nalidixic acid / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Spatiotemporal distribution, driving factors, and ecological risks of antibiotics in the wastewater of urban-scale sewers. (PubMed, Water Res) - "Significant positive correlations between the population normalized daily mass loads (PNDLs) of H/VAs (e.g., Gatifloxacin, Nalidixic acid, and Fleroxacin) and those of VAs indicate that certain H/VAs and VAs may be used in livestock production and subsequently transferred to sewers via the food chain. Ecological risk assessment revealed Ofloxacin posed medium risks (0.1 ≤ RQ < 1) in sewers near hospitals. Overall, this study provides key insights into emerging trends of antibiotic occurrence within sewer systems and offers valuable evidence for establishing priority lists in wastewater management."

Journal

Impact of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Exiguobacterium Acetylicum RGK and Enterobacter Mori RGK1 on Growth Parameters and Phytochemicals of Asparagus Racemosus. (PubMed, Curr Microbiol) - "Additionally, has shown antibiotic susceptibility to antibiotics such as Amikacin, Netilin, Co-trimaxazole, Streptomycin, Furazolidone, Kanamycin, Nalidixic acid, Nitrofurantoin, Tobramycin, Oxytetracyclin, Chloramphenicol, Gentamycin and their ability to withstand salt concentration (NaCl) up to 5-6%. As compared to the untreated plants, PGPR-treated plantlets showed higher amounts of secondary metabolites, primarily Diosgenin. The main focus is on the use of multiple microbial strains in a single formulation, an emerging trend in sustainable agriculture."

Journal

Revealing the most contaminated stages and spots of foodborne pathogens and antibiotic resistance along the whole fish production chain in Greek aquaculture. (PubMed, Food Microbiol) - "These potential pathogens, mainly isolated from surfaces and water of weaning and pre-fattening tanks, fish feeds, working surfaces, fish transport boxes, concrete floors and fish especially from transport boxes and harvesting, presented a noteworthy resistance to most antibiotics tested (e.g., Clindamycin, Nalidixic acid, Streptomycin, Sulphonamides, Ceftazidime, Erythromycin, Vancomycin, Penicillin G, and Cefoxitin). The findings underscore the importance of early detection and intervention strategies to mitigate ARB transmission, thereby enhancing the safety and quality of aquaculture products."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia

Campylobacter jejuni versus Campylobacter coli: Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance in red meat sold in markets in Wasit, Iraq. (PubMed, J Adv Vet Anim Res) - "One hundred percent of bacterial isolates exhibited resistance to oxacillin, erythromycin, nalidixic acid, and cloxacillin. According to the current study, cattle and sheep meat pose a potential threat to public health. Therefore, minimizing Campylobacter infection and ensuring the safe use of antibiotics requires strict monitoring, regulatory measures, and suitable treatments."

Journal • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Infectious Disease

Asiatic acid, a novel ciprofloxacin adjuvant inhibits Shigella flexneri infection. (PubMed, Gut Microbes) - "Particularly important was the interaction of asiatic acid with the quinolone antibiotics ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid. The results showed that this combination can target the bacterial membrane, efflux pump proteins and biofilm formation, thereby preventing resistance development. The combination treatment offers a proof of concept in targeting essential bacterial activities and might be developed into a novel and efficient treatment alternative against S. flexneri."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Incidence and antimicrobial resistance of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica in stool samples from children under five in peri-urban Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. (PubMed, BMC Microbiol) - "This study demonstrates a substantial burden of NTS infections in children under five in peri-urban Burkina Faso. Although MDR prevalence was low, high tetracycline resistance indicates widespread circulation of resistant strains. Continuous AMR surveillance is essential to guide treatment and preserve antibiotic efficacy."

Journal • Infectious Disease

An observational study on multidrug resistance in pediatric patients with urinary tract infections. (PubMed, Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol) - "Escherichia coli demonstrated high resistance to nalidixic acid (84.4%), ampicillin (78.1%), and ciprofloxacin (78.1%), while maintaining high susceptibility to fosfomycin (90.6%), ertapenem (81.3%), gentamicin (71.9%), and nitrofurantoin (71.9%)...exhibited high resistance to tetracycline (64.3%), and levofloxacin (63%). but remained sensitive to linezolid (93.27%), vancomycin (85.71%), teicoplanin (78.57%), and tigecycline (71.4%)...Fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin, and carbapenems retain efficacy, though over-reliance may accelerate resistance. Regular, pediatric-specific AMR surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship programs are essential to preserve treatment efficacy and improve outcomes in this vulnerable population."

