cephalexin / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Gallstone Hepatitis Unmasked: E. coli Bacteremia Secondary to Choledocholithiasis Presenting With Transaminases Exceeding 3,000 IU/L (ACG 2026) - "Further history revealed upper respiratory symptoms, abdominal discomfort, and low-grade fever, prompting evaluation by her primary care physician and treatment with cephalexin for presumed urinary tract infection...She was initiated on N-acetylcysteine therapy given concern for impending hepatic failure...Blood cultures subsequently grew Escherichia coli and Aeromonas hydrophila/caviae, prompting initiation of ceftriaxone therapy...This case highlights the importance of maintaining biliary obstruction in the differential diagnosis of marked hepatocellular injury. Early recognition and biliary decompression with ERCP are critical, as prompt intervention can result in rapid clinical and biochemical recovery."

Autoimmune Hepatitis • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hematological Disorders • Hepatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Liver Failure • Nephrology • Septic Shock

From Nose to Colon: PyodermatitisâPyostomatitis Vegetans Revealing Ulcerative Colitis (ACG 2026) - "Case Description/ A 40-year-old male presented to his primary care provider with a superficial nasal lesion, initially a papule, and completed a course of cephalexin for presumed cellulitis...Given colonic findings, the patient was started on prednisone and had marked improvement of the nasal lesion (Figure 1D and 1E)...Figure: Figure 1: Nasal lesion (A), upper lip ulcer (B), tongue ulcer (C) on presentation and resolution after steroids (D and E). Figure: Figure 2: Colonoscopy findings revealing erythematous, granular and friable appearing mucosa suggestive of UC."

ANCA Vasculitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Dermatopathology • Eosinophilia • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Pyoderma Gangrenosum • Ulcerative Colitis • Vasculitis • CRP

Renal Manifestations in Crohn's Disease: A Case of IgA Nephropathy (ACG 2026) - "Case Description/ A 20-year-old woman with longstanding ileocolonic CD diagnosed in childhood and comorbid psoriasis was in endoscopic remission on adalimumab but transitioned to risankizumab in the past year, remaining clinically stable...She was treated with prednisone and valacyclovir...CT abdomen/pelvis was unremarkable, and she received cephalexin for presumed UTI...It is possible that the viral infection causing Bellâs palsy triggered an immune cascade leading to IgAN. In patients with Crohnâs disease and psoriasis presenting with unexplained proteinuria and hematuria, IgAN should be a key consideration, and early collaboration with Nephrology is critical."

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Crohn's disease • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Glomerulonephritis • IgA Nephropathy • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Nephrology • Psoriasis • Renal Disease

Drug-Induced Vanishing Bile Duct Syndrome Resembling Pancreaticobiliary Malignancy (ACG 2026) - "Cephalexin was thus permanently discontinued, and he improved on ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)...Because nitrofurantoin is structurally unrelated to cephalexin, this response suggests an idiosyncratic hypersensitivity to these antibiotics; his symptoms have since resolved with strict avoidance of all hepatotoxic medications...Figure: High-power (400Ã) view of a portal tract demonstrating ductopenia. The portal tract contains a small hepatic artery and portal vein; however, the bile duct is absent, consistent with loss of the interlobular bile duct."

Biliary Cancer • Cholangiocarcinoma • Cholestasis • Hepatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Liver Failure • Nephrology • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Not Every Distal Esophageal Mass Is Cancer: Acute Necrotizing Esophagitis Masquerading as a Pseudotumor (ACG 2026) - "Management consisted of initial NPO status, IV PPI therapy, IV fluconazole, switching doxycycline to cephalexin, and cautious diet advancement based on clinical recovery. (B) H&E stain, 100Ã, showing pill material and Candida within necroinflammatory debris. (C) PAS stain, 100Ã, highlighting Candida hyphae and yeast forms near pill material."

