chlorprothixene / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

From Blood to Brain: Postmortem Brain Concentrations and Brain-Blood Ratios of Chlorprothixene, Clozapine, Olanzapine and Quetiapine. (PubMed, J Anal Toxicol) - "Corresponding brain-blood ratios remained stable across the examined concentration range with median ratios of 3.1 for chlorprothixene, 2.9 for clozapine, 2.6 for olanzapine and 3.0 for quetiapine. The provided brain concentrations and ratios can support further toxicological evaluations of postmortem cases."

Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders

Co-occurring standing and traveling waves in mouse resting-state functional ultrasound imaging (OHBM 2026) - "We used a novel sedative combination encompassing the use of low-dose isoflurane with chlorprothixene, which preserves spontaneous pupil dynamics 4...Our data also suggest that under low-arousal conditions, the dimensionality of brain dynamics is increased by the independent contribution of standing hemodynamic waves, rather than being compressed into a single arousal-embedded manifold. The dCAPs framework we introduced here provides a new way for interrogating the spatiotemporal organization of both standing and traveling hemodynamic activity underlying FC."

Preclinical • CNS Disorders

Neither Therapeutic Plasma Exchange nor High-Flux Hemodialysis Enhances the Removal of Chlorprothixene in Case of Intoxication despite a Drop in Plasma Levels: A Case Report. (PubMed, Case Rep Nephrol Dial) - "Given the limited clinical evidence and the pharmacokinetic properties of chlorprothixene, TPE cannot be recommended for the management of chlorprothixene overdose and should not be regarded as a standard treatment option. According to the available literature, this is the first description of chlorprothixene intoxication managed with both TPE and high-flux hemodialysis, highlighting the limited extracorporeal removal of this drug."

Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Critical care • Psychiatry

Acute pharmaceutical poisoning as a cause of seizure events: a database analysis (2011-2023). (PubMed, Clin Toxicol (Phila)) - "Seizures occurred at low relative overdoses for clozapine, chlorprothixene, and trimipramine (1.3×, 2.0×, 2.8×, respectively)...Overdoses of mefenamic acid, quetiapine, bupropion, venlafaxine and tramadol, respectively, were most commonly associated with seizures. Cefepime exhibited the highest seizure potential, in patients with impaired renal function. Tricyclic antidepressants (trimipramine, amitriptyline), tolperisone, mefenamic acid and bupropion were associated with seizures at relatively small overdoses compared to respective non-seizure cases."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy

CYP1B1 Inhibitor Chlorprothixene Increased Survival Rate of Cigarette Smoke-exposed Mice in Lethal IAV Infection. (IMMUNOLOGY 2026) - "Therapeutic doses of CYP1B1 inhibitors—ticagrelor (5 mg/kg), chlorprothixene (1.3 mg/kg), and TMS (1.5 mg/kg)—were administered daily for 9 days post-infection (p.i.) in CS-exposed, IAV-infected mice. Our findings show treatment with chlorprothixene improved survival outcomes and decreased lung injury during IAV infection in CS-exposed mice."

Preclinical • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Respiratory Diseases • CYP1B1

Medication use in Poland for children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders: before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic - a retrospective pharmacoepidemiological study using national reimbursement data. (PubMed, Front Pharmacol) - "The most substantial increases occurred for sedative and anxiolytic agents (hydroxyzine, diazepam, alprazolam, lorazepam) and antipsychotics (olanzapine, aripiprazole, risperidone, chlorprothixene, haloperidol, levomepromazine), consistent with pandemic related stress, limited access to non-pharmacological care, and possible stockpiling. The COVID-19 pandemic induced broad but temporary increases in pediatric psychotropic drug dispensing, except for ADHD pharmacotherapies, which demonstrated a persistent upward trend. These findings suggest lasting shifts in diagnostic and therapeutic practices and underscore the need for continued monitoring of stimulant use and prescribing appropriateness in pediatric neurodevelopmental care."

Journal • Reimbursement • Retrospective data • US reimbursement • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Autism Spectrum Disorder • CNS Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Genetic Disorders • Infectious Disease • Mental Retardation • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Pediatrics • Psychiatry

Multivariate genome-wide association study of suicidal behaviors in >1.7 million individuals of diverse population descents. (PubMed, medRxiv) - "Drug-repurposing analysis suggested five potential therapeutic drug candidates: cariprazine, droperidol, molindone, paliperidone, and chlorprothixene. Although psychiatric disorders may mediate the genetic liability of suicidal behaviors, a proportion of the risk appears to be independent of psychiatric diagnosis. Suicidal behaviors are influenced by diverse genetic and causal risk factors, and can also lead to broad adverse health consequences."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Mental Retardation • Psychiatry • GMPPB • UGGT2

Corixoidea and Notonectidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) of Par, Brazil, with new records from the western portion of the state. (PubMed, Zootaxa) - "Our new data include the first records from the state of Buenoa deplanatylus Barbosa & Nessimian, 2013 and Martarega williamsi Truxal, 1949, increasing the local richness of Notonectidae by 8%. Finally, B. konta Nieser & Pelli, 1994, B. tarsalis Truxal, 1953, B. tibialis Truxal, 1957, B. truxali Nieser, 1968, B. unguis Truxal, 1953, and Notonecta pulchra Hungerford, 1926 are recorded for the first time from western Par."