Journal • Observational data • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Pediatrics • Pneumonia

Molecular Characterization and Antibiotic Resistance of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) Isolates from Broiler Chickens in Algeria. (PubMed, Animals (Basel)) - "The highest resistance rates were found for ampicillin (97.96%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (96.94%), nalidixic acid (94.90%), tetracycline (90.82%), and ciprofloxacin (79.59%). Our data provide valuable insights into the characteristics of the APEC populations in broiler chickens in Algeria. This may assist in understanding APEC pathogenesis and in developing effective control strategies."

Journal

Occurrence and Antibiotic Resistance Risk Burden of Vibrio mimicus Isolates from Seafood and Aquatic Environments. (PubMed, Antibiotics (Basel)) - "Overall, Vm exhibited diverse antimicrobial resistance patterns across sources with high resistance concerns and high rates against penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides, and sometimes polymyxins. Thus, it is recommended that stricter regulations on antibiotic use in aquaculture are enforced; wastewater treatment is improved, one-health surveillance is implemented; and education of stakeholders about resistance risks, use of alternatives, and proper cooking of seafood to mitigate Vm-resistant impact is promoted."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Association of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Virulence Genes and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in an Interface Model of Swine Colonization and Human Diarrhea in Mexico. (PubMed, Microorganisms) - "Our results reveal that >50% of E. coli strains isolated from swine were resistant to nalidixic acid (78.94%), tetracycline (72%), ampicillin (55.54%), and co-trimoxazole (53.91%), and that, in humans, the highest resistance was observed in tetracycline (71.77%), nalidixic acid (65.41%), ampicillin (57.88%), and co-trimoxazole (53.88%). A lower frequency of resistance to ciprofloxacin was demonstrated in both swine (23.4%) and humans (15.3%), and minimal resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, ceftazidime (2.54%), and cefotaxime (2.44%) was observed in swine; however, resistance to these cephalosporins is much higher at 14.6% and 11.53% in humans...These results suggest that swine could act as a reservoir in human infection and that antimicrobial resistance could be transferred to humans from swine. Although we did not find clonal dissemination between the human and swine strains, the spread of similar multi-resistance profiles was observed, thus suggesting..."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Epidemiological Characteristics, Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and Genomic Analysis of Shigella Isolated in Pudong, Shanghai During 2013-2024. (PubMed, Antibiotics (Basel)) - "Resistance rates to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SXT), streptomycin (STR), nalidixic acid (NAL), ampicillin (AMP), and tetracycline (TET) all exceeded 90.00%. The resistance rate to azithromycin (AZI) increased from 12.50% to 60.00% with a fluctuating upward trend from 2013 to 2019; 97.87% of S. sonnei and 100.00% of S. flexneri isolates were multidrug-resistant...Therefore, strengthening antimicrobial resistance monitoring and controlling regional transmission are of great significance. Meanwhile, genomic surveillance of Shigella ST152/ST245 is recommended for Pudong's enteric pathogen control programs."

Journal

Isolation and characterization of Salmonella enterica serovars from poultry in Egypt: a comprehensive genetic analysis of ESBLs, MCR, integron and other resistance genes. (PubMed, BMC Vet Res) - " Based on serological identification, this study reports the detection of rare Salmonella enterica serovars, such as S. Colorado and S. Jerusalem, with extensive drug resistance (XDR) in broiler farms in Egypt. These isolates carried critical resistance genes, including intI1, mcr-1, and various β-lactamases. The findings underscore the urgent need for surveillance, biosecurity, and antimicrobial stewardship to protect public health and poultry production."

Journal

Gene profiling and serotyping of multidrug-resistant Listeria monocytogenes isolated from humans, animals, and dairy products. (PubMed, BMC Vet Res) - "These findings highlight the circulation of multidrug-resistant and virulent L. monocytogenes strains in Egypt's food chain and among occupational groups. Enhanced hygiene measures, continuous surveillance, and prudent antibiotic use are urgently needed to mitigate the associated public health risks."