Esophageal Cancer • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hematological Malignancies • Infectious Disease • Myelodysplastic Syndrome • Oncology • Septic Shock

Antibiotics modulate activity of mouse and human dorsal root ganglia neurons. (PubMed, bioRxiv) - "We found that β-lactams, macrolides, and tetracyclines induce calcium flux in sensory neurons within minutes of application...Pharmacological manipulations further revealed that cephalexin responses depend on TRPA1 activity whereas doxycycline responses require mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. These findings demonstrate that clinically relevant concentrations of antibiotics directly modulate sensory neuron activity through divergent mechanisms, thus expanding our current understanding of antibiotic side effects. Clinically relevant antibiotics induce calcium flux in mouse and human sensory neurons through unique, drug-specific mechanisms."

Journal • Preclinical • TRPA1

Urbanization impacts the environmental microbial community and its antibiotic phenotypic resistance potential by reshaping the diversity and network complexity. (PubMed, Environ Res) - "This phenotypic resistance potential, structured around nodes of cefalexin, amoxicillin, and fosfomycin, exhibited increased topological robustness, a doubling of inter-domain connectivity (bacterial-fungal), and an increase in positive correlation. To conclude, this study reveals that urbanization induces a trade-off between the overall cohesion of microbial ecosystems and the topological robustness of specialized AMR-networks. It highlights the interest of integrating high-resolution network analysis into One Health surveillance of AMR, to accurately predict and intercept the AMR spread in anthropized landscapes, even if this AMR-network constructed using culture-based methods have limitations."

Journal

Cefalexin fingerprinting in water using graphene oxide/gold nanoparticle-modified silica photonic microsphere SERS substrates. (PubMed, Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc) - "Spiked tap-water analysis gave mean recoveries of 86.99-96.83%, supporting the feasibility of direct aqueous screening. The method is best suited to rapid fingerprint-based screening of cefalexin in relatively simple water matrices."

Journal

Increased Risk of Periprosthetic Joint Infection Following Aseptic Revision Hip and Knee Arthroplasty With the Use of Non-Cefazolin Alternative Antibiotics. (PubMed, J Arthroplasty) - "Perioperative cefazolin prophylaxis is a critical modifiable risk factor, providing a substantial protective effect against PJI in aseptic revision TJA. In contrast, extended oral antibiotic prophylaxis provided no additional benefit for culture-negative patients. While UPCs occurred in 4% of cases, only one case subsequently developed PJI with a concordant microorganism. These findings reinforce the importance of standardized cefazolin prophylaxis over alternative agents in aseptic revision TJA."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Orthopedics • Pain

Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Escherichia coli Isolated from Urine Samples of Pediatric Outpatients with Underlying Medical Conditions from Pakistan. (PubMed, Infect Drug Resist) - "The highest rates of resistance were observed against ampicillin (70.3%), cephalexin (60.1%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (59.4%). Low resistance was noted to nitrofurantoin (2.8%) and amikacin (1.8%). Age was a significant predictor, with 1-year old children showing 2.1-fold 95% CI: 1.01-4.55) and 3.6‑fold (95% CI: 1.60-8.15) increased odds of ESBL production and MDR, respectively, compared to children aged 6-12 years. High rates of ESBL-producing and MDR E. coli in Pakistani children with underlying conditions underscore the critical need for antimicrobial stewardship and empirical therapy guided by local susceptibility patterns, particularly in younger children."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Pediatrics

Rapidly progressive methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus abscess of the lower lip: A case report. (PubMed, IDCases) - "Within 48 h, the lesion progressed to marked lower-lip oedema, severe pain, ulceration, crusting, purulent drainage, and fever, despite local incision and oral amoxicillin-clavulanate. After urgent reassessment in Italy, repeat drainage was performed and empirical intravenous vancomycin was started...Purulent material grew methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus resistant to penicillin and tetracycline, while blood cultures remained negative. Clinical improvement was evident within 48 h after repeat drainage and intravenous therapy, allowing de-escalation to oral cephalexin with complete resolution after a 7-day course. This case illustrates how rapidly progressive lip swelling may conceal an organised abscess, particularly when early source control is incomplete. In this anatomical site, persistent progression despite initial treatment should prompt microbiological sampling, cross-sectional imaging when ultrasonography is inconclusive, timely drainage, and..."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pain

