entecavir / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

A Rare Case of Concomitant Leptospirosis and Hepatitis B Infection: A Diagnostic Challenge in Identifying Etiology of Acute Liver Injury (ACG 2026) - "Entecavir was started for treatment of chronic HBV, but his liver function and jaundice worsened, with MELD peaking at 36 and total bilirubin at 32.1...The patient was treated with ceftriaxone with marked improvement in liver chemistries and kidney function...The severity of the liver injury, severe thrombocytopenia, and severe acute kidney injury were inconsistent with chronic HBV when considering the presentation with myalgias, chills, and soil/freshwater exposure. Therefore, it is important for clinicians to consider leptospirosis testing in patients from endemic areas or with relevant environmental exposures who present with characteristic clinical features to allow for prompt recognition and treatment."

Clinical • Acute Kidney Injury • Fibrosis • Hematological Disorders • Hepatitis B • Hepatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Liver Failure • Musculoskeletal Pain • Nephrology • Renal Disease • Thrombocytopenia

Multiple Duodenal Ulcers: What Could Be the Cause? (ACG 2026) - "She later returned with dyspnea, hematochezia, and worsening symptoms after starting Epclusa and entecavir, avoiding PPI therapy due to known drug interactions. Figure: Figure 2. EUS-guided biopsy of the peri-pancreatic lymph node and gastric wall."

B Cell Lymphoma • Cardiovascular • Crohn's disease • Fibrosis • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Hepatitis B • Hepatology • Hypertension • Immunology • Indolent Lymphoma • Infectious Disease • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Lymphoma • Nephrology • Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma • Peptic Ulcer • Pulmonary Disease • Solid Tumor • GAST

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in a Patient With Acute Hepatitis B (ACG 2026) - "He was started on Tenofovir but switched to entecavir due to poor response...He was started on Anakinra, an IL-1 antagonist, but continued to have poor response...Successful outcomes are often delayed by barriers to diagnosis including rarity and non-specific findings that mimic other conditions. This case serves to bring awareness to the importance of early recognition and management in critically ill patients with otherwise unexplained fevers and cytopenias."

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis • Hepatitis B • Hepatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Rare Diseases • Renal Disease

Celiac Artery Dissection Secondary to Hepatitis B-Associated Vasculitis (ACG 2026) - "The patient was managed with blood pressure control and entecavir, with follow-up imaging in three months...Definitive PAN confirmation was limited without histopathology and classic angiographic findings; thus, coincidental spontaneous dissection in this patient with chronic HBV cannot be excluded. Nevertheless, artery dissection in chronic HBV patients should prompt PAN evaluation, as early recognition may alter treatment and prevent vascular complication progression."

Cardiovascular • Hepatitis B • Hepatology • Hypertension • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Liver Failure • Vasculitis

A False Sense of Immunity: Simultaneous Hepatitis B Reactivation and Autoimmune Hepatitis (ACG 2026) - "Case Description/ A 70-year-old Korean-born woman with rheumatoid arthritis and Sjögren's syndrome on long-term methotrexate presented with pruritus, jaundice, and markedly elevated transaminases (AST 791, ALT 602)...The patient was started on entecavir to establish antiviral coverage, after which corticosteroids were introduced for AIH, followed by azathioprine as a steroid-sparing agent. She achieved complete biochemical remission with undetectable HBV DNA, normalized liver enzymes, and normalization of IgG. This case underscores three key lessons: HBV screening before immunosuppressive therapy remains critically underimplemented, particularly in patients from endemic regions; HBsAb positivity should not be assumed to confer durable immunity, as this patient reactivated despite surface antibody positivity; and liver biopsy is indispensable when HBV and AIH coexist, as serologies alone cannot reliably distinguish dual pathology."

