carbidopa/levodopa / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Outcome of People with Parkinson's Disease Treated with Levodopa-Entacapone-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel Who Failed Previous Subcutaneous Foslevodopa/Foscarbidopa. (PubMed, Brain Sci) - "From Vpre to Vpost, "Off" time was reduced in 2.9 ± 1.9 h (p = 0.002) and motor symptoms burden improved significantly (p = 0.013), whereas a trend of significance was found for non-motor symptoms burden (p = 0.050) and quality of life (p = 0.126). LECIG could be an alternative therapeutic option in PwP who failed fLD/fCD."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Dementia • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

FDA mandates label updates to common Parkinson's meds based on seizure risk finding (Fierce Pharma) - "Healthcare providers should evaluate patients’ baseline vitamin B6 levels prior to and during treatment and supplement patients with the vitamin as necessary, the warning says....The label update affects Amneal’s Crexont and Rytary; Avion Pharmaceuticals’ Dhivy; Merck’s Sinemet and controlled-release Sinemet CR; Novartis’ Stalevo; and AbbVie’s Duopa. Also affected is AbbVie’s newer Vyalev, a subcutaneous treatment that delivers prodrugs of carbidopa and levodopa via an infusion pump system....In its safety review, the FDA identified 14 causes of seizures linked to vitamin B6 deficiency in patients taking the common Parkinson’s disease drugs, including 13 instances that were submitted to the FDA’s adverse events reporting system and 1 reported in medical literature."

Adverse events • FDA event • Parkinson's Disease

Demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy after foslevodopa-foscarbidopa subcutaneous infusion. (PubMed, Lancet Neurol) - No abstract available

Journal • Pain

PARKINSONISM FOLLOWING VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS (SHINGLES) INFECTION: A CASE REPORT (ADPD 2026) - "She received two courses of oral valacyclovir after recurrence but never IV acyclovir...Sinemet improved most symptoms except foot dystonia... The relationship between parkinsonism and VZV is uncertain, with evidence suggesting but not confirming an association. A veteran cohort study found no increased Parkinson's disease risk after VZV exposure, whereas a meta-analysis and systematic review reported a significant association (1,3). Another study linked higher anti-VZV antibody levels with Parkinson's risk (6)."

Case report • Clinical • CNS Disorders • Dystonia • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Herpes Zoster • Infectious Disease • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Varicella Zoster

AADC ENZYME ACTIVITY AND PROTEIN LEVELS IN SERUM DO NOT DIFFERENTIATE DEMENTIA WITH LEWY BODIES FROM CONTROLS OR OTHER DEMENTIAS (ADPD 2026) - "Data for a limited number (n=7) of patients on dopamine-related medication showed a clear increase in AADC enzyme activity and protein levels during levodopa/carbidopa treatment, and a decrease in patients who received risperidone, a combined serotonin 5-HT2A and dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. Serum AADC enzyme activity showed a moderate-strong correlation with serum AADC protein levels. Serum AADC enzyme activity showed a moderate-strong correlation with serum AADC protein levels. However, neither serum AADC enzyme activity nor AADC protein levels were suitable as biomarkers to detect DLB or to discriminate DLB from other types of dementia. Finally, dopaminergic medication had strong effects on serum AADC enzyme activity and protein levels in the small subset of patients using this medication."

ADC • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Dementia • Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration • Lewy Body Disease • DRD2

CONTINUOUS SUBCUTANEOUS INFUSION OF FOSLEVADOPA/FOSCARBIDOPA) FOR PEOPLE WITH ADVANCED PARKINSON'S DISEASE: A REAL WORLD SINGLE-CENTRE EXPERIENCE. (ADPD 2026) - "Aims: Continuous subcutaneous infusion (CSCI) of foslevodopa/foscarbidopa a novel treatment of severe motor fluctuations in advanced Parkinson's disease(1). We demonstrate the initial "real world" experience with a novel CSCI for PD in a single center in Ireland. Dosing rates differ in the majority from the initial calculated dose. Common reasons for discontinuation are skin site reactions and neuropsychatric side effects."