Journal

Outbreak of foodborne illness caused by Salmonella Braenderup ST2443 in China: Epidemiological and pathogenic insights. (PubMed, J Infect Public Health) - "This study provides the first detailed characterization of a foodborne outbreak in China caused by S. Braenderup ST2443. The findings highlight the value of WGS in outbreak investigation and underscore the necessity of stringent hygiene protocols and ongoing genomic surveillance to mitigate future risks."

Journal • Infectious Disease

An updated global systematic review on Salmonella Typhi antimicrobial resistance (ASTMH 2025) - "We classified isolates resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole as multidrug-resistant (MDR), and isolates that were MDR and resistant to a fluoroquinolone and a third-generation cephalosporin as extensively drug-resistant (XDR)...Among new reports 6,279 (32.0%) of 19,615 were MDR, 4,550 (62.7%) of 7,256 were resistant to nalidixic acid, 7,279 (44.6%) of 16,319 were resistant to ciprofloxacin, 2,891 (15.9%) of 18,181 were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, and 1,384 (11.5%) of 12,056 were resistant to azithromycin...Our data affirms the need for continued AMR surveillance and control efforts considering the expansion of MDR in Africa, and XDR Salmonella Typhi in Pakistan. Our updated evidence provides inputs to urgently guide decisions on non-vaccine prevention, empiric treatment, and TCV implementation."

Clinical • Review • Infectious Disease

Comparative Genomics of Lactococcus spp. From Global Aquaculture Outbreaks Reveals Virulence Determinants, Antibiotic Resistance, and Phage Defence Mechanisms. (PubMed, Microbiologyopen) - "Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiling revealed ermB (n = 10) and tetS (n = 11), consistent with resistance to macrolides and tetracyclines commonly applied in aquaculture. Phenotypic susceptibility testing against eight antimicrobial agents showed uniform resistance to nalidixic acid (15/15 isolates), alongside resistance to trimethoprim (12/15), sulfamethoxazole (11/15), and ciprofloxacin and oxacillin (7/15 each)...This information is important when considering the potential development of phage therapy to control piscine disease. Together, these findings advance understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenicity, and resistance dynamics of Lactococcus species in aquaculture and underscore the need for sustainable strategies to mitigate lactococcosis outbreaks."

Clinical • Journal • Infectious Disease

Prevalence, Molecular Profile and Antibiotic Resistance of Listeria Species in Retail Beef Products in North-West Province, South Africa: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. (PubMed, Vet Med Sci) - "For L. monocytogenes isolates, resistance was high to nalidixic acid (100%), enrofloxacin (41.7%) and cefoxitin (37.5%) but low to clindamycin (8.3%) and sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim (8.3%). The frequency of multi-drug resistance (MDR) in the L. monocytogenes isolates was 95.8% (23/24). Our study reveals the risk of human listeriosis in consumers of beef and beef products contaminated by virulent and antimicrobial-resistant serogroups of L. monocytogenes in the North-West Province of South Africa."

Journal

Regional Burden of Urinary Tract Infection, Its Aetiologies, and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns, 2020-2023: A Retrospective Study. (PubMed, Health Sci Rep) - "coli exhibited complete resistance (100%) to Nalidixic acid (NAL) and Ofloxacin (OFL), with varying degrees of resistance observed across other antibiotics. Among the 29 isolates of K. pneumoniae, 90.0% showed resistance against Cefotaxime, 81.3% against Ciprofloxacin, and 80% against Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole...A noteworthy portion of prevalent pathogens, resistant to NAL and OFL, falls into the category of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas spp. The limited availability of effective treatments for MDR gram-negative isolates underscores the urgent need for innovative therapeutic alternatives."

Journal • Retrospective data • Diabetes • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Pneumonia • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Shigella Spp. and Assessed Their Pathogenic Potential Using the Caenorhabditis elegans Infection Model Associated with Acute Diarrheal Patients in Tangail, Bangladesh. (PubMed, Foodborne Pathog Dis) - "Shigella dysenteriae was resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, erythromycin, gentamicin, and nalidixic acid, while Shigella boydii showed resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and nalidixic acid. However, no resistance was observed to azithromycin, tetracycline, levofloxacin, or ciprofloxacin...This study highlights the importance of regular surveillance of Shigella prevalence and AMR patterns in Bangladesh. Furthermore, exploring genomic epidemiology and alternative treatments for Shigella infections is crucial in combating its spread and resistance in Bangladesh."

