saxagliptin / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Versus DPP-4 Inhibitors and 1-Year Outcomes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease With Type 2 Diabetes or Obesity: A Propensity-Matched Analysis (ACG 2026) - " Using the TriNetX Research Network of 111 healthcare organizations, we identified adults with Crohnâs disease or ulcerative colitis and T2DM or BMI â¥30 kg/m2 receiving GLP-1RA therapy (semaglutide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, or tirzepatide) or DPP-4i therapy (sitagliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, or alogliptin)... After matching, 11,720 GLP-1RA users were compared with 11,720 DPP-4i users. GLP-1RA use was associated with lower hospitalization (25.0% vs 31.4%; RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.76-0.83), mortality (3.1% vs 6.0%; RR 0.52, 95% CI 0.46-0.59), systemic corticosteroid initiation (14.4% vs 16.2%; RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.81-0.98), IBD-related bowel surgery (0.6% vs 1.0%; RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.45-0.81), C. difficile infection (1.0% vs 1.4%; RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.54-0.88), bowel obstruction (1.6% vs 2.1%; RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.64-0.95), and advanced IBD therapy initiation or escalation (2.0% vs 2.6%; RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.65-0.92). Gastroparesis did not differ (0.7% vs 0.8%; RR 0.89,..."

Crohn's disease • Diabetes • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Genetic Disorders • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus • Ulcerative Colitis

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists vs DPP-4 Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Liver Transplant Recipients: A Propensity Score-Matched Active Comparator New-User Analysis of 3,606 Patients (ACG 2026) - "Adults with liver transplant status (Z94.4) and type 2 diabetes (E11.x) or obesity (E66.x) who were new users of GLP-1RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide) or DPP-4i (sitagliptin, saxagliptin, alogliptin, linagliptin) were identified using a 365-day washout for both drug classes... After matching, 1,803 pairs were identified. Post-match standardized mean differences were < 0.10 for all demographic and clinical covariates. GLP-1RA was associated with significantly lower 3-point MACE (HR 0.82, 95%CI 0.69â0.97, p=0.001)."

Clinical • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Diabetes • Genetic Disorders • Heart Failure • Ischemic stroke • Metabolic Disorders • Myocardial Infarction • Obesity • Pancreatitis • Transplant Rejection • Transplantation • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Response surface methodology-optimized microwell spectrophotometric method for saxagliptin quantitation: a sustainable, high-throughput approach for pharmaceutical quality control. (PubMed, Anal Methods) - "The method was evaluated using the Environmental, Practicality, and Performance Index (EPPI) tool, achieving a total score of 82.1%, classifying it as a "green method" with perfect or near-perfect performance in sample preparation, reagent consumption, and instrumentation. In summary, the proposed MW-SPM method offers an optimal balance of speed, simplicity, sensitivity, throughput, and sustainability, making it a highly attractive alternative for routine pharmaceutical quality control of SAX."

Journal

Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors Associated Heart Failure Events in Adult Patients With Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated With Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (PubMed, Endocrinol Diabetes Metab) - "Results should be interpreted with caution because of several limitations of the study."

Clinical • Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Diabetes • Heart Failure • Metabolic Disorders • Pediatrics • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Saxagliptin Combined with Liraglutide vs. Saxagliptin Alone on Microinflammation and Adipokines in Obese T2DM Patients with Poor Metformin Response. (PubMed, J Vis Exp) - "This method provides a reproducible framework for assessing combined pharmacological strategies in obese T2DM patients with suboptimal response to first-line therapy and may support further clinical and translational investigations. Key words: Saxagliptin; Liraglutide; Obesity-related type 2 diabetes; inflammatory response; Microinflammatory response."