Clinical • Metastases • Real-world • Real-world evidence • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

ATYPICAL PSYCHOSIS IN PARKINSON DISEASE: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY ON 24-HOUR CONTINUOUS SUBCUTANEOUS INFUSION OF FOSLEVODOPA/FOSCARBIDOPA (ADPD 2026) - "CSCI-induced psychosis is distinct from visual hallucinations observed in typical PD psychosis and likely involves impulsive-compulsive behaviors associated with dopamine dysregulation. While QUIP-CS is seldom used clinically, PDQ39_sub5 provides a practical alternative for assessing psychosis risk, potentially effective for predicting and managing atypical psychosis in PD patients receiving advanced dopaminergic therapies."

Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Psychiatry

WHAT CAME FIRST: THE ALLIGATOR OR THE CROCODILE (ADPD 2026) - "When referred to our clinic in mid-2019, he had already been initiated on Carbidopa/Levodopa 25/100 1 tablet TID, and reported moderate improvement...This behavior remitted after initiation of pimavanserin... This case study highlights the need to answer several questions: How many people have PD and AD? What occurs first? What can be done to effectively treat both neurodegenerative conditions?"

CNS Disorders • Depression • Mood Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Aβ42

INDEX STUDY OF COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AMONG MILD PARKINSON'S PATIENTS IN THE MOST POPULOUS STATE IN NIGERIA-KANO. DIABOLUS IN SUBTILITATE. (ADPD 2026) - "Definitive large-scale studies on PD MCI in large metropolitan/densely populated areas like Kano Nigeria, the most populous State in West Africa need adequate screening and documentations for early interventions strategies and enhance activities of daily living. A cross section study with structured questiionaire and clinical assessments. On bivariate analysis, level of education (p-value 0.031), presence of hypertension (p-value 0.005), higher pulse rate (p-value 0.011), tremor-dominant PD phenotype (p-value 0.032), and levodopa/carbidopa use (p-value 0.048) were found to be significant factors associated with CI in PwPD... PD MCI is common with a prevalence of 25% in Norther Nigeria. Significant variables associated with PD MCI include HTN and lower socio-economic status and lower level of formal education on both bivariate and regression analysis."

Clinical • Alzheimer's Disease • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Hypertension • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

EARLY REAL-WORLD EXPERIENCE OF FOSLEVODOPA/FOSCARBIDOPA INFUSION THERAPY IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE – A SINGLE CENTER RETROSPECTIVE STUDY (ADPD 2026) - "Real-world data from treatment with pLD/pCD infusion at a tertiary centre mirror the results from previous phase III and preliminary reports from an ongoing phase IV study, indicating that the treatment is efficacious and tolerable in most patients. Frail patients who would not have been included in the clinical trials were more likely to terminate treatment. Dropouts due to adverse events call for better identification of risk factors and mitigation strategies."

Real-world • Real-world evidence • Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

SAFETY, PHARMACOKINETICS, AND PHARMACODYNAMICS OF MULTIPLE DOSES OF ARV-102, A PROTAC LRRK2 DEGRADER, IN PARTICIPANTS WITH PARKINSON'S DISEASE (ADPD 2026) - "The aim of this ongoing phase 1 study is to evaluate single and multiple doses of ARV-102 in participants with Parkinson's disease; this report focuses on the multiple-dose portion. This single-center, double-blind, phase 1 study (EUCT 2024-516888-84-00) enrolled males and females (aged 40–80 years) with a Parkinson's disease diagnosis, no major motor fluctuations or dyskinesia, Hoehn and Yahr score ≤3, and stable dose of levodopa/carbidopa (if receiving). This first report of clinical data for repeated once-daily oral dosing of the PROTAC LRRK2 degrader ARV-102 in participants with Parkinson's disease will provide important insights into its potential as a disease-modifying treatment."

Clinical • PK/PD data • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Targeted Protein Degradation • LRRK2

Hypotensive Episodes Precede Cognitive Fluctuations in Parkinson's Disease Dementia. (PubMed, Mov Disord Clin Pract) - "Hypotensive episodes may be under-recognized contributors to CFs in PDD. Interventions targeting hypotension warrant further investigation as potential strategies to mitigate CFs. Incorporation of ABPM into routine clinical evaluation may help guide their management."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Dementia • Hypotension • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Fat Necrosis with Secondary Abscess Formation at Foscarbidopa-Foslevodopa Infusion Sites: A Novel Cutaneous Adverse Reaction in Parkinson's Therapy (AAD 2026) - "Despite oral cefadroxil, topical clobetasol, and intralesional steroids, nodules recurred at additional sites. Continued nodule development in patients should prompt a risk-benefit discussion with the treating neurologist. Further research is needed to improve infusion site tolerability."

CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Mood Disorders • Movement Disorders • Obesity • Parkinson's Disease

Montelukast in Parkinson Disease (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2/3 | N=60 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Mostafa Bahaa | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 ➔ Dec 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Nov 2024 ➔ Nov 2026

Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Clinical Study to Evaluate the Possible Efficacy of Metformin in Patients With Parkinson's Disease (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=60 | Completed | Sponsor: Tanta University | Recruiting ➔ Completed

Trial completion • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Potential Synergistic Roles of Ketogenic Diet and Stem Cell Therapy in Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review. (PubMed, Cureus) - "While first-line treatments often include exogenous dopamine therapy, such as levodopa-carbidopa, and surgical procedures or deep brain stimulation, these mainstream therapeutics often fail to improve disabling symptoms of PD, induce serious side effects, and have no effect in controlling disease progression...This narrative review was conducted using a structured literature search from PubMed and Google Scholar using terms such as PD, stem cell therapy, ketogenic diet, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. Given the central roles of mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired protein clearance, and neuroinflammation in PD pathophysiology, the combined use of metabolic interventions and stem cell-based strategies represents an avenue for future investigation. Currently, there are no clinical trials using human models to establish the safety, feasibility, or efficacy of the combined therapy using the ketogenic diet and stem cell therapy in PD. Rigorous..."

Journal • Review • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Movement Disorders • Oncology • Parkinson's Disease

Novel Biallelic AOPEP Variants Presenting with Unilateral Wing Beating Tremor in Active Duty Military Member (AAN 2026) - "A physical exam revealed an immediate right arm high amplitude postural tremor with dystonic posturing at the wrist, worse in the wing-beating position that was not distractible, without parkinsonism features...His tremor was refractory to trihexyphenidyl, propranolol, topiramate, primidone, and a carbidopa/levodopa challenge... AOPEP variants rarely cause parkinsonism and dystonia. Biallelic mutations are known to cause dystonia 31 which we suspect has manifested with a novel combination of heterozygous autosomal recessive variants, with one allele likely inherited and the other arising de novo. Additionally, the dystonic tremor seen in this case expands the phenotype of dystonia 31 which has not been described yet."

CNS Disorders • Dystonia • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Parkinsonism Following BCMA-Directed CAR T-Cell Therapy with Symmetric DAT-SPECT Abnormalities (AAN 2026) - "Due to disease progression, he received BCMA-directed CAR T-cell therapy with ciltacabtagene autoleucel at age 68. Shortly thereafter, he developed cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell–associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), which improved with anakinra and dexamethasone...Treatment with carbidopa/levodopa produced mild improvement... Poorly DOPA-responsive parkinsonism following BCMA-directed CAR T-cell therapy represents a rare but clinically significant delayed neurotoxicity. The symmetric rather than asymmetric DAT-SPECT abnormality, with bilateral caudate involvement early in the clinical course and temporal association with prior immune effector cell toxicity, suggests immune-mediated dopaminergic dysfunction rather than idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Recognition of this potential complication is important for timely diagnosis and management."

CAR T-Cell Therapy • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Diabetes • Hematological Malignancies • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Monoclonal Gammopathy • Movement Disorders • Multiple Myeloma • Parkinson's Disease

Non-ICANS Neurologic Toxicity Following Anti-BCMA Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell-therapy: Clinical Features and Outcomes (AAN 2026) - " 11 patients were identified (64% male, median age 70 years, range 57–76), all treated with BCMA-directed CAR-T (ciltacabtagene autoleucel) for multiple myeloma...Partial improvement (2); treated with cyclophosphamide (1), carbidopa-levodopa (2)... CNPs and MNTs following BCMA CAR-T are clinically significant. Initiation of corticosteroids, with adjunctive cyclophosphamide in MNTs may improve neurologic recovery."

