didanosine / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

The association of the rumen virome with methane emissions in dairy cattle. (PubMed, Commun Biol) - "We identify 8933 viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs), including bacteriophages, archaeophages, megaviruses, and virophages...Associations between viruses and microorganisms might suggest viruses influence methane emissions by modulating key microbial populations. Although mechanisms remain unclear, rumen viruses could serve as biomarkers for selecting low-emission animals or developing microbial interventions."

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NRTI-Induced Pancreatitis Second to Viral-Induced Acute Liver Failure (ACG 2025) - "Initiation of antiviral therapy with tenofovir or entecavir monotherapy as well as evaluation for liver transplant is the standard of care.Case Description/ A 47 year old woman with no PMH presented for one week history of worsening malaise, nausea, vomiting, and worsening jaundice...Vitamin K, lactulose, Tenofovir, and NAC were initiated...Further workup was halted due to acceptance to transplant institute. NRTI-induced pancreatitis has been described in HIV patient's receiving combination NRTI regimens including didanosine + tenofovir and bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir...Common, alternative etiologies were ruled out. We see here an interesting presentation of NRTI-induced pancreatitis in the setting of ALF.Figure: Massively inflamed body and tail of pancreas on CT with infiltration of the surrounding fat"

CNS Disorders • Gastroenterology • Hepatitis B • Hepatology • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Lipodystrophy • Liver Failure • Metabolic Disorders • Myositis • Pancreatitis

Viral ecogenomics across oxic and anoxic zones of the Yongle Blue Hole. (PubMed, Environ Microbiome) - "Together, these findings highlight the potential ecological roles and diversity of viral communities within YBH and shedding light on niche-separated viral speciation."

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Co-infection of phylogenetically distinct nucleocytoviruses in Acanthamoeba castellanii cells. (PubMed, FEMS Microbiol Lett) - "Furthermore, transcription levels of cedratvirus and megavirus genes in the co-infected culture were significantly lower than those in the mono-infected culture based on time-course experiments, suggesting that distinct nucleocytoviruses may compete for viral reproduction. This is the first report experimentally demonstrating that co-infection of distinct nucleocytoviruses occurs in A. castellanii cell."

Journal • Gene Therapies • Infectious Disease

Bacteriophage and megaviruses from outdoor microalgae ponds in Mesa, Arizona. (PubMed, Microbiol Resour Announc) - "However, little is known about the presence and impacts of viruses in outdoor cultivation ponds. We present sequences of bacteriophage and potential megavirus genomes from metagenomic sequencing of microalgae ponds in Mesa, Arizona, USA."

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Unravelling drug-induced hepatic steatosis: Clinical sub-phenotypes, outcome prediction, and identification of high-concern drugs and hazardous chemical attributes. (PubMed, Biomed Pharmacother) - "Drugs like Didanosine, Zidovudine, Valproate, and Tetracycline were linked to fatal outcome. A predictive model using clinical and chemical features allowed to identify high-concern drugs and hazardous chemical attributes."

Journal • Fibrosis • Hepatology • Immunology • Liver Failure • Metabolic Disorders

Evaluating the Antiviral Activity of Termin-8 and Finio Against a Surrogate ASFV-like Algal Virus. (PubMed, Pathogens) - "Although Termin-8 efficacy did not improve with time, due to its fixing of viral particles and rendering them non-infectious, treatment with Finio showed 100% viable viral inactivation (>5 log10 reduction units) at the lowest concentration after 7 days of exposure. Our results demonstrate that both Termin-8 and Finio can be used as effective chemical mitigants against megaviruses such as EhV and ASFV and can be used as effective preventive or mitigation strategies to prevent the transmission of ASFV by reducing particle viability in contaminated feed, although additional research is warranted."