Journal • Retrospective data • Diabetes • Genetic Disorders • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Pheochromocytoma unmasked by rapid deterioration of previously stable type 2 diabetes. (PubMed, JCEM Case Rep) - "A 46-year-old man with a 15-year history of type 2 diabetes had maintained hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) around 6.5% (SI: 48 mmol/mol) (reference range, 4.7%-6.2% [28-44 mmol/mol]) for approximately 12 years on saxagliptin monotherapy, but glycemic control worsened over 1 year despite additional ipragliflozin and metformin. Antihypertensive and glucose-lowering medications were discontinued postoperatively, and glycemic control remained stable without antidiabetic medication at 6 months. This case highlights pheochromocytoma as a reversible endocrine cause of rapid worsening of previously stable type 2 diabetes."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Endocrine Cancer • Metabolic Disorders • Oncology • Pain • Solid Tumor • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Reversal of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway attenuates gestational diabetes mellitus-induced offspring cardiac hypertrophy: mechanistic insights into pathological remodeling. (PubMed, Nutr Diabetes) - "Collectively, these findings provide compelling evidence that dysregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin/Tcf7l2 pathway constitutes a critical mediator in GDM-induced cardiac hypertrophy, and highlight saxagliptin as a potential therapeutic strategy to mitigate adverse cardiac outcomes in GDM offspring."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Gestational Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • TCF7L2

Reassessing the risk-modifying effects of novel antidiabetic agents on asthma-COPD overlap syndrome: a dose-stratified network meta-analysis of 316,832 adults from 128 randomised trials. (PubMed, EClinicalMedicine) - "Canagliflozin (RR 0.62, 95% CI 0.40-0.97), empagliflozin (0.70, 0.51-0.95), dapagliflozin (0.76, 0.63-0.92), and injectable semaglutide (0.64, 0.49-0.84) were associated with lower ACOS risk than control...Saxagliptin was associated with higher asthma risk (2.09, 1.01-4.33)...These findings support further prospective evaluation. Taiwan National Science and Technology Council."

Journal • Retrospective data • Asthma • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Diabetes • Immunology • Metabolic Disorders • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Protein Kinase B (PI3K/AKT) and Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain-like Receptor Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 (NLRP3) Inflammasome Modulation Underlies the Neuroprotective Effects of Vildagliptin in a Rotenone-Induced Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. (PubMed, ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci) - "In silico analyses, including molecular docking as well as molecular dynamics simulation, demonstrate good binding affinity as well as stable interaction of vildagliptin with PI3K (4YKN) and NLRP3 (7ALV) proteins in comparison to other DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, and alogliptin). These findings collectively suggest that vildagliptin rendered neuroprotection by PI3K/AKT activation and inhibition of NLRP3-mediated neuroinflammation and apoptosis. In conclusion, we can say that vildagliptin possesses definitive neuroprotective potential as a disease-modifying therapy that warrants further clinical exploration."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Diabetes • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus • IL1B • NLRC5 • NLRP3

Aspartame may promote erectile dysfunction via DPP4-mediated endothelial dysfunction and apoptosis: evidence from network toxicology, molecular dynamics simulation, and experimental validation. (PubMed, Front Nutr) - "In vitro, aspartame impaired endothelial cell migration, increased DPP4 and Bax expression, and decreased p-eNOS/eNOS and Bcl-2 expression, whereas saxagliptin partially reversed these effects. Aspartame may promote ED progression by inducing endothelial dysfunction and apoptosis, with DPP4 emerging as a potential key target."

IO biomarker • Journal • Erectile Dysfunction • BAX • BCL2 • DPP4 • HIF1A • HRAS • NOS3

Long-Term Impact of Early Oral Antidiabetic Therapy on Insulin Secretion Phases in Individuals with Prediabetes (PreDM): Insights from Hyperglycemic Clamp Studies (ADA 2026) - "Hyperglycemic clamp studies (HC) enable detailed assessment of first- and second-phase insulin secretion (ISecr), yet comparative longitudinal data across drug classes among individuals with PreDM remains limited. Sixty PreDM subjects were studied and treated with either metformin (MET n=15), pioglitazone (PIO n=15), saxagliptin (SAXA n=15), or dapagliflozin (DAPA n=15) for 2 years. Treatment with antidiabetic agents for two years improved first phase ISecr and maintained second phase ISecr in individuals with PreDM, which carries a ~10% annual risk of progression to type 2 diabetes. Intervening early with pharmacological treatment can improve beta-cell function and modify the natural course toward progression to diabetes."