Autoimmune Hepatitis • Fibrosis • Hepatitis B • Hepatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Inflammatory Arthritis • Liver Failure • Pruritus • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Sjogren's Syndrome

Fatal Hepatitis B Reactivation Following Rituximab Based Chemotherapy for B-Cell Lymphoma: A Case Highlighting the Critical Importance of Pre-Treatment HBV Screening (ACG 2026) - "Empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics and intravenous acyclovir were initiated...Current guidelines unanimously recommend screening for HBsAg, anti-HBc, and anti-HBs prior to rituximab initiation, with antiviral prophylaxis using entecavir or tenofovir continued for a minimum of 12 months following completion of therapy.¹â»â· Despite these recommendations, adherence remains critically suboptimal, with screening rates as low as 16â57% reported across multiple studies.â¸Ëâ¹ Rituximab carries a 50â64% risk of HBV reactivation in untreated patients, and reactivation can progress rapidly to fulminant hepatic failure and death.¹â°Ë¹¹ Prophylactic antiviral therapy has been shown to reduce reactivation rates dramatically, from 25.9% to 4.3% in R-CHOP treated patients.¹² Its omission in this case directly contributory to this patient's death. Institutional safeguards including..."

Clinical • B Cell Lymphoma • Chronic Kidney Disease • CNS Disorders • Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma • Hematological Malignancies • Hepatic Encephalopathy • Hepatitis B • Hepatology • Hypotension • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Liver Failure • Lymphoma • Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

HBV Reactivation With Seroreversion During Kidney Allograft Failure (ACG 2026) - "Mycophenolate was discontinued, cyclosporine was reduced and later stopped, and prednisone 5 mg daily was continued...Renal dose of entecavir was started in January 2024...HBsAg-negative, anti-HBc-positive transplant recipients remain at risk for reactivation, including during major immunosuppression changes. For patients with prior HBV exposure, particularly from populations with higher HBV prevalence, transplant programs should document baseline HBV serology and HBV DNA, consider starting antiviral therapy post-transplant and continue serial HBsAg and HBV DNA monitoring while on immunosuppression."

Fibrosis • Glomerulonephritis • Hepatitis B • Hepatology • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • IgA Nephropathy • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Solid Organ Transplantation

A Case of Occult Hepatitis B Reactivation After Starting Guselkumab (ACG 2026) - "He was started on entecavir 0.5 mg daily while continuing guselkumab, and after 1 year of follow up, his HBV DNA levels are now undetectable. Figure: Figure 1. Hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B DNA levels, and transaminase levels before and after initiation of guselkumab therapy."

Clinical • Crohn's disease • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hepatitis B • Hepatitis C • Hepatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Inflammatory Arthritis • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Plaque Psoriasis • Psoriasis • Psoriatic Arthritis • Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies • Ulcerative Colitis • IL23A

Sustained safety and efficacy of entecavir monotherapy for chronic hepatitis B after liver transplantation: 15-year follow-up. (PubMed, Gastroenterology) - No abstract available

Journal • Monotherapy • Hepatitis B • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Transplantation

Thirty Six Years of Kidney Allograft Survival Despite Multiple Post Transplant Complications (TTS 2026) - "In 2000, she developed PTLD involving the liver, breast, and lymph nodes and was treated with rituximab-based chemotherapy (R-CHOP), achieving complete remission. She has remained in sustained remission for over two decades while maintained on minimal immunosuppression consisting of cyclosporine 25 mg twice daily and prednisolone 7.5 mg daily. Her comorbidities include long-standing hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease with ischemic cardiomyopathy, chronic menorrhagia with iron deficiency anemia, chronic hepatitis B infection on entecavir therapy, and chronic hepatitis C infection (genotype 1)... This case highlights that exceptional 36-year kidney allograft survival is achievable despite PTLD, chronic viral infections, pregnancy, cardiovascular disease, and recurrent AKI. Individualized immunosuppression strategies and coordinated long-term multidisciplinary care are key determinants of durable transplant success."

Post-transplantation • Acute Kidney Injury • Cardiomyopathy • Cardiovascular • Coronary Artery Disease • Diabetes • Diabetic Nephropathy • Gynecology • Heart Failure • Hepatitis B • Hepatitis C • Hepatology • Herpes Zoster • Hypertension • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Transplant Rejection • Transplantation • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus • Varicella Zoster

Kidney Transplantation from HBsAg-Positive and HBcAb-Positive Deceased Donors in Immunised Recipients: A Retrospective Cohort Study from Malaysia (TTS 2026) - "Antiviral prophylaxis (Entecavir) was given to three patients for 6–12 months, while the remainder did not receive routine prophylaxis. Kidney transplantation from HBsAg-positive and HBcAb-positive deceased donors appears safe in immunised recipients, with no observed viral transmission and acceptable graft outcomes. This approach offers a practical way to expand the donor pool in Malaysia."

