cephalexin / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

A not too Fragile Bacteroides. (PubMed, J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect) - "Another source of E. coli could have been from her recent E. coli urinary tract infection, whose growth from blood cultures could have been suppressed from recent course of cephalexin. She was treated with six weeks of metronidazole for the Bacteroides fragilis and ceftriaxone for possible co-infection with E. coli, resulting in improvement of her back pain and down-trending inflammatory markers on clinic follow-up after six weeks."

Journal • Back Pain • CNS Disorders • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hypotension • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Musculoskeletal Pain • Nephrology • Orthopedics • Pain • Septic Shock

Cephalexin-loaded polyvinyl alcohol/graphene oxide thin films as antibacterial wound dressing. (PubMed, RSC Adv) - "Additionally, the drug-containing films exhibited potent antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Evaluating the cytocompatibility of the samples revealed desired cell viability up to 64 mg mL-1 during 24 h, and the toxic effect of the samples was increased in a concentration-dependent manner."

Journal • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • Infectious Disease

Symmetrical Drug-Related Intertriginous and Flexural Exanthema Induced by Cephalexin: Diagnostic Value of Lesion-Site Patch Testing. (PubMed, Contact Dermatitis) - No abstract available

Journal • Immunology

Characterization of β-lactam resistance in dual-species biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. (PubMed, Biofouling) - "Compared to monocultures, MSSA exhibited reduced susceptibility to cephalexin, ampicillin, and cefazolin, while P. aeruginosa showed reduced susceptibility to cefazolin and nafcillin within dual-species biofilms. Interestingly, co-cultures of MSSA with the ΔpslA pelF mutant strain increased the survival of ΔpslA pelF under β-lactam exposure. Overall, these findings advance our understanding of how interdependent bacterial interactions compensate for the loss of matrix components and thereby contribute to antimicrobial tolerance in polymicrobial biofilms."

Journal • Cystic Fibrosis • Genetic Disorders • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Bacteria Isolated from Canine Skin and Ear Infections in Serbia. (PubMed, Antibiotics (Basel)) - "Staphylococci showed high resistance to macrolides, clindamycin, tetracycline, and first-line β-lactams (amoxicillin-clavulanate, cephalexin), with the highest susceptibilities to amikacin, florfenicol, and rifampicin. One isolate of each species was resistant to all tested drugs. These findings confirm high levels of antimicrobial resistance in major canine skin and ear pathogens and emphasize the need for susceptibility-based therapy, rational antimicrobial use, and ongoing surveillance in small-animal practice."

Journal • Dermatology • Infectious Disease • Otorhinolaryngology

Antimicrobial use in breeding kennels and antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated from healthy breeding bitches in Northern Italy. (PubMed, Front Vet Sci) - "coli exhibited the highest resistance to ampicillin (around 50%), moderate resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (~24%) and cefalexin (~47%), while resistance to the remaining agents was low (generally ≤10-15%); the prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli was 7.76%. The generally high levels of acquired resistance suggest extensive antimicrobial use, especially beta-lactams. Breeder responses were partly inconsistent, indicating that complementary strategies should be adopted to monitor antimicrobial use in dog breeding facilities."

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Safety and Effectiveness of a Fixed-Dose Combination of Cephalexin Extended Release and Clavulanate Potassium in Bacterial Sore Throat and Uncomplicated Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections: A Multicentre, Open-Label, Phase IV Study in India. (PubMed, Drugs Real World Outcomes) - "In this real-world study, the fixed-dose combination of cephalexin CV was safe, well tolerated and efficacious in terms of clinical and microbiological success for the treatment of URTIs and uSSTIs. In the current era of antimicrobial resistance, the fixed-dose combination of cephalexin CV can be an alternative therapeutic option."