Clinical • Late-breaking abstract • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

METTL3 inhibition attenuates AFB1-induced hepatic fibrosis by suppressing m6A-mediated hepatic stellate cell activation. (PubMed, J Anim Sci Biotechnol) - "These findings indicate that METTL3 functions as a post-transcriptional regulator in AFB1-induced liver fibrosis via m6A modification. METTL3 inhibition, achieved via genetic knockdown or selective inhibitors, affects HSC activation and fibrotic gene expression, supporting its role as a therapeutic target in AFB1-induced liver fibrosis."

Journal • Review • Fibrosis • Hepatocellular Cancer • Hepatology • Immunology • Liver Cirrhosis • Liver Failure • Oncology • Solid Tumor • METTL3

Design, synthesis, and inhibition of oxidative, amyloidogenic, and cholinergic dysfunction of Saxagliptin-derived Schiff bases against STZ-induced sporadic AD-like pathology. (PubMed, Eur J Pharmacol) - "Remarkably, derivatives 3c and 3e showed superior free-radical scavenging and greater regulation of redox biomarkers, which were associated with healthy, defined hippocampal cytoarchitecture and reduced neuronal pyknosis and necrosis compared with SXG. Additionally, 3e showed strong therapeutic efficacy by targeting oxidative stress, cholinergic, and amyloidogenic pathways synchronously."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Diabetes • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Pain • Aβ42

Association Between Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Use and Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: A Disproportionality Analysis Based on the FAERS. (PubMed, In Vivo) - "This study suggests that some DPP4is, including linagliptin, sitagliptin and vildagliptin, are associated with AKI, even without concomitant use of an AKI inducer. Given the widespread use of DPP4is and the severity of AKI, clinicians should be sufficiently informed about their potential relationship."

Journal • Acute Kidney Injury • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Renal Disease

Identification of Reactive Metabolites of Acetaminophen and Saxagliptin in Human Hepatocytes and Hepatic Organoids. (PubMed, Pharmaceutics) - "Moreover, CYP1A2 induction using omeprazole treatment increased the formation of AAP and AAP-GSH conjugate from phenacetin, reflecting enhanced CYP1A2 activity in both CHHs and HHOs. Additionally, CHHs and HHOs exhibited similar saxagliptin metabolite profiles after incubation with saxagliptin and generated cysteine conjugates of saxagliptin and its hydroxylated metabolite. HHOs system can be used as an in vitro model for screening reactive metabolites, comparable to those obtained with CHHs."

Journal • CYP1A2

Cardiovascular Effects of Alogliptin, Linagliptin, Saxagliptin, and Sitagliptin: A Target Trial Emulation of a Comparative Effectiveness Study. (PubMed, Endocr Pract) - "Risks of MACE, HHF, and hypoglycemia were comparable with all DPP4i. Choice of medication may be determined based on local availability."

HEOR • Journal • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Diabetes • Heart Failure • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Myocardial Infarction • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Exploring the anti-tumor potential of saxagliptin in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. (PubMed, Wiad Lek) - " SAXA showed promising anti-cancer action against A549 cells. Although the combination with CP did not boost cytotoxicity, the observed pro-apoptotic reduction in BCL2 implies potential therapeutic efficacy."

IO biomarker • Journal • Lung Adenocarcinoma • Lung Cancer • Non Small Cell Lung Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • BAX • BCL2

Multicomponent Salts of the Antidiabetic Agent Saxagliptin: Hydration-Assisted Assembly and Lipophilic Aggregation with Carboxylic Acids. (PubMed, ACS Omega) - "The crystal structures determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction are further supported by thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and molecular modeling. This work provides design elements for developing multicomponent salts of SAX and related lipophilic, adamantane-bearing APIs."

Journal • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Comparative Incidence of Bullous Pemphigoid in Patients Treated with DPP-4 Inhibitors Versus Metformin: A Retrospective Cohort Study (AAD 2026) - "Patients with BP diagnoses following treatment with metformin or a DPP-4 inhibitor (alogliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, linagliptin) were identified using ICD-10 and CPT codes. In this large cohort, DPP-4 inhibitors were associated with greater BP risk compared with metformin, with linagliptin showing the strongest effect. Clinicians should maintain awareness of this potential adverse outcome and consider closer dermatologic monitoring or alternative therapies in high-risk patients. Further investigation is warranted to clarify mechanisms and inform safer prescribing practices."