The Immediate, Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Photobiomodulation on Chronic Post-Surgical Pain After Tympanomastoidectomy Surgery. (PubMed, J Lasers Med Sci) - "Patients in the PBM group (n=64) received laser therapy (energy density of 8 j/cm2, wavelength of 980 nm, and power of 50 mW in 8 points behind the ear during ten sessions every day) with routine drug therapy, while patients in the control group (n=64) received only routine drug therapy (Dexamethasone, cephalexin 500 mg, acetaminophen 500 mg). Nevertheless, PBM did not show immediate effects on pain. The trial registration number: IRCT200808310011138N28."

Journal • Pain

POPS or POP02: Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety Profile of Understudied Drugs Administered to Children Per Standard of Care (POPS) (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=5000 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Duke University | Trial completion date: Jul 2027 ➔ Dec 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2027 ➔ Nov 2026

Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Asthma • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Dermatology • Developmental Disorders • Endocrine Disorders • Genetic Disorders • Gynecology • Heart Failure • Hematological Disorders • Hemophilia • Hypertension • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Insomnia • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Pain • Pneumonia • Psychiatry • Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension • Pulmonary Disease • Rare Diseases • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Sleep Disorder

dif-XerCD is Required for Chromosome Segregation During cSDR-Dependent Growth in Escherichia coli. (PubMed, Mol Cell Biol) - "However, we found that these mutants accumulate cells with extra DNA contents in the presence of rifampicin and cefalexin, suggesting accumulation of unresolved dimeric or multimeric chromosomes or that of catenated chromosomes due to potential problems in resolution of the replicated chromosomes or in decatenation process. These results indicate that site-specific recombination mediated by dif-XerC/D is essential for cSDR-dependent growth."

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Prophylactic Antibiotics for Outpatient Urethral Bulking (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=150 | Recruiting | Sponsor: University of Miami | Not yet recruiting ➔ Recruiting

Enrollment open • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Urinary Incontinence • Urology

Yersinia antarctica sp. nov., isolated from an Antarctic insect - expanding the genus into polar ecosystems. (PubMed, Int J Syst Evol Microbiol) - "Interestingly, three of the five strains exhibited resistance to β-lactams (amoxicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanate) and first- and second-generation cephalosporins (cefalexin and cefoxitin) associated with the presence of the ampC gene, encoding a class C beta-lactamase, in their genome. The type strain is BI01T (=CIP 112622T=DSM 121309T). The distribution of this species is not limited to Antarctica, as few publicly available genomes indicate its presence in continental Russia and the Russian Arctic, with isolates recovered from rodents, polar bears and birds."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Synergy between orally bioavailable antibiotics and dalbavancin against MRSA. (PubMed, J Antimicrob Chemother) - "Cefadroxil is a first-generation cephalosporin, like cephalexin, but with a longer half-life that allows for a typical 12-h dosing interval. In our study, we found that synergy between cefadroxil and dalbavancin was common regardless of susceptibility to cefadroxil or dalbavancin, suggesting that this might be a promising companion agent to add to dalbavancin in patients with deep-seated infections that may benefit from synergistic activity to enhance bactericidal effects. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and moxifloxacin may improve activity and are unlikely to be antagonistic. Clarithromycin and doxycycline seem least likely to offer a benefit."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Comparison of oral third- versus first-/ second-generation cephalosporins for acute uncomplicated cystitis: a nationwide retrospective cohort study. (PubMed, Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis) - "Oral third-generation cephalosporins may be associated with more frequent additional antibiotic treatment compared with cephalexin or cefaclor in the management of uncomplicated cystitis."

