline-eugenol 6d and acefylline-isatin 19, were able to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) at low micromolar concentration displaying IC values of 1.8 and 3.3 μM, respectively, when compared to the galantamine standard AChE inhibitor. Finally, the compounds demonstrated stability in simulated gastric and intestinal environments, suggesting potential absorption into the bloodstream without significant hydrolysis. These findings highlight the possible therapeutic potential of acefylline-eugenol 6d and acefylline-isatin 19 hybrids in targeting multiple pathological mechanisms involved in AD, offering promising avenues for further development as potential treatments for this devastating disease."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Oncology • Pain • IL1B • IL6 • NOS3 • TNFA

Repositioning of acefylline as anti-cancer drug: Synthesis, anticancer and computational studies of azomethines derived from acefylline tethered 4-amino-3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole. (PubMed, PLoS One) - "Their hemolytic and thrombolytic studies showed that all of these drugs had very low cytotoxicity and moderate clot lysis activity. Compound 7g (0.26% hemolysis) and 7k (52.1% clot lysis) were the least toxic and moderate thrombolytic agents respectively."

Journal • Gastrointestinal Cancer • Hematological Disorders • Hepatology • Liver Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

In-vitro cytotoxic evaluation, hemolytic and thrombolytic potential of newly designed acefylline based hydrazones as potent anticancer agents against human lung cancer cell line (A549). (PubMed, Pak J Pharm Sci) - "Compound 5g with cell viability 33.19±0.49% (100 μg/μL) compared to the starting reference drug acefylline having cell viability 86.32±11.75% (100 μg/μL) was found to be the most active anticancer agent among all. The synthesized derivatives were also exposed to hemolytic and thrombolytic studies to determine their cytotoxic profile and results revealed their low toxicity and moderate clot lysis activity."

Journal • Preclinical • Lung Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Computational, biochemical and ex vivo evaluation of xanthine derivatives against phosphodiesterases to enhance the sperm motility. (PubMed, J Biomol Struct Dyn) - "Isothermal titration calorimetry studies revealed that acefylline has better affinity towards PDE4A, PDE4D and PDE10A, when compared to dyphylline and proxyphylline. In addition, ex vivo studies corroborated in vitro binding studies that acefylline has much superior sperm motility enhancement property on human ejaculated spermatozoa and mouse testicular spermatozoa compared to dyphylline and proxyphylline.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."

Journal • Preclinical • Respiratory Diseases

Validated Smart Different Chromatographic Methods for Selective Quantification of Acefylline Piperazine, Phenobarbital Sodium and Methylparaben Additive in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form. (PubMed, J Chromatogr Sci) - "Both methods were validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines and statistically compared with a reported high-performance liquid chromatograph method. Planar chromatography has never been proposed in the literature for ACEF and PHENO determination besides the proposed columnar chromatographic method using an isocratic eco-friendly mobile phase."

Journal

Synthesis, Hemolytic Studies, and In Silico Modeling of Novel Acefylline-1,2,4-Triazole Hybrids as Potential Anti-cancer Agents against MCF-7 and A549. (PubMed, ACS Omega) - "Their hemolytic studies revealed that all of them had very low cytotoxicity. Finally, in silico modeling was carried out to find the mode of binding of the highly active compound (11g), which was according to the results of anti-cancer activity."

Journal • Oncology