Retrospective data • Bullous Pemphigoid • Dermatology • Dermatopathology • Diabetes • Immunology • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Pharmacogenomic study of the effects of saxagliptin on glucose control and hypoglycemic events. (PubMed, BMC Med Genomics) - No abstract available

Biomarker • Journal • Hypoglycemia

EVALUATION OF DIABETES-RELATED DISTRESS USING THE PAID QUESTIONNAIRE IN A HEMODIALYSIS PATIENT WITH DIABETIC POLYNEUROPATHY (ISN-WCN 2026) - "For diabetes, he had been taking saxagliptin 5 mg once daily and repaglinide 0.25 mg three times daily. After acute pancreatitis, these were discontinued and replaced with GLP-1 receptor agonist dulaglutide 0.75 mg weekly subcutaneously...Given the difficulty of nerve conduction studies [4], simplified diagnostic criteria [1] offer a practical alternative. Clinicians should address both neuropathic severity and diabetes-related distress to optimize care and potentially reduce cardiovascular risk [1,2]."

Clinical • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Diabetic Neuropathy • Diabetic Retinopathy • Genetic Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity • Orthopedics • Pain • Pancreatitis • Renal Disease • Retinal Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

DPP-4 inhibitors for preventing post-stroke cognitive impairment in diabetic patients with acute ischemic stroke: a retrospective cohort study. (PubMed, Am J Transl Res) - "DPP-4i can lower PSCI risk in T2DM+AIS patients. Its mechanism involves multi-dimensional effects like anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, insulin sensitivity enhancement, and neuroprotection."

Journal • Retrospective data • Alzheimer's Disease • Cardiovascular • Cognitive Disorders • Diabetes • Inflammation • Ischemic stroke • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus • BDNF

Musculoskeletal adverse events with incretin-based diabetes drugs: a FAERS pharmacovigilance study. (PubMed, Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol) - "Sex-, age-, and weight-related differences were noted for dulaglutide, liraglutide, semaglutide, sitagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin, and saxagliptin. Median onset was shorter for GLP-1 RAs and tirzepatide (≤ 30 days) and longer for DPP-4is (55-132 days), with vildagliptin latest...Musculoskeletal AEs associated with incretin therapies differ by drug class and onset timing. Vigilant monitoring is needed during early GLP-1 RA or tirzepatide therapy and later during DPP-4i use to optimize patient safety."

Adverse events • Journal • Back Pain • Diabetes • Immunology • Metabolic Disorders • Muscular Atrophy • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Musculoskeletal Pain • Osteoarthritis • Pain • Rheumatology • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Assessing the therapeutic effects of DPP4 Inhibitors on TGF-β2-induced Lens Opacity. (PubMed, Exp Eye Res) - "In this study, we evaluated the potential efficacy of DPP4 inhibitors-specifically Sitagliptin, Saxagliptin, and Vildagliptin-in mitigating TGF-β-induced EMT in LECs. Notably, lens explant cultures treated with Vildagliptin showed a reduction in lens opacity induced by TGF-β2. These findings suggest that DPP4 inhibitors, particularly Vildagliptin, may offer a novel, non-invasive pharmacological approach to preventing PCO by targeting TGF-β signaling pathways."

Journal • Cataract • Fibrosis • Ophthalmology • FN1 • TGFB1 • VIM

Heterogeneous effect of saxagliptin on glucose fluctuation and β-cell function in T1DM: a multicentre, randomised trial. (PubMed, Nutr Diabetes) - P4 | "In SAXA group, rs10305439, rs10305441 of GLP1R and rs6233 of PCSK1/3 were associated with HbA1c response (p = 0.026, 0.019, and 0.048 respectively); the G allele of rs2143734 of GLP1R were associated with lower change of fasting C-peptide from baseline (p = 0.029) The saxagliptin did not ameliorate glucose fluctuations; however, it appeared to maintain β-cell function to some extent, and SNPs in the incretin-related gene may indicate responsiveness to DPP-IV inhibitors in T1DM. Gov number, NCT02307695."

Heterogeneity • Journal • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus • PCSK1