didanosine / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Compound microbial intelligent membrane fermentation reshapes the virome and reduces various resistance genes in duck litter. (PubMed, Front Microbiomes) - "In duck litter, viral communities were dominated by Uroviricota and Nucleocytoviricota (DNA viruses) and Pisuviricota and Lenarviricota (RNA viruses), with Caudoviricetes and Megaviricetes as the predominant DNA virus classes...These data indicate that RNA viruses, particularly Pisuviricota, are sensitive bioindicators for ecological health assessment. Additionally, this antibiotic-free fermentation system may provide an important strategy for curbing dissemination of antimicrobial resistance at its source."

Journal

Long-term subclinical cardiac damage in people living with human immunodeficiency virus. (PubMed, Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc) - "HIV group had consistently reduced global work efficiency values (≤93%) which was associated with by age, diabetes, SCORE2, time from diagnosis, long corrected QT interval, QRS Interval duration, CD4 count nadir, initial and maximum viral load and exposure to didanosine by univariate analysis...Subclinical myocardial dysfunction is present in long-standing HIV infection. Global work efficiency may represent a sensitive marker of subclinical myocardial dysfunction, even in patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, and it was associated with maximum viral load in our patients."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Diabetes • Heart Failure • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • CD4

Megamimivirus double-stranded DNA linear genomes flanked by highly diverse terminal inverted repeats. (PubMed, J Virol) - "Among these, Megavirus daqingense is the first giant virus isolated from an oil reservoir; it exhibits virion stability under high salinity, chloroform exposure, and elevated temperatures, suggesting fitness adaptations to subsurface conditions...These findings establish TIRs as key drivers of genome plasticity, serving as hotspots for horizontal gene transfer and genetic innovation. By resolving the long-hidden terminal structures of megamimivirus genomes, this work provides a foundational framework for understanding how TIRs shape the evolution of giant viruses and, more broadly, advances our understanding of genome architecture in large DNA viruses."

Journal • Gene Therapies

National cross-sectional survey on acquired HIV drug resistance in Haiti in 2023: warnings resistance to dolutegravir (AIDS 2026) - "3.77% of HIVs were resistant to dolutegravir and bictegravir, 4.4% to cabotegravir, 4.72% to raltegravir, and 5.03% to elvitegravir. Additionally, 15.19% of the viral strains were resistant to abacavir, 13.92% to lamivudine and emtricitabine, 6.65% to zidovudine, 8.23% to stavudine and didanosine, and 4.13% to tenofovir...Furthermore, some HIVs strains developed resistance against efavirenz (49.37%), nevirapine (50%), Rilpivirine (20.25%), Etravirine (12.66%), and doravirine (3.61%). Finally, HIV genome resistance was 0.63% against atazanavir/ritonavir and indinavir/ritonavir, 0.95% against lopinavir/ritonavir and 0.32% against darunavir/ritonavir. HIV acquired pharmacoresistance is moderate in Haiti and requires innovating adapted strategy for preventing its development, its transmission, and for protecting PLHIV health, while emphasizing on children and male individuals."

Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Drug-associated acute pancreatitis in paediatric versus adult reports: a disproportionality analysis using FAERS. (PubMed, Eur J Pediatr) - " Distinct age-dependent patterns were identified. These findings support paediatric-specific pharmacovigilance assessment and caution against direct extrapolation of adult spontaneous-reporting patterns to children. A clinically useful list of drugs with the highest reporting frequencies in children has been generated."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Immunology • Oncology • Pancreatitis • Pediatrics

Salinity-driven niche partitioning of aquatic viruses in one of Europe's largest estuaries. (PubMed, Appl Environ Microbiol) - "We provide a detailed overview of the spatiotemporal distribution of viruses, including taxonomy and hosts, which emphasizes the role of giant viruses (Megaviricetes) in waters of lower salinity and RNA viruses in marine environments...We made an attempt to disentangle the numerous environmental parameters, and we highlight salinity as the most important factor, providing evidence of its multidimensional influence on the estuarine virome. Our findings deepen our understanding of viral communities and their interactions with microbes and bring us a step closer to their role in aquatic food webs, particularly in carbon turnover in estuaries."

Journal • Infectious Disease

MULTIMODAL IMAGING OF DIDANOSINE-RELATED RETINOPATHY. (PubMed, Retin Cases Brief Rep) - "Didanosine-related chorioretinal toxicity is a rare disease, with few reports in the literature. Multimodal imaging and genetic testing were essential for precise diagnosis. The limitation of this report includes the late presentation of the patient to our clinic, making the evaluation difficult to determine early signs of toxicity and to determine the precise length of didanosine treatment and whether the degeneration progressed shortly after cessation of the medication."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Rare Diseases • Retinal Disorders