Journal • Infectious Disease

The impact of meteorological variables on Salmonella bacteraemia in Mysuru District, Karnataka State, India: a retrospective time-series analysis. (PubMed, Ther Adv Infect Dis) - "Resistance was highest to nalidixic acid (84%), with a rising trend in ciprofloxacin resistance. Cumulative exposure-response analyses further showed elevated risks at higher humidity (>26 g/m³), temperatures (>34°C) and extreme precipitation (>250 mm), although confidence intervals were wide and most associations did not reach statistical significance. This single-centre retrospective time-series analysis has demonstrated that meteorological variables impact the incidence of Salmonella bacteraemia, which could lead to increased antibiotic use and contribute to the development of resistance."

Journal • Retrospective data • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Infectious Disease

A Highly Drug-Resistant Salmonella Enterica Serovar Weltevreden of Human Origin from India and Detection of its Virulence Factors. (PubMed, Indian J Microbiol) - "ampicillin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, cefepime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, gentamicin, kanamycin, meropenem, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, norfloxacin, trimethoprim. Although, this study reports a single case of extensively drug-resistant NTS serovar, the possibility of more such serovars circulating in the community cannot be ruled out. Hence, there is an urgent need to implement effective antibiogram surveillance among NTS to detect such serovars and to formulate effective policies regarding antibiotic usage."

Journal • Review • Infectious Disease

The Potential Antidiabetic Activity of Novel Nalidixic Acid-Based 1,2,4-Triazole Derivatives. (PubMed, Curr Med Chem) - "The synthetic compounds exhibited significant anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant activity, protected and enhanced the function of pancreatic β-cells, and stimulated insulin secretion."

Journal • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • PDX1

Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Trueperella (Arcanobacterium) pyogenes Isolates from Vertebral Osteomyelitis in Slaughtered Pigs. (PubMed, Animals (Basel)) - "Complete resistance (11/11, 100%) was observed against amikacin (AMI), nalidixic acid (NAL), chloramphenicol (CHL), florfenicol (FFN), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT). High resistance rates were also detected for erythromycin (ERY) and clindamycin (CLI) (10/11, 90.9%), ceftazidime (TAZ), ceftriaxone (AXO), ciprofloxacin (CIP) (7/11, 63.6%), and tetracycline (TET) and streptomycin (STR) (5/11, 45.5%), while gentamicin (GEN) resistance was found in three isolates (27.3%). In contrast, none of the isolates showed resistance to ampicillin, cefoxitin, or cefotaxime. These findings underscore the epidemiological value of abattoir-based monitoring in detecting emerging pathogens and tracking antimicrobial resistance. The results provide important baseline data to inform disease control strategies, guide antimicrobial stewardship, and support One Health approaches, including the development of preventive measures such as vaccines."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Inflammation

Antagonistic Effects of Probiotic Lactobacillus Strains on Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Role of mecA/mecC and icaAD Gene Variants. (PubMed, Biotechnol Appl Biochem) - "In addition to the appearance of 16 vancomycin-resistant strains, 97% were resistant to ampicillin and nalidixic acid, 74.3% exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR), with an MDR index of ≥0.2, and 61.5% were methicillin-resistant (mecA/mecC-positive), all of which are biofilm producers. A total of 17.9% of the isolates were resistant to honey. All strains of lactic acid bacteria were effective against 97% of the isolates, with Lactobacillus plantarum demonstrating the strongest antimicrobial action (average of 14.1 ± 0.02 mm), indicating potential use in combating biofilm-associated, drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Incidence and antimicrobial resistance of nontyphoidal SalmonellaNTS in children under five years of age in a peri-urban area of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso. (ASTMH 2025) - "The highest incidence was among children aged 12–23 months (10.3; 95% CI: 6.7–15.6).All isolates were susceptible to imipenem, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and aztreonam. High susceptibility (≥99%) was seen for ceftazidime, cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, cefepime, and tobramycin. Resistance was low for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (2.1%), gentamicin (3.1%), streptomycin (6.2%), nalidixic acid (5.2%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (4.1%)...However, high resistance to tetracycline suggests the presence of circulating resistant strains. Continued AMR surveillance is essential to inform treatment policies."

Clinical • Late-breaking abstract • Infectious Disease