Journal • P4 data • Allergy • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Otorhinolaryngology • Respiratory Diseases

Management and Outcomes of Paediatric Bone and Joint Infections in a Regional Australian Hospital: A 10-Year Retrospective Study. (PubMed, J Paediatr Child Health) - "Paediatric BJI mostly occurred in young and in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. Oral antibiotic weight-based dosing was often lower than international guideline recommendations for BJI. These findings highlight the need for standardised antibiotic dosing in BJI and further studies to optimise dosing in children."

Journal • Retrospective data • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Pediatrics • Rheumatology

Antibiotics in Septorhinoplasty: Routine Necessity or Unnecessary Precaution? A Nationwide Propensity-Score Matched Retrospective Cohort Study. (PubMed, Aesthetic Plast Surg) - "Prophylactic antibiotics did not significantly reduce the risk of infection, cellulitis, or sepsis in septorhinoplasty patients. Future research is required to optimize evidence-based guidelines on antibiotic use in elective nasal surgeries."

Journal • Retrospective data • Aesthetic Medicine • Chronic Kidney Disease • Dermatology • Diabetes • Fibrosis • Gastroenterology • Hepatology • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammatory Arthritis • Liver Cirrhosis • Lupus • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Otorhinolaryngology • Renal Disease • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Rheumatology • Septic Shock • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Motility, biofilm, and endotoxin in Ralstonia pickettii isolates obtained from purified and ultrapure pharmaceutical water systems. (PubMed, Acta Pharm) - "Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed consistent resistance to colistin, as well as significant resistance rates to β-lactam antibiotics, ertapenem, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ticarcillin and ampicillin. High susceptibility to first-generation cephalosporins, cephalexin, cefoxitin and chloramphenicol was observed. All isolates were susceptible to tigecycline and tetracycline...The study highlights R. pickettii's adaptability in pharmaceutical water systems, marked by its motility, biofilm-forming capabilities, and multidrug resistance. These results emphasise the importance of rigorous monitoring of water systems to reduce transmission risks and prevent the emergence of resistant strains in clinical environments."

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Prophylactic antibiotics to prevent postcesarean infection: which antimicrobial, when, how, and why? (PubMed, Am J Obstet Gynecol) - "Cefazolin is the standard prophylactic agent due to its broad-spectrum activity, favorable pharmacokinetics, and established safety. However, its lack of activity against organisms such as Ureaplasma species has motivated investigation of adjunctive azithromycin, particularly in high-risk or unscheduled cesarean deliveries, where randomized trials and meta-analyses show additional benefit in reducing wound infections and endometritis. For patients with severe beta-lactam allergies, clindamycin and gentamicin are commonly used, although use of these agents is associated with higher rates of surgical site infection, increased antimicrobial resistance, and risks such as nephrotoxicity and necrotizing enterocolitis due to Clostridioides difficile infection...In addition, emerging evidence suggests that adjunctive postcesarean antibiotic administration (eg, cephalexin with metronidazole) may reduce wound complications in obese women, although professional guidelines remain in..."

Clinical • Journal • Review • Allergy • Anesthesia • Endometriosis • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Genetic Disorders • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Obesity

Trends in Group A Streptococcus Isolation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility in a Pediatric Population (2021-2023): Comparison with Six Previous Surveys. (PubMed, Jpn J Infect Dis) - "Resistance (I + R) rates were as follows: azithromycin (20%), erythromycin (19%), clarithromycin (19%), tetracycline (8%), and clindamycin (4%). No β-lactam resistance was previously observed; however, two isolates (1%) showed elevated MICs to cefalexin, suggesting reduced susceptibility. These findings underscore the importance of continued monitoring of GAS isolation trends and antimicrobial resistance, including emerging β-lactam reduced susceptibility."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pediatrics • Respiratory Diseases

Antibiotics in Tactical Combat Casualty Care 2025: TCCC Change 25-1. (PubMed, J Spec Oper Med) - "The panel recommends changing the oral antibiotic to cefadroxil (preferred) or cephalexin (alternative) and the parenteral antibiotic to ceftriaxone. In light of these changes in TCCC antibiotics, considerations should be made within Prolonged Casualty Care guidelines for the narrower spectrum of antibiotics and surveillance for unanticipated in-creases in specific injury patterns such as post-traumatic en-dophthalmitis, open fractures, or abdominal injuries."