Journal • Retrospective data • Infectious Disease • Nephrology

Repurposing Success: Real-World Validation of a Novel Cephalosporin Decontamination Protocol Using Chlorine Dioxide and Disc Diffusion Testing. (PubMed, Appl Biosaf) - "Antimicrobial susceptibility discs (ASDs) contaminated with cephalosporins (Cefalexin, Cefaclor, Cefixime, Cefuroxime) were exposed to both aqueous (400 ppm for 24 h) and gaseous ClO2 (5 mg/L for >5 h) in separate cycles, achieving a minimum cumulative exposure of 9600 ppm-hours in both. Analysis confirmed that cephalosporin residues were degraded to levels below the acceptable limits (<1 μg/disc) with microbial challenge testing supporting the success of the cycle, with no significant biological activity remaining in the discs placed throughout the facility. This study presents the first successful protocol for cephalosporin facility decontamination using gaseous ClO2 in a real-world setting."

Journal • Real-world evidence

High-dose Cephalexin for Cellulitis (HI-DOCC) (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=454 | Completed | Sponsor: Ottawa Hospital Research Institute | Enrolling by invitation ➔ Completed | Trial completion date: Aug 2026 ➔ Apr 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2025 ➔ Apr 2026

Trial completion • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Dermatology

Effectiveness and Limitations of Environmental Risk Assessments to Identify Antibiotics of Greatest Concern in Australia. (PubMed, Regul Toxicol Pharmacol) - "The results from this analysis demonstrate that the environmental risks posed by antibiotics in Australia may be significant with amoxicillin, cefalexin, clindamycin, azithromycin and phenoxymethylpenicillin predicted to exceed environmental risk thresholds. This has implications for the applicability of current environmental risk assessment models both in Australia and overseas. Despite these limitations, this model presents several advantages as a simple method to screen for high-risk antibiotics and is still more effective than the current Australian approach of having no ERA requirements for medicines."

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HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis, STI testing intensity and antibiotic prescribing among men who have sex with men: a retrospective cohort study. (PubMed, Clin Microbiol Infect) - "In PrEP care, testing intensity was strongly associated with detected CT/NG incidence and STI-directed antibiotic prescribing. Risk-stratified testing strategies should be evaluated as part of antimicrobial stewardship in PrEP programmes."

Journal • Retrospective data • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Microbiological and molecular detection of virulent and antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in retail chickens from the metropolitan region of Belém, Pará, Brazil. (PubMed, Rev Argent Microbiol) - "In contrast, PCR detected at least one virulence gene in all positive samples, with the iss gene being identified in 100% and the tsh gene in 85.7% (12/14) Among the 25 E. coli isolates obtained from the organs of chickens from both retail sources, 76% were resistant to enrofloxacin (76%), sulfamethoxazole (40%), doxycycline (36%), amoxicillin (32%), and cephalexin (28%). These findings indicate that retail broilers may harbor E. coli strains carrying virulence genes and exhibiting multidrug resistance, suggesting a potential public health concern for food safety."

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Green Foot Discoloration Secondary to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an Elderly Male. (PubMed, Cureus) - "The patient was treated with IV cefepime followed by step-down therapy with oral cephalexin and doxycycline, along with acetic acid soaks and wound care. The patient demonstrated clinical improvement and was discharged to his nursing facility with wound care follow-up. This case highlights the clinical challenge of distinguishing Pseudomonas colonization from invasive infection in elderly patients with chronic skin changes and underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach involving infectious diseases and wound care."

Journal • Acute Kidney Injury • Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Diabetes • Hypertension • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Nephrology • Orthopedics • Pain • Renal Disease • Thrombosis • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Elevated rates of skin and soft tissue infections in GBM compared with men in the general population, Vancouver, Canada (AIDS 2026) - "New diagnoses of SSTI were consistently higher for GBM than men in the general population. Use of doxycycline, but not cephalexin, was also higher over the study period. Administrative datasets can contribute to monitoring impact of doxyPEP scale-up/implementation."

Clinical • Glioblastoma • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease