Triesence (triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension) / Novartis, Harrow Health - LARVOL DELTA

Local therapy in uveitis: Current concepts and emerging strategies. (PubMed, Indian J Ophthalmol) - "Topical corticosteroids remain first-line for anterior uveitis, while periocular and intravitreal injections such as triamcinolone acetonide and dexamethasone implants (Ozurdex®) are effective for intermediate and posterior disease. Long-acting fluocinolone acetonide implants (Retisert®, Yutiq®) offer sustained control for chronic or recurrent cases, though ocular hypertension and cataract formation are common. The introduction of suprachoroidal corticosteroid delivery (Xipere®) allows precise posterior segment targeting with fewer anterior complications. Nonsteroidal intravitreal agents, including methotrexate and sirolimus, serve as steroid-sparing options, and topical immunomodulators such as cyclosporine and tacrolimus can be rarely used in chronic anterior uveitis. Emerging modalities like intravitreal biologics, nanocarrier systems, and gene-based delivery hold promise for long-term disease modulation. A tailored, evidence-based approach to..."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Cataract • Glaucoma • Inflammation • Macular Edema • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Uveitis

Sustained Intravitreal Delivery of Triamcinolone Acetonide via In Situ Forming Lipid Liquid Crystals: In-vitro and In-vivo evaluations. (PubMed, Pharm Dev Technol) - "In conclusion, LLC-based formulations of TA offer a promising strategy for sustained intravitreal drug delivery. Their biodegradability, ease of preparation, and ability to provide prolonged therapeutic levels highlight their potential for improving the management of posterior ocular diseases."

Journal • Preclinical • Ophthalmology

Development of hyaluronic acid-triamcinolone acetonide transparent formulation for efficient endotoxin-induced uveitis therapy. (PubMed, Int J Biol Macromol) - "Notably, HATA-360 showed statistically significant difference from PBS, but not Shincort, in reducing tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in an endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) model. Overall, the cytocompatability, transparent nature and spatial ocular accumulation of HATA-360 conjugate proved the soundness of our strategy for the development of safe and effective formulation free of cataract risk."

Journal • Cataract • Ocular Inflammation • Oncology • Ophthalmology • Uveitis • CCL2 • TNFA

Real-world management of chronic pseudophakic cystoid macular oedema: a descriptive case series of treatment timelines and escalation patterns. (PubMed, Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol) - "Management of chronic pCMO varied substantially, with a median 108-day delay before escalation to invasive therapies, reflecting caution to escalate. Among adjuvant therapies, the shortest observed resolution times were seen with periocular triamcinolone and intravitreal dexamethasone; anti-VEGF was used infrequently and in a small, selected subgroup, limiting interpretation of its observed outcomes. A median 40-day delay between referral and treatment initiation suggests potential for improved efficiency, particularly if initial topical therapy is commenced earlier by the referring optometrist. These findings raise the hypothesis that earlier escalation to periocular or intravitreal corticosteroid therapy after 6-8 weeks of inadequate topical response may improve outcomes, although this descriptive, hypothesis-generating case series-with small, non-randomised subgroups-cannot establish comparative treatment effectiveness; prospective evaluation would be required to test..."

Journal • Real-world evidence • Cataract • Diabetic Macular Edema • Macular Edema • Ophthalmology

Efficacy and Safety of Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide Alone or Combined with Intravitreal Bevacizumab in the Treatment of Macular Edema Secondary to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion. (PubMed, Beyoglu Eye J) - "Both treatment regimens provided comparable anatomical and visual improvements; however, combination therapy was associated with a more favorable safety profile. Although the use of IVTA has declined in contemporary clinical practice in favor of intravitreal dexamethasone implants, this study suggests that IVTA alone or in combination may still offer a viable and cost-effective alternative in regions where access to current therapies is limited or in low-resource settings."

Journal • Glaucoma • Macular Edema • Ophthalmology • Retinal Disorders • Retinal Vein Occlusion

Dropless Pars Plana Vitrectomy Using Intravitreal Decanted Triamcinolone and Moxifloxacin: Safety and Efficacy. (PubMed, Retina) - "A dropless intravitreal regimen at the conclusion of PPV can be a safe and effective alternative to topical therapy, with reduced postoperative inflammation and CME and improved visual outcomes."