Journal • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Ophthalmology • Orthopedics

Optic disc edema associated with neuroborreliosis. (PubMed, IDCases) - "The patient and accompanying guardian reported a preceding history of fever, rash, and presumed cellulitis, which resolved with cephalexin. This case presents successful treatment of neuroborreliosis associated optic disc edema with doxycycline and oral prednisone in a pediatric patient. Corticosteroids can facilitate the resolution of optic disc edema after antibiotic treatment."

Journal • Dermatology • Infectious Disease • Inflammatory Arthritis • Lyme Disease • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Optic Neuritis • Pain • Pediatrics • Strabismus

Fosfomycin susceptibility of uropathogens resistant to antibiotics used in peri-operative prophylaxis of urinary tract infection among patients after urogynaecological surgery. (PubMed, Ann Agric Environ Med) - "Peri-operative prophylaxis of UTI with FT is a promising alternative to classic antibiotics due to the high susceptibility of uropathogens, including MDR isolates. The decision about the prophylaxis method should be made based on the epidemiological updated recommendations. The study shows the need for ongoing observation of antibiotic resistance patterns in order to guide prophylaxis recommendations, especially in the era of MDR pathogens."

Journal • Retrospective data • Gynecology • Infectious Disease • Nephrology

Antibiotic Resistance of Campylobacter Species Isolated From Foods, Animals and Humans in Iran Through One Health Approach: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (PubMed, Vet Med Sci) - "isolates in Iran have high resistance proportions to beta-lactams (including cefixime (0.97), cephalothin (0.84), ceftriaxone (0.76), cephalexin (0.63), ceftazidime (0.53) and carbenicillin (0.38)), fluoroquinolones (including ofloxacin (0.79), nalidixic acid (0.51) and ciprofloxacin (0.52)), sulfonamides like trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (0.68) (potentiated sulfonamides), florfenicol (0.62), tetracycline (0.57) and macrolides (including erythromycin (0.12) and azithromycin (0.17))...showed low resistance rates to aminoglycosides (including neomycin (0.08), amikacin (0.08), meropenem (0.06), spectinomycin (0.04), gentamicin (0.04) and imipenem (0.02)) and chloramphenicol (0.07). Regarding Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni isolates, resistance to erythromycin (0.18-0.09), and gentamycin (0.08-0.04) was higher in C. coli than C. jejuni isolates, respectively, whereas resistance to ciprofloxacin (0.56) and tetracycline (0.56) was higher in C. jejuni...were tetO..."

Clinical • Journal • Retrospective data • Review

From Bacterial Diversity to Zoonotic Risk: Characterization of Snake-Associated Salmonella Isolated in Poland with a Focus on Rare O-Ag of LPS, Antimicrobial Resistance and Survival in Human Serum. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "One isolate was classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR), showing resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, cefuroxime, cephalexin, tigecycline, and fosfomycin. These findings demonstrate that wild snakes in Poland can act as reservoirs of pathogenic and zoonotic Salmonella, emphasizing their epidemiological significance in natural ecosystems."