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Arctic Ocean virus communities and their seasonality, bipolarity, and prokaryotic associations. (PubMed, Nat Commun) - "Among 5662 vOTUs, 98% and 2% are Caudoviricetes and Megaviricetes, respectively...Via global metagenomes, we find that 42% of Fram Strait vOTUs peak in abundance in high latitude regions of both hemispheres, and encode proteins with biochemical signatures of cold adaptation. Our study reveals a rich diversity of polar viruses with pronounced seasonality, providing a foundation for understanding viral regulation and ecosystem impacts in changing polar oceans."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Gene Therapies

Drug resistance mutations and phylogenetic analysis of HIV-1 subtypes B and F from mothers and children with vertical transmission. (PubMed, BMC Infect Dis) - "Differences in mutation profiles and antiretroviral resistance for NRTI and NNRTI drug classes were observed in half of the mother-child pairs, emphasising the importance of individualised therapeutic strategies."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Metagenomic analysis of viral communities in the polluted Varuna River reveals site-specific diversity patterns associated with environmental aspects. (PubMed, Int Microbiol) - "The highest species abundance in VR1 and VR2 was Mimivirus, Megavirus, chilensis, while VR3 and VR4 had Hpunavirus and Pseudomonas phage O4, indicating human involvement...On the basis of viral species, ecological, biotechnological aspects were also interpreted. This study concluded that the Negarnaviricota plays a key role in maintaining the overall water quality and there is an urgent need for remediation of the Varuna River especially at site VR4 (25° 19' 46.7″ N 83° 02' 38.3″ E)."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Hybrid sequencing reveals the genome of a Chrysochromulina parva virus and highlight its distinct replication strategy. (PubMed, BMC Genomics) - "The complete CpV-BQ1 genome sequence is 165,454 bp with a GC content of 32.32% and it encodes 193 open reading frames. Phylogenetic analyses of several virus hallmark genes including the polB, the late gene transcription factor (VLTF-3), and the putative A32-like virion packaging ATPase (Viral A32) all demonstrate that CpV-BQ1 is most closely related to other viruses in the phylum Megaviricetes within the order Algavirales, family Phycodnaviridae."

Journal • ARVA • POLG2

Megavirus baoshanense Mb0671 modulates host translation and increases viral fitness. (PubMed, Front Microbiol) - "Furthermore, overexpressing Mb0671 accelerated cell growth and virus replication, whereas reduction of Mb0671 expression by siRNA delayed virus replication. These results suggested that Mb0671 altered cellular translation, possibly through its association with the host translation machinery, and played an important role in enhancing virus adaptability."

Journal • EIF4A1 • EIF4A2

Unilateral drug induced gynecomastia secondary to antiretroviral therapy in an HIV infected patient (ESPE-ESE 2025) - "The patient has been treated for HIV infection for 06 months and is on combination antiretroviral therapy containing Efavirenz600mg /Emtricitabine200mg/Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 245mg daily...Treatment with efavirenz and didanosine is associated with the development of gynecomastia...AIDS Res Ther 13, 40 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12981-016-0121-z"

Clinical • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Oncology • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

Cytochrome b5 occurrence in giant and other viruses belonging to the phylum Nucleocytoviricota. (PubMed, Npj Viruses) - "Here we report that genes for cytochrome b5 occur broadly among viruses in the class Megaviricetes isolated from the deep ocean, freshwater and terrestrial sources, and human patients...Thus, the origin of cytochrome b5 genes in giant viruses remains unknown. Our findings raise questions regarding the evolution and diversity of cytochrome b5, and about the origin of viral haemoproteins in general."

Journal • CYB5A

Investigations into the Diversity and Distribution of tRNA and Phylogenetics of Translation Factors in Amoebozoa-Infecting Nucleocytoviricota. (PubMed, Viruses) - "Translation factors (TFs) and tRNAs are rare among viruses but are commonly found in giant viruses of the class Megaviricetes...However, phylogenetic analysis of TFs found in giant viruses often position these viruses as sister groups or embedded between different eukaryotic taxa with high statistical support. Overall, our findings reinforce the complexity of key components of the translation apparatus in different members of Nucleocytoviricota isolated from different regions of Earth."