CAR T-Cell Therapy • Clinical • Alzheimer's Disease • Cognitive Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Movement Disorders • Multiple Myeloma

The Safety and Efficacy of Monoamine Oxidase-B Inhibitors as Add-on Therapy to Dopamine Agonists for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (AAN 2026) - "Objective: ‎This meta-analysis aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of both irreversible and reversible monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors as add-on therapy in patients with Parkinson's disease.Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease, treated with carbidopa/levodopa or a dopamine agonist...They can be irreversible (selegiline and rasagiline) or reversible (safinamide)... Selegiline (10mg/day) and safinamide (100mg) offer good therapeutic benefit as add-on therapy for PD. However, safinamide (100mg) has a relatively better safety profile as compared to selegiline (10mg/day). Further research should emphasize on long-term effects of these drugs through longitudinal studies focusing on patient-reported outcomes."

Retrospective data • Review • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Real-world Tolerability of Foslevodopa/Foscarbidopa Subcutaneous Infusion in Parkinson's Disease: Discontinuation Beyond Titration (AAN 2026) - "LDp/CDp CSI appears to be an effective and generally well-tolerated non-surgical treatment option for managing motor fluctuations in PD. However, skin reactions and neuropsychiatric side effects warrant close monitoring during follow-up."

Clinical • Real-world • Real-world evidence • CNS Disorders • Dystonia • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Assessing the Accuracy and Timeliness of Medication Administration for Hospitalized Patients with Parkinson's Disease (AAN 2026) - "Objective: To evaluate the accuracy and timeliness of in-hospital administration of carbidopa-levodopa in patients with Parkinson Disease.Background: Patients with Parkinson Disease (PD) are at considerable risk of hospitalization due to baseline disturbances in balance, gait, and swallowing dysfunction... Our analysis found that the majority of CL doses were not administered to hospitalized CL patients within a timely manner. Coordinating accurate and timely CL administration for hospitalized PD patients can be understandingly difficult for providers and staff less familiar with these regimens. This project aims to provide awareness and underscore the importance of adhering to proper PD medication times."

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Otorhinolaryngology • Parkinson's Disease

Levodopa-induced Hemolytic Anemia in a Parkinson's Disease Patient: A Case Report (AAN 2026) - "Coombs-positive AIHA is an uncommon yet a clinically significant complication of levodopa/carbidopa that can force withdrawal of the most effective PD therapy and precipitate profound functional decline. Early multidisciplinary coordination, explicit risk counseling, and consideration of therapeutic alternatives (including consideration for DBS candidacy) are key when AIHA limits dopaminergic options."

Case report • Clinical • Anemia • Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia • CNS Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Hepatology • Immunology • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • HP

Delayed-onset Parkinsonism Following BCMA-directed CAR-T Therapy (AAN 2026) - "He received high-dose dexamethasone with a prednisone taper. He showed poor response to sequential monotherapies, including carbidopa/levodopa, carbidopa/levodopa plus entacapone, ropinirole and rotigotine. Combination therapy with rotigotine, amantadine, and levodopa induced hallucinations. Midodrine improved orthostasis, but overall pharmacological response was minimal... This case underscores MNT as a significant delayed complication of BCMA-directed CAR-T therapy, aligning with European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) guidelines. It emphasizes the need for extended neurological surveillance, recognition of limited dopaminergic therapy efficacy, early immunomodulatory interventions despite inconsistent results and involvement in registries to better elucidate prevalence, underlying mechanisms, and optimal management strategies."

IO biomarker • CNS Disorders • Depression • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hematological Malignancies • Hypotension • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Movement Disorders • Multiple Myeloma • Parkinson's Disease • Septic Shock

Efficacy and Safety of Continuous Subcutaneous Levodopa-Carbidopa /Foscarbidopa-Foslevodopa Infusion for Advanced Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis (AAN 2026) - "The Subcutaneous mode of administration offers a superior effect compared to the oral L-C for motor control and across quality of life domains. While the subcutaneous mode provides a valuable alternative to oral therapy, further research To confirm long-term efficacy and standardize ISR management is needed."

Metastases • Retrospective data • Review • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Sleep Disorder