Journal • Inflammation • Macular Edema • Ocular Infections • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Retinal Disorders

Intraocular Pressure Elevation After Suprachoroidal Triamcinolone Acetonide in Noninfectious Uveitis: An IRIS® Registry Study. (PubMed, Ophthalmol Glaucoma) - "In this large real-world cohort of patients with NIU, both SCS-TA and DEX were associated with higher risks of clinically significant IOP elevation compared with systemic therapy controls, with broadly similar incidence between the two CS delivery approaches. Although IOP-lowering medications were more frequently required, the overall incidence of glaucoma surgery remained low."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Glaucoma • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Uveitis

Late Cystoid Macular Edema Following Treated Bilateral Endogenous Endophthalmitis Due to Klebsiella pneumoniae: A Case Report. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Treatment included intravenous (IV) imipenem, ciprofloxacin, and metronidazole, combined with bilateral intravitreal injections of vancomycin and ceftazidime...Sub-Tenon triamcinolone acetonide proved effective and well-tolerated. Prolonged ophthalmologic follow-up with systematic macular OCT is warranted after treated EE to enable early detection and management of late inflammatory complications such as CME."

Journal • Allergy • Hepatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Macular Edema • Ocular Infections • Ocular Inflammation • Oncology • Ophthalmology • Pneumonia • IL6 • TNFA

Comparative efficacy of different treatment modalities in the management of macular oedema in retinitis pigmentosa: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. (PubMed, BMJ Open Ophthalmol) - "CAIs and DEXi demonstrated the greatest long-term anatomical benefit for RP-associated macular oedema, whereas durable BCVA gains remained limited across available therapies. While oral and topical CAIs showed comparable short-term efficacy, topical dorzolamide and DEXi provided greater long-term CMT reduction than oral CAIs. Given the limited number of studies and small sample sizes, these findings should be interpreted cautiously and validated in larger randomised controlled trials."

Clinical • Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Genetic Disorders • Inherited Retinal Dystrophy • Macular Edema • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Retinal Disorders • Retinitis Pigmentosa

Macular Neovascular Membrane as a Late Complication of Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy (APMPPE) Managed With Intravitreal Aflibercept. (PubMed, Case Rep Ophthalmol Med) - "The patient was treated with triamcinolone acetonide, an intravitreal injection in the right eye, and a posterior subtenon injection in the left eye...However, the fibrosis and atrophy resulting from the MNV contributed to only a partial recovery of VA. Long-term follow-up of patients with APMPPE is recommended for early detection and treatment of possible MNV development to improve functional outcomes."

Journal • Fibrosis • Hematological Disorders • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Retinal Disorders

Efficacy and safety of different intraocular therapies for non-infectious uveitis: A network meta-analysis. (PubMed, Surv Ophthalmol) - "Our meta-analysis included 9 randomized controlled trials and 1 retrospective case series, investigating the efficacy and safety profiles of intravitreal fluocinolone acetonide implant (FAi), intravitreal dexamethasone implant, intravitreal or suprachoroidal triamcinolone acetonide (SCTA), intravitreal methotrexate, intravitreal ranibizumab, and standard of care (SOC) for NIU...With regards to side effects, 0.59mg FAi was associated with a higher risk of 2-year and 3-year intraocular pressure elevation ≥10 mmHg when compared to SOC. Understanding the advantages and limitations of intraocular therapies is essential for initiating personalized treatment strategies in NIU."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Macular Edema • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Uveitis

Presumed Sterile Cluster Endophthalmitis following Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide: A Rare Case Series. (PubMed, Case Rep Ophthalmol) - "In a single operative theater setting, 8 patients received intravitreal anti-VEGF injections and 3 patients received a combination of anti-VEGF (ranibizumab) with triamcinolone acetonide (Aurocort)...Vitreous tap and core vitrectomy with intravitreal vancomycin, ceftazidime, and dexamethasone were performed in 2 patients...Early diagnosis, prompt vitrectomy, and intravitreal antibiotics with steroids are critical for favorable outcomes. The visual prognosis is generally good and depends largely on timely intervention and the status of the underlying retinal disease."

Journal • Diabetic Macular Edema • Inflammation • Macular Edema • Ocular Infections • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Pain • Retinal Disorders

Place of New Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Agents in Recalcitrant Radiation Maculopathy: Case Reports. (PubMed, Case Rep Ophthalmol) - "Though three consecutive posterior subtenon 20 mg triamcinolone acetonide injections within 20 months, followed by two intravitreal 1.25 mg bevacizumab injections together with scatter peripheric laser treatment within 8 months, were given, there was persistent severe macular edema, peripheral retinal ischemia, and retinal neovascularizations (NVEs)...Despite administering more durable agents (faricimab and aflibercept 8 mg) even monthly, there were modest anatomical and visual improvements in both cases with recalcitrant radiation maculopathy. Our observations were preliminary clinical observations, rather than definitive evidence, regarding the efficacy of faricimab and aflibercept 8 mg in radiation maculopathy."

Journal • Age-related Macular Degeneration • Cardiovascular • Choroidal Melanomas • Eye Cancer • Macular Degeneration • Macular Edema • Melanoma • Ocular Melanoma • Oncology • Ophthalmology • Retinal Disorders • Solid Tumor • Uveal Melanoma

Suprachoroidal Triamcinolone Plus Intravitreal Bevacizumab Versus Bevacizumab Alone for Diabetic Macular Edema in Pseudophakic Eyes: A randomized controlled trial. (PubMed, Pak J Med Sci) - P4 | "To determine the efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) monotherapy versus a combination of IVB and suprachoroidal triamcinolone acetonide (SCTA) followed by monthly IVB in pseudophakic eyes with center-involving diabetic macular edema (DME)...RCT Registration No.: ClinicalTrials.gov. (NCT06882551)."

Journal • Diabetic Macular Edema • Ophthalmology

Ultra-Early OCT Changes After Intravitreal Injection: Evidence Consistent with Transient Mechanical Compression. (PubMed, Vision (Basel)) - "(2) In this prospective observational study, 40 eyes of 40 consecutive patients (one per patient) with macular edema secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), diabetic macular edema (DME), or chronic central serous retinopathy (CSR) underwent intravitreal bevacizumab (n = 35) or triamcinolone acetonide (n = 5)...(4) Ultra-early OCT thinning after intravitreal injection is consistent with transient mechanical compression. Retinal thickness measurements within 48 h post-injection should be interpreted with caution when assessing treatment response, as early anatomic reduction may not reflect pharmacologic efficacy."

Journal • Age-related Macular Degeneration • Diabetic Macular Edema • Macular Degeneration • Macular Edema • Ophthalmology • Retinal Disorders • Wet Age-related Macular Degeneration

Sequential Intravitreal Corticosteroid Rescue Including Ozurdex After Anti-VEGF Failure in Bilateral Uveitic Cystoid Macular Edema With Asymmetric Relapse. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Treatment was then changed to bilateral intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide, after which substantial visual and anatomical improvement was observed in both eyes...This case demonstrates that bilateral uveitic CME refractory to anti-VEGF therapy may show limited response to repeated anti-VEGF treatment but substantial anatomical and functional improvement after sequential intravitreal corticosteroid therapy. It also highlights the relapsing and asymmetric course of inflammatory macular edema and the importance of individualized retreatment and close optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based monitoring."

Journal • Inflammation • Macular Edema • Ophthalmology

Risk of Ocular Hypertension With Intravitreal Triamcinolone Compared to the Dexamethasone Implant. (PubMed, J Vitreoretin Dis) - "Purpose: To determine whether there is a difference in the risk of ocular hypertension between patients in a large United States healthcare database who received an intravitreal dexamethasone implant and those who received intravitreal (IVT) triamcinolone acetonide injections... Treatment with dexamethasone implants was associated with an increased risk of requiring ocular hypertension treatment when compared with IVT triamcinolone treatment. Clinicians should be aware of this increased risk when counseling patients regarding their treatment options."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Glaucoma • Ophthalmology

Impact of intraoperative 3 mg triamcinolone acetonide injection on visual rehabilitation and inflammation control in uveitic cataract patients undergoing small-incision cataract surgery. (PubMed, Indian J Ophthalmol) - "About 3 mg triamcinolone acetonide (TA) is not only effective but also safe in reducing postoperative inflammation and promoting early visual recovery in uveitic cataract patients undergoing surgery."

Clinical • Journal • Cataract • Inflammation • Ophthalmology

Suprachoroidal injection in the treatment of diabetic macular edema: mechanisms, clinical advances, and future perspectives. (PubMed, Front Med (Lausanne)) - "Clinical data shows that SCS injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) can significantly improve vision, reduce both macular edema and treatment frequency in DME patients. In this review, we mainly aim to introduce the advantages and clinical evidence of SCS injection, and emphasize its potential role in optimizing DME management strategy."