Journal • Infectious Disease

The Mechanism of Emodin Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection and Research on Synergistic Antibiotics. (PubMed, Life (Basel)) - "Furthermore, emodin acted synergistically with β-lactam antibiotics: it enhanced the ability of cefalexin to block bacterial adhesion and invasion of HaCat cells, and potentiated the efficacy of amoxicillin in clearing MRSA from infected macrophages. In conclusion, emodin employs a multi-target mechanism against MRSA and can resensitize the bacterium to conventional β-lactam antibiotics, presenting a promising strategy for combination therapy that may help curb antibiotic use and resistance development."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli and Pediatric UTIs: A Review of the Literature and Selected Experimental Observations. (PubMed, Antibiotics (Basel)) - "Interestingly, some patients with ESBL-producing UTIs improve clinically following treatment with antibiotics like cephalexin, despite demonstrated in vitro resistance...Although no synergy was observed, ESBL-producing isolates demonstrated reduced bacterial burden in vivo compared to a non-ESBL UPEC strain. These findings suggest that host immune factors and environmental conditions may influence the fitness and virulence of drug-resistant UTI pathogens, warranting further investigation."

Journal • Review • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Pediatrics

Isolation, identification, and susceptibility testing of Staphylococcus caprae from dairy goats with mastitis to antibiotics and Chinese herbal medicines. (PubMed, Front Vet Sci) - "Susceptibility testing indicated that the isolate was susceptible to Antibiotics such as cefradine, cephalexin, cefuroxime, and ciprofloxacin, while showing the poorest susceptibility to penicillin among the tested antibiotics. This study provides multiple therapeutic and preventive options (CHMs, Antibiotics, phytogenic extracts) for mastitis control on this farm. It also offers valuable insights into the identification and treatment of mastitis in dairy goats, contributing to safeguarding goat health and ensuring dairy product safety."

Journal • Infectious Disease

KEFALOS: The Effect of Losartan on Cephalexin (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1 | N=12 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Aleksi Tornio

New P1 trial

Familial cluster of cutaneous anthrax in North Khorasan, Iran: A case series and public health reflection. (PubMed, IDCases) - "All patients presented with characteristic black eschars on the hands and received initial inappropriate antibiotic treatment with cephalexin...Subsequent treatment with ciprofloxacin led to full recovery in each case. These cases highlight the importance of accurate and timely diagnosis, the risks associated with the empirical use of ineffective antibiotics, and the need for clinician awareness in endemic settings. Public health responses should incorporate veterinary control measures, public education, and clinician training to prevent future cases."

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Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacterial pathogens associated with subclinical mastitis and dairy farm environments. (PubMed, Pol J Vet Sci) - "Tetracycline resistance was highest among E. coli isolates, particularly in milk samples from mastitic cows, rectal fecal samples, unpasteurised cow's milk, farmer's feces, soil, and feed, while resistance to amikacin, cefepime, cefoxitin, cephalexin, ertapenem, and norfloxacin remained lower. The mecA gene was identified in three S. aureus isolates (3/57, 5.3%): two from cows affected with subclinical mastitis and one from a farmer's hand. These findings highlighted the prevalence of major bacterial pathogens, potential therapeutic challenges and public health risks associated with the presence of AMR bacteria and raw milk consumption."

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Impact of ions co-occurring in water on antibiotics degradation by UV-based advanced oxidation process. (PubMed, Chemosphere) - "In the UV-only treatment, ciprofloxacin, cefalexin, and ceftiofur were fully degraded within 5 min, meropenem within 10 min, and penicillin G, roxithromycin, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, and sulfamethazine within 30 min. A bioluminescence assay showed relatively low acute toxicity of the antibiotics before and after treatments, with a maximum of 4.1 rTU observed during the UV/chlorine process in the presence of co-occurring ions. Notably, this is the first study to report on antibiotic degradation under realistic concentrations of antibiotics and co-occurring ions, demonstrating that the UV/chlorine process offers the most effective performance for antibiotic degradation."

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Challenges in Graphene-Based Biosensing: Exploring Critical Limitations and Strategies. (PubMed, ACS Sens) - "Our findings suggest that optimizing the functionalization protocol or employing alternative surface modification techniques, such as defect engineering or using linker molecules, is necessary to achieve consistent and reliable detection. This study sheds light on the challenges of using EDC-NHS chemistry with pristine graphene and provides a roadmap for improving sensor reproducibility in the detection of penicillin and cephalexin."

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