Journal

Severe cutaneous adverse reactions associated with antipsychotics: a disproportionality analysis in the Food and Drug Administration's adverse event reporting system (ECNP 2025) - "Case reports in recent years have pointed to an association between SCARs and some antipsychotics (e.g., chlorpromazine, haloperidol, aripiprazole) [2–4]...For DRESS, positive signals were found for promazine (n=20, chi-squared=371.736, PRR=21.549), droperidol (n=11, chi-squared=113.413, PRR=13.320), loxapine (n=35, chi-squared=228.181, PRR=8.623), chlorprothixene (n=3, chi-squared=5.298, PRR=4.629), chlorpromazine (n=19, chi-squared=41.881, PRR=4.123), cyamemazine (n=16, chi-squared=27.126, PRR=3.572), amisulpride (n=11, chi-squared=14.840, PRR=3.236), and haloperidol (n=49, chi-squared=31.159, PRR=2.208). Sulpiride showed positive signals for both SJS (n=4, chi-squared=10.238, PRR=5.384) and TEN (n=3, chi-squared=7.548, PRR=5.773)... The potential safety signals for certain types of SCARs were detected for several antipsychotics. While these findings are hypothesis-generating, further confirmation through large cohort and case-control studies is needed. Clinicians..."

Adverse events • CNS Disorders

Antipsychotic polypharmacy in patients with schizophrenia between 1999 and 2024 in Denmark: Prevalence, time trends, and combinations. (PubMed, Eur Neuropsychopharmacol) - "In 2024, 58 % of APP regimens involved quetiapine, and 52 % involved clozapine and/or partial dopamine receptor agonists...In 2024, 43 % of APP included chlorprothixene or quetiapine (≤100mg/day)...APP was associated with higher total antipsychotic doses, but also with more severe schizophrenia illness. These findings can inform future studies to investigate the comparative efficacy and safety of specific APP combinations and potential opportunities for deprescribing APP."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Survey of the Notonectidae (Insecta, Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Nepomorpha) from northeastern Brazil. (PubMed, Zookeys) - "Nearly 1400 specimens of the following 18 species, four genera, and two subfamilies have been collected: Buenoaamnigenus (White, 1879), B.femoralis (Fieber, 1851), B.fuscipennis (Berg, 1879), B.koina Nieser & Pelli, 1994, B.konta Nieser & Pelli, 1994, B.mutabilis Truxal, 1953, B.pallipes (Fabricius, 1803), B.platycnemis (Fieber, 1851), B.pseudomutabilis Barbosa, Ribeiro & Nessimian, 2010, B.salutis Kirkaldy, 1904, B.tarsalis Truxal, 1953, B.unguis Truxal, 1953 (Anisopinae); Enitharoidesbrasiliensis (Spinola, 1837), E.tricomerus Barbosa, Ribeiro & Nessimian, 2017, Martaregabentoi Truxal, 1949, M.brasiliensis Truxal, 1949, M.membranacea White, 1879, and Notonectadisturbata Hungerford, 1926 (Notonectinae). Altogether, they represent 30 new records from the states of Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Pernambuco, Piauí, and Sergipe, and seven new records from northeastern Brazil, increasing the number of species recorded from the region from 11 to 18. A key to..."

Journal

Sexual dysfunctions associated with antipsychotic drug intake: a retrospective analysis of the FDA adverse events reporting system (FAERS). (PubMed, Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol) - "FAERS was queried for sexual dysfunction adverse events (encoded by 35 different MedDRA preferred terms) secondary to amisulpride, aripiprazole, chlorprothixene, clozapine, haloperidol, loxapine, olanzapine, pipamperone, quetiapine, risperidone, and ziprasidone from 2000 to 2023. The pathogenesis of SD does not appear to be limited to specific pathomechanisms and therefore not to specific substances. The differing report distributions by sex and the impact of polypharmacy on the symptoms warrant further investigations."