Retrospective data • Hepatitis B • Hepatitis C • Hepatology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Transplantation

Antiviral Management Patterns and Long-term Outcomes in HBsAg-Positive Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Retrospective Cohort Study (TTS 2026) - "However, comparative data on entecavir (ETV) monotherapy, ETV rescue therapy after prior lamivudine exposure, and self-discontinuation of antiviral therapy are limited... In this real-world cohort of HBsAg-positive KTRs, ETV monotherapy and ETV rescue therapy were associated with comparable long-term graft and patient survival. Self-discontinuation of antiviral therapy was associated with poorer unadjusted outcomes compared with continued ETV-based therapy, although this association was not statistically robust after adjustment. Continued ETV-based management was also associated with a more favorable long-term liver biochemical profile."

Retrospective data • Cardiovascular • Fibrosis • Hepatitis B • Hepatology • Hypertension • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Liver Failure • Transplantation

Thymosin-ɑ1 for people with chronic hepatitis B. (PubMed, Cochrane Database Syst Rev) - "We assessed the certainty of evidence as very low for all outcomes except for serious adverse events (low). Therefore, we are not sure whether thymosin-α1 monotherapy versus placebo or no intervention, or with the same co-interventions, reduces all-cause mortality, serious adverse events, HBV-related mortality, and non-serious adverse events, nor whether it has any effect on quality of life (based on one trial) and histological improvement. The effect of thymosin-ɑ1 on HBV-related morbidity is very uncertain. We observed no statistically significant differences between trials with and without cointerventions. We found no ongoing trials."

Clinical • Journal • Review • Fibrosis • Hepatitis B • Hepatitis C • Hepatocellular Cancer • Hepatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Liver Cirrhosis • Liver Failure • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Sex Difference in the Impact of Steatotic Liver Disease on Incident Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B. (PubMed, Cancers (Basel)) - "Approach and This population-based study from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database (2009-2022) comprised two cohorts of patients with CHB aged 40-75 years: (1) 53,888 patients treated with entecavir or tenofovir, and (2) 525,109 antiviral-naive patients... There was a sex disparity in the association between SLD and CHB-related HCC. Future studies and management of SLD for CHB should consider the sex disparity."

Journal • Diabetes • Hepatitis B • Hepatocellular Cancer • Hepatology • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Comparison of Viral Suppression With 0.5 mg and 1.0 mg Daily Doses of Entecavir in Decompensated HBV Cirrhosis of Liver (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=48 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Bangladesh Medical University

New P4 trial • Fibrosis • Hepatitis B • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Liver Cirrhosis

Renal function and urinary tubular biomarker abnormalities in untreated and entecavir- or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-treated patients with chronic hepatitis B: a retrospective cross-sectional study. (PubMed, Front Med (Lausanne)) - "These findings represent cross-sectional associations rather than evidence of treatment-induced renal injury. The absence of pretreatment and serial renal measurements, urinary creatinine normalization, and a complete proximal tubular dysfunction assessment requires cautious interpretation and prospective longitudinal confirmation."

Biomarker • Journal • Observational data • Retrospective data • Hepatitis B • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Renal Disease • B2M

Efficacy and Safety of Switching from Entecavir to Tenofovir Alafenamide for Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Low-Level Viremia. (PubMed, Curr Med Sci) - "Switching to TAF may be beneficial for patients with LLV after prolonged ETV therapy, as it is associated with a significantly higher rate of CVR. No lipid metabolism-related disorders were observed following the switch to TAF."

Journal • Hepatitis B • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders

Machine Learning Model for Predicting Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development in Patients With Hepatitis B Virus-Related Cirrhosis Receiving Antiviral Therapy. (PubMed, Kaohsiung J Med Sci) - "We included 1592 patients with HBV-related cirrhosis who had received entecavir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, or tenofovir alafenamide for at least 1 year. Risk stratification showed the 10-year incidences of HCC for the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups were 9%, 26%, and 67%, respectively. The proposed machine learning model for predicting development of HCC exhibited good predictive performance in patients with HBV-related cirrhosis undergoing NA therapy."