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Screening of RNA methyltransferase NSP16 inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and study of related mechanisms. (PubMed, Am J Transl Res) - "Four drugs with potential inhibitory activity were examined. Among them, cladribine and didanosine have weak inhibitory effects on SARS-CoV-2 NSP16 and, therefore, are not suitable for clinical application. Sinefungin has the strongest inhibitory effect, and ebselen ranks second. Therefore, they can be regarded as qualified clinical candidates for SARS-CoV-2 treatment."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases

A Prospective Cohort of Children With HIV Infection (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=500 | Completed | Sponsor: The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration | Trial completion date: Jun 2024 ➔ Sep 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2024 ➔ Sep 2024 | Active, not recruiting ➔ Completed

Trial completion • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Dissociation-dependent kinetics and distinct pathways for direct photolysis and •OH/SO4•- radical dominated photodegradation of ionizable antiviral drugs in aquatic systems. (PubMed, Water Res) - "We investigated the direct photolysis and •OH/SO4•- dominated kinetics, intermediates and toxicity evolution of three ionizable antiviral drugs (ATVs): tenofovir (TFV), didanosine (DDI), and nevirapine (NVP). Nearly half of the chemical intermediates were demonstrably more toxic than their respective parent ATVs. These results provide new insights into understanding the persistence, fate and hazards associated with applying the UV-assisted AOPs to treat wastewater containing ATVs."

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Comparative Metabolite Profiling Between Cordyceps sinensis and Other Cordyceps by Untargeted UHPLC-MS/MS. (PubMed, Biology (Basel)) - "In addition, the types and abundance of different metabolites of nucleosides of C. sinensis were superior compared to other Cordyceps (e.g., 5-Methyldioxycytidine, didanosine, cytidine, etc.). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that the metabolism of arginine and proline, and glycerophosphate metabolism were the two significant differences in the metabolic pathways between C. sinensis and other Cordyceps. The research results provide a reference for identifying the authenticity of C. sinensis using non-targeted metabolic methods."

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Viremia Does Not Independently Predict Cardiovascular Disease in People With HIV: A RESPOND Cohort Study. (PubMed, Open Forum Infect Dis) - "We first analyzed the associations between 6 measures of viremia (time-updated, before antiretroviral therapy [ART], viremia category, and measures of cumulative viremia) and CVD after adjusting for the variables in the D:A:D CVD score (age, sex/gender, smoking, family history, diabetes, recent abacavir, CD4 count, blood pressure, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, cumulative use of stavudine, didanosine, indinavir, lopinavir, and darunavir). In this large international cohort, HIV viremia was not associated with CVD when adjusting for established risk factors. Our results did not show viremia to be predictive of CVD among people with HIV."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Myocardial Infarction • CD4

Impact of INSTI on a Drug-Resistant Mutation (S68S Insertion) in a Patient Infected with HIV-1 CRF06_cpx. (PubMed, AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses) - "The patient was treated with zidovudine and didanosine, followed by combination antiretroviral therapy. There were no major DRMs to INSTI in either the patient or her parents. These data highlight the utility of combination therapy with INSTI and KRG."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Study of Cobicistat-Boosted Atazanavir (ATV/co), Cobicistat-Boosted Darunavir (DRV/co) and Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (F/TAF) in Children With HIV (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2/3 | N=133 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: Gilead Sciences | Recruiting ➔ Active, not recruiting

Enrollment closed • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Pediatrics

Cytochromes b5 Occurrence in Viruses Belonging to the Order Megavirales. (PubMed, Res Sq) - "This cytochrome b5 topography suggests adapted biochemical functions in those viruses. Our findings raise questions regarding the evolution and diversity of cytochrome b5 proteins in nature, adding to questions about the origin of viral haemoproteins in general."

Journal • CYB5A

Obliterative Portal Venopathy: An Unusual Case of Liver Fibrosis (ACG 2024) - "There is no established cause of OPV, although it has been associated with HIV infection, Schistosomiasis, prothrombotic states, and medications like Didanosine and Azathioprine. Figure: Liver biopsy H&E stain. Non-inflamed portal tracts with veins that herniate from the portal tracts into surrounding hepatocytes."

Clinical • Autoimmune Hepatitis • Cardiovascular • Fibrosis • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hepatology • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Liver Cirrhosis • Liver Failure • Oncology • Portal Hypertension

Biofilms in modern CaCO3-supersaturated freshwater environments reveal viral proxies. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "These differences between virus groups allow the formulation of a viral proxy, based on the Caudoviricetes/Megaviricetes ratio established on the most abundant groups of viruses. This ratio may be potentially used in analysing ancient DNA preserved in carbonate formations as an additional source of information on the microbiological community during sedimentation."

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