Adverse events • Journal • Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Sexual Disorders

Personalized character of toxic effects through mass nonlethal poisoning by phenazepam and other psychoactive substances (PubMed, Sud Med Ekspert) - "Other psychoactive substances (baclofen, pregabalin, chlorprothixene, chlorpromazine, phenibut, tramadol, diazepam), narcotic substances and ethanol were also found in the sufferers. The phenazepam concentration in the blood was in the range of 109.75-786.50 ng/ml, in the urine - 8.97-101.28 ng/ml. The pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic characteristics of toxicants as well as additional factors characterizing the phenotype of the sufferer in addition to drug's content in the biological material must be taken into account to determine the toxicity level of phenazepam against the background of combined action with other psychoactive substances."

Journal

Global occurrence and aquatic hazards of antipsychotics in sewage influents, effluent discharges and surface waters. (PubMed, Environ Pollut) - "In wastewater effluent discharges and surface waters, sulpiride was the most detected antipsychotic; however, percent exceedances of the THV were minimal (0.6%) for this medication. In contrast, we observed elevated aquatic hazards for chlorpromazine (30.5%), aripiprazole (37.5%), and perphenazine (68.7%) in effluent discharges, and for chlorprothixene (35.4%) and flupentixol (98.8%) in surface waters. Elevated aquatic hazards for relatively understudied antipsychotics were identified, which highlight important data gaps for future environmental chemistry and toxicology research."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

Identification of Potential Treatments for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia through Integrated Genomic Network Analysis. (PubMed, Pharmaceuticals (Basel)) - "Based on potentially druggable genes that we identified, palbociclib, sirolimus, and tacrolimus were under clinical trial for ALL. Additionally, chlorprothixene, sirolimus, dihydroergocristine, papaverine, and tamoxifen are the top five drug repositioning candidates for ALL according to the CMap score with dasatinib as a comparator. In conclusion, this study determines the practicability and the potential of integrated genomic network analysis in driving drug discovery in ALL."

Journal • Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Oncology • T Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia • ARID5B

Association of In Utero Antipsychotic Medication Exposure With Risk of Congenital Malformations in Nordic Countries and the US. (PubMed, JAMA Psychiatry) - "In this study, considering the evidence from primary and sensitivity analyses and inevitable statistical noise for very rare exposure-outcome combinations, in utero antipsychotic exposure generally was not meaningfully associated with an increased risk of malformations. The observed increased risks of oral clefts associated with olanzapine, gastroschisis, and other specific brain anomalies with atypical antipsychotics and cardiac malformations with chlorprothixene requires confirmation as evidence continues to accumulate."

Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Mental Retardation • Psychiatry • Rare Diseases • Ventriculomegaly

Comparative Effectiveness of Medications in Bipolar Disorder in Real-World Settings Based on 60,045 Patients (ACNP 2022) - "The medications associated with lower risk of psychiatric hospitalizations were olanzapine LAI (aHR 0.54, 95% CI 0.37-0.80), haloperidol LAI (aHR 0.62, 95% CI 0.47-0.81), zuclopenthixol LAI (aHR 0.66, 95% CI 0.52-0.85), lithium (aHR 0.74, 95% CI 0.71-0.76), clozapine (aHR 0.75, 95% CI 0.64 – 0.87), carbamazepine (aHR 0.81, 95% CI 0.75-0.87), levomepromazine (aHR 0.88, 95% CI 0.83-0.93), lamotrigine (aHR 0.88, 95% CI 0.85-0.92), valproic acid (aHR 0.89, 95% CI 0.87-0.92), pregabalin (aHR 0.92, 95% CI 0.86-0.98) and chlorprothixene (aHR 0.93, 95% CI 0.86-0.99)...Of the studied medications, only lithium (aHR 0.77, 95% CI 0.74-0.81) and carbamazepine (aHR 0.91, 95% CI 0.85-0.97) were associated with significantly reduced risk of non-psychiatric hospitalizations, whereas risperidone (aHR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02-1.13), olanzapine (aHR 1.10, 95% CI 1.05-1.15), quetiapine (aHR 1.10, 95% CI 1.07-1.13), haloperidol (aHR 1.12, 95% CI 1.03-1.22), melperone (aHR 1.19, 95% CI 1.03-1.35),..."

Clinical • HEOR • Real-world evidence • Alzheimer's Disease • Bipolar Disorder • CNS Disorders • Dementia • Mental Retardation • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Machine Learning Enabled Structure-Based Drug Repurposing Approach to Identify Potential CYP1B1 Inhibitors. (PubMed, ACS Omega) - "In particular, some commonly used anticancer medicines, including docetaxel, tamoxifen, imatinib, cisplatin, and paclitaxel, are inactivated by CYP1B1. From the in vitro analysis, it was observed that chlorprothixene, nadifloxacin, and ticagrelor showed promising inhibitory activity toward CYP1B1 in the IC range of 0.07-3.00 μM. These new chemical scaffolds can be explored as adjuvant therapies to address CYP1B1-mediated drug-resistance problems."