Mechanistic insights into plasmid transfer inhibition in Enterobacterales by nucleoside analogues. (PubMed, NPJ Antimicrob Resist) - "Alongside the known inhibitor azidothymidine (AZT), didanosine, stavudine, and trifluridine reduced plasmid conjugation in both species without affecting growth. Conversely, famciclovir and zalcitabine promoted pCTgfp conjugation in E. coli, while aciclovir and valaciclovir enhanced pKpQILgfp conjugation in K. pneumoniae...The exogenous addition of zinc acetate to inhibit RecA or the end product of methionine metabolism, S-adenosyl-methionine, restored pKpQILgfp conjugation in K. pneumoniae. Overall, our results indicated that existing NAs, including AZT, represent structural scaffolds for the development of potent conjugation inhibitors and highlight motility, DNA repair, and methionine metabolism as potential key factors in plasmid conjugation."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia

Multiple origins and functions: evolutionary pathways of HSP70 proteins in viruses. (PubMed, J Gen Virol) - "In this study, we conducted a comprehensive search of viral protein databases and identified HSP70 homologues in viruses beyond those with ssRNA genomes, including examples with dsDNA genomes in the class Megaviricete...In contrast, ssRNA virus HSP70s formed a distinct, highly divergent group. Our findings suggest multiple independent acquisitions of HSP70 genes by viruses and provide new insights into their evolutionary trajectories and potential functional adaptations."

Journal • Gene Therapies • Infectious Disease • SPA1L

A Polinton-like Virus of C. parva Inhibits the Population Growth of a Newly Isolated Relative of Tethysvirus ontarioense. (PubMed, Viruses) - "Purification of C. parva viruses to enable co-infection experiments led to the discovery of a previously unknown virus, CpV-BQ3, which, based on sequence information and electron microscopy, is a species of Tethysvirus, a genus within the Megaviricetes...Conversely, high levels of Moe relative to BQ3 provided greater protection for C. parva, allowing enhanced cell survival, whereas low doses of Moe did not prevent cell lysis. Overall, the results of this study demonstrated the intimate relationship of CpV-PLV Moe with the newly discovered virus, CpV-BQ3, and C. parva, and illustrate the complex ecology of algal viruses."

Journal • Infectious Disease • ARVA

ABCA4-associated retinopathy complicated by didanosine-associated retinal toxicity. (PubMed, Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep) - "This case suggests that prior mitochondrial-toxic drug exposure may exacerbate the course of inherited retinal dystrophies, producing unusually severe panretinal degeneration. Clinicians should review medication history in patients with inherited retinal diseases and consider long-term retinal monitoring even years after discontinuing potentially toxic agents."

Journal • Age-related Macular Degeneration • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Inherited Retinal Dystrophy • Macular Degeneration • Ophthalmology • Retinal Disorders

ProHistoneDB: A database of prokaryotic and viral histones. (PubMed, J Mol Biol) - "In eukaryotes and megaviruses, they form nucleosome structures that wrap DNA...For each category, interactive phylogenetic trees and HMM profile logos are available to identify conserved residues and explore the relative evolutionary relationships of histones. ProHistoneDB can be accessed athttps://prohistonedb.org/."

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Chronic HIV infection complicated by pancreatitis, pancreatic tail pseudocyst and atraumatic splenic rupture: a case report. (PubMed, AIDS Res Ther) - "This case illustrates a plausible "pancreas-spleen axis" in which chronic pancreatitis with a pancreatic tail pseudocyst leads to local vascular and parenchymal fragility, predisposing to ASR in a patient with chronic HIV infection and incomplete immune reconstitution. It emphasizes the need to consider ASR in PLWH presenting with acute abdomen, particularly when imaging shows pancreatic tail pathology. Early CT, prompt surgical decision-making, and multidisciplinary management between infectious disease specialists and surgeons are critical for favorable outcomes."

Journal • Dyslipidemia • Gastroenterology • Hematological Disorders • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Hypertriglyceridemia • Hypotension • Infectious Disease • Oncology • Pain • Pancreatitis • Thrombocytosis

Diversity and potential environmental risks of DNA viruses on international ships' ballast water at Shanghai port, China. (PubMed, Mar Pollut Bull) - "Although Caudoviricetes was the dominant viral group, the abundances of Megaviricetes and Faserviricetes were also relatively high, albeit showing variations among different routes...In summary, the results of our research have uncovered the virus diversity and potential risks associated with different routes. This underscores the imperative of implementing targeted management strategies for each individual route."

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A systematic review assessing body mass index and waist circumference as predictors for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. (PubMed, BMC Infect Dis) - "Body Mass Index is a consistent and potential predictor of T2DM among PLWH on ART, while the role of WC appears variable and context dependent. These findings support the inclusion of BMI monitoring in HIV care, though further research is needed to clarify the predictive utility of WC and refine screening thresholds for this population."

Journal • Review • Diabetes • Genetic Disorders • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The association of the rumen virome with methane emissions in dairy cattle. (PubMed, Commun Biol) - "We identify 8933 viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs), including bacteriophages, archaeophages, megaviruses, and virophages...Associations between viruses and microorganisms might suggest viruses influence methane emissions by modulating key microbial populations. Although mechanisms remain unclear, rumen viruses could serve as biomarkers for selecting low-emission animals or developing microbial interventions."