Journal • Review • Cataract • Diabetes • Diabetic Macular Edema • Metabolic Disorders • Ophthalmology

The VitraCell: A new in vitro test setup for intravitreal dosage forms. (PubMed, Eur J Pharm Biopharm) - "The release, diffusion, and elimination characteristics of various active pharmaceutical ingredients and dosage forms, including implants containing triamcinolone acetonide and paracetamol, as well as a triamcinolone acetonide suspension, were investigated following simulated intravitreal injection...In addition, comparative measurements were performed using compendial pharmacopeial methods, namely United States Pharmacopeia Apparatus 4 and 7. These methods exhibited markedly faster and probably physiologically less relevant release rates, further highlighting the suitability of the VitraCell, which therefore represents an additional step toward an optimized biorelevant in vitro test setup for intravitreal dosage forms."

Journal • Preclinical • Ophthalmology

Local injection of triamcinolone acetonide mitigates AAV-associated inflammation after intravitreal injection in rabbit (ARVO 2026) - "Transduction efficiency was conserved in TA-treated rabbits with expected GFP fluorescence in the vascularized medullary ray region in both eyes in comparison to low or non-detectable GFP fluorescence in both eyes in the non-TA treated rabbits with elevated IOI. Conclusions In summary, we demonstrated successful administration of a local corticosteroid at a well-tolerated dose that mitigated AAV-associated inflammation and preserved transduction in both eyes from a single injection."

Preclinical • Age-related Macular Degeneration • Macular Degeneration • Ophthalmology • Retinal Disorders

Comparative Outcomes Between Local Steroid Therapies in Non-Infectious Uveitis (ARVO 2026) - "Purpose To compare real world anatomic and functional outcomes among eyes with noninfectious intermediate, posterior, or panuveitis treated with dexamethasone intravitreal implant (DEX), fluocinolone acetonide implant (FAc), or suprachoroidal triamcinolone acetonide (SCS TA)...This could influence CRT and VA responses to steroid treatment. This interpretation of between treatment differences should consider the smaller sample sizes for FAc and SCS TA and the descriptive, noninferential nature of this analysis."

Macular Edema • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Uveitis

Utilization and Economic Burden of Posterior Segment Corticosteroid Implants and Injections in the Fee-For-Service Medicare Population (2007–2024) (ARVO 2026) - "In the duration-adjusted model using 2024 prices, estimated drug costs per eye-year were approximately $300 for suprachoroidal triamcinolone acetonide, $566 for intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide, $3,319 for dexamethasone intravitreal implants, and $2,432 for fluocinolone acetonide implants...A duration-adjusted comparison suggests that fluocinolone implants may deliver steroid exposure at a lower drug cost per eye-year than dexamethasone implants do, although both remain several-fold more expensive than triamcinolone-based regimens. Patient-level data is needed to further analyze cost effectiveness."

Clinical • HEOR • Medicare • Reimbursement • US reimbursement • Diabetic Macular Edema • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Retinal Vein Occlusion • Uveitis

Intravitreal Pharmaceutical Type Usage and Rates of Endophthalmitis Following Intravitreal Injection. (ARVO 2026) - "Among anti-VEGF agents the results were the following: bevacizumab (0.0297%, p = 0.023, significantly lower), brolucizumab-dbll (0.0695%, p = 0.436), aflibercept 2mg PFS (0.0398%, p = 0.501), aflibercept 2mg vial (0.0401%, p = 0.889), aflibercept 8 mg vial (0.0849%; p = 0.00032), ranibizumab 0.5 and 0.3mg (0.0142%, p = 0.1868), faricimab PFS (0.0411%, p = 1.0), faricimab vial (0.0410%, p = 1.0)...Corticosteroids, particularly dexamethasone intravitreal implant and triamcinolone acetonide carry the highest risk. These findings reinforce the overall safety of intravitreal injections, but preparation type and agent class deserve further study."

Ocular Infections • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology

Efficacy and safety of different intraocular therapies for non-infectious uveitis: A network meta-analysis (ARVO 2026) - "Methods Our analysis included nine randomized controlled trials and one retrospective comparative case series, investigating the efficacy and safety profiles of intravitreal fluocinolone acetonide implant (FAi), intravitreal dexamethasone (DEX) implant, intravitreal or suprachoroidal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA or SCTA), intravitreal methotrexate, intravitreal ranibizumab, and standard of care (SOC) for NIU...Conclusions The choice for suitable intraocular therapy agent replies on NIU's severity, chronicity, and the patient's IOP risk. Proper personalized selection can achieve stable inflammation control while minimizing ocular and systemic complications."

Retrospective data • Macular Edema • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Uveitis