Journal • Oncology • CYP1B1

Comparative effectiveness of mood stabilizers and antipsychotics in the prevention of hospitalization after lithium discontinuation in bipolar disorder. (PubMed, Eur Neuropsychopharmacol) - "Of antipsychotic monotherapies, the use of long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics (HR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.26 - 0.88) and chlorprothixene (HR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.44 - 0.88) were associated with lower risk and the use of quetiapine (HR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.07 - 1.48) and oral olanzapine (HR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.01 - 1.49) with higher risk of psychiatric hospitalizations than nonuse of antipsychotics...The results suggest that antipsychotic LAIs are especially effective in the prevention of psychiatric hospitalizations after lithium discontinuation. The need to alter used medications may be the lowest when lithium is restarted."

HEOR • Journal • Bipolar Disorder • CNS Disorders • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Use of chlorprothixene and the risk of diabetes and major adverse cardiovascular events: a nation-wide cohort study. (PubMed, Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol) - "Cumulative dose of chlorprothixene ≥6000mg was associated with increased risk of diabetes (OR:1.15-1.63;test for trend:p<0.001), whereas cumulative dose of chlorprothixene ≥1500mg was associated with increased risk of MACE (OR:1.10-1.85;test for trend:p<0.001). In conclusion, low-dose chlorprothixene use is associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic adverse events compared to low-dose quetiapine use."

Adverse events • Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Myocardial Infarction

Development, validation, and application of a simple UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of five traditional antipsychotics in human plasma. (PubMed, Biomed Chromatogr) - "A UPLC-MS/MS method was developed to determine the levels of five traditional antipsychotics (chlorprothixene, perphenazine, fluphenazine, thioridazine, and promethazine) in human plasma with carbamazepine as the internal standard (IS). The recoveries of five drugs are in the range of 70-109%. The results of methodology verification indicate that this method is simple, economical, and sensitive, and suitable for the simultaneous quantification of five traditional antipsychotics in human plasma."

Journal • CNS Disorders

Drug Repurposing Screen for Compounds Inhibiting the Cytopathic Effect of SARS-CoV-2. (PubMed, Front Pharmacol) - "Chlorprothixene, methotrimeprazine, and piperacetazine were the three most potent FDA-approved drugs with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities. These three compounds have not been previously reported to have anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities, although their antiviral activities against SARS-CoV and Ebola virus have been reported. These results demonstrate that this comprehensive data set is a useful resource for drug repurposing efforts, including design of new drug combinations for clinical trials for SARS-CoV-2."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Repurposing of Antipsychotic Trifluoperazine for Treating Brain Metastasis, Lung Metastasis and Bone Metastasis of Melanoma by Disrupting Autophagy Flux. (PubMed, Pharmacol Res) - "Moreover, the colocalization of LC3 with lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1), a lysosome marker, was also suppressed after TFP treatment, suggesting that TFP might block the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes, which led to autophagosome accumulation. Taken together, our data highlight the potential of repurposing TFP as a new adjuvant drug for treating melanoma patients with brain, lung, and bone metastases."

IO Biomarker • Journal • CNS Disorders • Lung Cancer • Melanoma • Oncology • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia • Solid Tumor

Electromembrane extraction of chlorprothixene, haloperidol and risperidone from whole blood and urine. (PubMed, J Chromatogr A) - "The limit of detection (LOD) and accuracy for all the targets ranged from 0.2-0.6 ng mL and 102%-110%, respectively, and the repeatability at low (1 ng mL), medium (10 ng mL) and high (200 ng mL) concentration was ≤ 12% (RSD). Finally, the validated approach was successfully used to determine chlorprothixene, risperidone and haloperidol in whole blood and urine from rats, which were treated with chlorprothixene, risperidone and haloperidol at low therapeutic dose, respectively."

Journal • CNS Disorders

Trends in utilization and dosing of antipsychotic drugs in Scandinavia: comparison of 2006 and 2016. (PubMed, Br J Clin Pharmacol) - "There is an increased prevalence of antipsychotic prescriptions that coincides with low and/or decreasing mean doses of the majority of commonly used antipsychotics in Scandinavia. Of all antipsychotics, this development was most pronounced for quetiapine. Reasons for and consequences of increased antipsychotic use that lasts shorter periods of time requires further study."

Journal • CNS Disorders