Journal

NRTI-Induced Pancreatitis Second to Viral-Induced Acute Liver Failure (ACG 2025) - "Initiation of antiviral therapy with tenofovir or entecavir monotherapy as well as evaluation for liver transplant is the standard of care.Case Description/ A 47 year old woman with no PMH presented for one week history of worsening malaise, nausea, vomiting, and worsening jaundice...Vitamin K, lactulose, Tenofovir, and NAC were initiated...Further workup was halted due to acceptance to transplant institute. NRTI-induced pancreatitis has been described in HIV patient's receiving combination NRTI regimens including didanosine + tenofovir and bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir...Common, alternative etiologies were ruled out. We see here an interesting presentation of NRTI-induced pancreatitis in the setting of ALF.Figure: Massively inflamed body and tail of pancreas on CT with infiltration of the surrounding fat"

CNS Disorders • Gastroenterology • Hepatitis B • Hepatology • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Lipodystrophy • Liver Failure • Metabolic Disorders • Myositis • Pancreatitis

Viral ecogenomics across oxic and anoxic zones of the Yongle Blue Hole. (PubMed, Environ Microbiome) - "Together, these findings highlight the potential ecological roles and diversity of viral communities within YBH and shedding light on niche-separated viral speciation."

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Co-infection of phylogenetically distinct nucleocytoviruses in Acanthamoeba castellanii cells. (PubMed, FEMS Microbiol Lett) - "Furthermore, transcription levels of cedratvirus and megavirus genes in the co-infected culture were significantly lower than those in the mono-infected culture based on time-course experiments, suggesting that distinct nucleocytoviruses may compete for viral reproduction. This is the first report experimentally demonstrating that co-infection of distinct nucleocytoviruses occurs in A. castellanii cell."

Journal • Gene Therapies • Infectious Disease

Bacteriophage and megaviruses from outdoor microalgae ponds in Mesa, Arizona. (PubMed, Microbiol Resour Announc) - "However, little is known about the presence and impacts of viruses in outdoor cultivation ponds. We present sequences of bacteriophage and potential megavirus genomes from metagenomic sequencing of microalgae ponds in Mesa, Arizona, USA."

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Unravelling drug-induced hepatic steatosis: Clinical sub-phenotypes, outcome prediction, and identification of high-concern drugs and hazardous chemical attributes. (PubMed, Biomed Pharmacother) - "Drugs like Didanosine, Zidovudine, Valproate, and Tetracycline were linked to fatal outcome. A predictive model using clinical and chemical features allowed to identify high-concern drugs and hazardous chemical attributes."

Journal • Fibrosis • Hepatology • Immunology • Liver Failure • Metabolic Disorders

Evaluating the Antiviral Activity of Termin-8 and Finio Against a Surrogate ASFV-like Algal Virus. (PubMed, Pathogens) - "Although Termin-8 efficacy did not improve with time, due to its fixing of viral particles and rendering them non-infectious, treatment with Finio showed 100% viable viral inactivation (>5 log10 reduction units) at the lowest concentration after 7 days of exposure. Our results demonstrate that both Termin-8 and Finio can be used as effective chemical mitigants against megaviruses such as EhV and ASFV and can be used as effective preventive or mitigation strategies to prevent the transmission of ASFV by reducing particle viability in contaminated feed, although additional research is warranted."

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Arctic Ocean virus communities and their seasonality, bipolarity, and prokaryotic associations. (PubMed, Nat Commun) - "Among 5662 vOTUs, 98% and 2% are Caudoviricetes and Megaviricetes, respectively...Via global metagenomes, we find that 42% of Fram Strait vOTUs peak in abundance in high latitude regions of both hemispheres, and encode proteins with biochemical signatures of cold adaptation. Our study reveals a rich diversity of polar viruses with pronounced seasonality, providing a foundation for understanding viral regulation and ecosystem impacts in changing polar oceans."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Gene Therapies

Drug resistance mutations and phylogenetic analysis of HIV-1 subtypes B and F from mothers and children with vertical transmission. (PubMed, BMC Infect Dis) - "Differences in mutation profiles and antiretroviral resistance for NRTI and NNRTI drug classes were observed in half of the mother-child pairs, emphasising the importance of individualised therapeutic strategies."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Metagenomic analysis of viral communities in the polluted Varuna River reveals site-specific diversity patterns associated with environmental aspects. (PubMed, Int Microbiol) - "The highest species abundance in VR1 and VR2 was Mimivirus, Megavirus, chilensis, while VR3 and VR4 had Hpunavirus and Pseudomonas phage O4, indicating human involvement...On the basis of viral species, ecological, biotechnological aspects were also interpreted. This study concluded that the Negarnaviricota plays a key role in maintaining the overall water quality and there is an urgent need for remediation of the Varuna River especially at site VR4 (25° 19' 46.7″ N 83° 02' 38.3″ E)."

Journal • Infectious Disease