Journal • Fibrosis • Hepatitis B • Hepatocellular Cancer • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Oncology • Solid Tumor • AFP

Longitudinal Adherence Trajectories of First-Line Nucleotide Analogues among US Older Adults with Chronic Hepatitis B. (PubMed, Drugs Aging) - "Over half of older adults with CHB consistently adhered to NAs, with significant variation in adherence patterns across the individual NAs. Overall, TAF was less likely to be associated with declining adherence patterns than other NAs. Understanding these long-term adherence patterns can help in developing targeted interventions to improve CHB care in older adults."

Journal • Hepatitis B • Infectious Disease • Inflammation

Metabolomics Reveals Metabolic Characteristics of Functional Cure in Chronic Hepatitis B Treated With Entecavir Combined With Pegylated Interferon Alpha. (PubMed, Biomed Res Int) - "This study reveals metabolic rewiring in CHB functional cure via ETV-PEG-IFNα therapy, involving energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and immunomodulation, based on which we propose a tentative metabolism-immunity synergy model to guide future research. Key metabolites, especially L-methionine S-oxide and oleamide, show exploratory predictive potential for functional cure that warrants further validation in independent cohorts."

Biomarker • Journal • Hepatitis B • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • IFNA1

Preclinical evaluation of entecavir as a fetal hemoglobin inducer using in vitro, in vivo, network pharmacology, and molecular docking approaches. (PubMed, Biomed Pharmacother) - "Hydroxyurea is currently the only approved drug for Hb-F induction therapy. ETV, an approved drug for antiviral activity, increased the level of Hb-F in K562 cell line and in β-YAC transgenic mice, may suggest its use for the management of β-thalassemia. However, further research is required to test the drug's efficacy and the underlying gene targets in CD34+ erythroid progenitors of β-thalassemic patients."

Journal • Preclinical • Beta-Thalassemia • Genetic Disorders • Hematological Disorders • CD34 • HDAC2 • PACERR • PTGS2

Application of nanomaterials in the detection and therapeutic drug monitoring of Hepatitis B virus. (PubMed, Acta Histochem) - "In therapeutic monitoring, nanomaterial‑enabled sensors facilitate real‑time quantification of antiviral drugs such as tenofovir and entecavir, supporting personalized treatment strategies and improving adherence assessment. Despite promising advancements, challenges remain regarding clinical translation, standardization, biocompatibility, and large‑scale manufacturing. This narrative review summarizes current nanomaterial‑based approaches for HBV detection and TDM, highlights emerging technologies, and discusses future directions for integrating nanodiagnostics into routine clinical practice to enhance HBV management and global disease control."

Journal • Review • Hepatitis B • Infectious Disease • Inflammation

Clinical Trial of TQA3605 Tablet in Combination With Nucleos(t)Ide Analogues(NAs) Versus NAs Alone for the Treatment of Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection Who Have Undergone Treatment and Exhibit Low Viral Load or Poor Response (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=930 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.

New P3 trial • Hepatitis B • Infectious Disease • Inflammation

Comparable Predictive Performance of Non-VCTE-Based Machine Learning Model for HBV-Infected Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk. (PubMed, J Gastroenterol Hepatol) - "ML-based models provide superior long-term HCC risk prediction in CHB patients compared to the mPAGE-B score. Importantly, their performance remains robust even without VCTE-derived parameters, suggesting that effective risk stratification is achievable across diverse clinical settings, especially CHB-endemic or resource-limited regions."

Journal • Hepatitis B • Hepatocellular Cancer • Infectious Disease • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer following liver transplantation: a report of a rare and complex case and a multidisciplinary management strategy. (PubMed, Front Med (Lausanne)) - "He received entecavir and basiliximab induction, followed by early triple immunosuppression and long-term tacrolimus maintenance. The postoperative course was uneventful. This case suggests that multidisciplinary, standardized perioperative management can enable safe radical laparoscopic gastrectomy in selected liver transplant recipients."

Journal • Gastric Adenocarcinoma • Gastric Cancer • Hepatocellular Cancer • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Oncology • Pain • Solid Tumor • Transplant Rejection • Transplantation