dimethyl fumarate / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Understanding Patient Demographics, Clinical Characteristics, Economic Outcomes and Treatment Patterns in People with Nonrelapsing Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study in the United States (ACTRIMS Forum 2026) - "The top three most commonly reported DMTs by the end of observation period were ocrelizumab (15.6%), glatiramer acetate (13.8%), and dimethyl fumarate (12.7%). People with nrSPMS exhibit a high prevalence of comorbidities and substantial HCRU and HCCs, reflecting a significant clinical and economic burden. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted and effective treatment options for this population, for whom no approved therapies currently exist."

HEOR • Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Depression • Infectious Disease • Multiple Sclerosis

Evaluation of Clinical and Radiologic Relapses around Pregnancy Loss in Women with Multiple Sclerosis (ACTRIMS Forum 2026) - "Overall clinical relapse rates following pregnancy loss (11%) were lower than pre-conception rates (28%) and this holds true across all types of pregnancy loss in our cohort. Among the 37 pregnancy losses with complete MRI data, the majority (78%) of MRI scans were stable before pregnancy and after pregnancy loss (compared to 22% of MRIs with new T2 lesions and 5% with Gd+ lesions after pregnancy loss). All wwMS with new T2/Gd+ lesions on post-pregnancy loss MRIs were treated with either natalizumab, glatiramer acetate, fingolimod or dimethyl fumarate prior to conception."

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

A Comparative Effectiveness Analysis of Fumarates versus Cladribine in People with MS Transitioning from Anti-CD20 Therapies (ACTRIMS Forum 2026) - "Strategies to mitigate risks with anti-CD20 include switching to oral DMTs such as a fumarate (FUM; dimethyl fumarate; diroximel fumarate) or oral cladribine (CLAD)... These results indicate that relapse rates were comparable between FUM and CLAD and suggest FUM may be as effective as CLAD in controlling disease activity in PwMS transitioning from anti-CD20 therapies.Study Supported by: Biogen"

HEOR • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Multiple Sclerosis

Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Cladribine Tablets in Patients with Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis after Suboptimal Response to Prior Oral or Infusion Disease-Modifying Therapy: 24‑Month Analysis from the US-Based Phase 4 MASTER-2 Study (ACTRIMS Forum 2026) - P | "The most common prior DMTs were ocrelizumab (28.2%), dimethyl fumarate (20.7%), teriflunomide (16.0%), fingolimod (15.4%), and natalizumab (13.3%)... This 24-month real-world analysis showed sustained low relapse rates, high self-reported treatment adherence, and favorable tolerability, with no new or unexpected safety findings with CladT in patients with RMS who switched from oral or infusion DMTs."

Clinical • P4 data • Real-world • Real-world effectiveness • Real-world evidence • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Multiple Sclerosis • Novel Coronavirus Disease

Retrospective Case Series of Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis in Central Texas (ACTRIMS Forum 2026) - "Initial DMT choices included B-cell therapies (15/24 - ocrelizumab, ublituximab, and rituximab), S1P modulators (5/24 all fingolimod), Interferon therapy (2/24), and dimethyl fumarate (2/24)...2 patients were switched off B-cell therapy due to side effects (infections and infusion reaction) to fingolimod and natalizumab...Over this time frame, there were 2 clinical relapses on DMT (1 on interferon and 1 on dimethyl fumarate); both patients were switched to a S1P modulator (1 of fingolimod and 1 on ozanimod)... In our population of patients, most of the EDA occurred prior to DMT initiation, further enforcing the ideal of early and aggressive treatment for POMS. After DMT initiation, EDA only occurred in patients on moderate-efficacy therapies (interferon therapy, fingolimod, and dimethyl fumarate). Patients on HE DMT had less EDA compared to patients on ME DMT."

Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Multiple Sclerosis • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Optic Neuritis • Pediatrics

Comparative Assessment of Switching, Healthcare Resource Utilization, and Cost Outcomes for Cladribine Tablets Versus Other Oral Disease-Modifying Therapies Among US Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Over 4 Years (ACTRIMS Forum 2026) - "This study aimed to evaluate treatment switching, HCRU, and cost outcomes among US patients with MS (PwMS) treated with CladT versus fingolimod (FTY), dimethyl fumarate (DMF), and teriflunomide (TER) over a 4-year period. This retrospective study used US claims data from the Komodo Healthcare Map Database between April 1, 2018, and March 31, 2024... PwMS treated with CladT had significantly fewer treatment switches, reduced outpatient visits, and lower medical costs than those treated with FTY, DMF, and TER."

Clinical • HEOR • CNS Disorders • Inflammation • Multiple Sclerosis

Falling through the Cracks: The Distinct Challenges Faced by Young Adults Living with Multiple Sclerosis (ACTRIMS Forum 2026) - "Young adults living with MS have high rates of DMT gaps and inadequate timely surveillance and follow-up. Future targeted interventions in this age group may help with improved consistent care."

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

Risk Factors for Rituximab-Associated Hypogammaglobulinemia in Central Nervous System Demyelinating Disorders: A Systematic Review (AAAAI 2026) - "In MS, prior fingolimod or natalizumab use was linked to lower baseline IgG, while switching from interferons or dimethyl fumarate was associated with accelerated annual decline...In NMOSD, additional predictors included prior mitoxantrone, baseline Conclusions Risk of hypogammaglobulinemia during rituximab therapy is strongly influenced by cumulative exposure, age, sex, BMI, and prior immunosuppressive use. Identifying these predictors is essential to guide individualized monitoring, optimize dosing strategies, and reduce downstream complications."

Clinical • Review • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis • Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder • Rare Diseases

Dimethyl fumarate as an immunomodulatory enhancer of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells: therapeutic implications. (PubMed, Cell Tissue Bank) - "The gap between pre‑clinical findings and clinical applications highlights the need for further investigation. Extensive research is still required to elucidate how therapeutic interventions achieve efficacy, ensure safety, and identify optimal strategies for targeting different organs in combination with other pharmacological agents."

Journal • Aesthetic Medicine • Immunology • Oncology • CD73 • CXCL8 • ENG • IFNG • IL6 • LGALS1 • THY1 • TNFA

Programmed cell death inhibitors: a new hope for cancer therapy? (PubMed, World J Surg Oncol) - "This review highlights the translational potential of inhibitors targeting novel cell death modalities, such as the necroptosis inhibitor necrostatin-1, the pyroptosis inhibitor dimethyl fumarate, and the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1, in anti-tumor therapy, providing theoretical foundations and novel perspectives for improving patient prognosis."

Journal • Review • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Interventional studies targeting the prodromal or preclinical phase of immune-mediated disease to benefit patient outcomes: a scoping review. (PubMed, J Autoimmun) - "Interventions targeting preclinical or prodromal phases of immune-mediated diseases can delay clinical onset, particularly in RA, T1D, and MS. Progress will require harmonized preclinical definitions, improved risk stratification, longer follow-up, and dedicated efforts in underrepresented diseases such as SLE."

Journal • Preclinical • Review • CNS Disorders • Diabetes • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Lupus • Metabolic Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Rheumatology • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Hepato-Renal Protective Potential of Dimethyl Fumarate in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Mice Model by Modulating of Sirt1, Nrf2 and Inflammatory Genes Expressions. (PubMed, Endocrinol Diabetes Metab) - "In total, it can be concluded that dimethyl fumarate treatment provides hepato-renal protective effects on alloxan-induced diabetic mice model by attenuating reactive oxygen species inflammatory pathways through modulating Sirt1/Nrf2 and inflammatory genes expressions. This study can be an introduction to further studies on the basis of diabetes treatment, especially clinical studies to demonstrate the effect of dimethyl fumarate in diabetes."

Journal • Preclinical • Diabetes • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus • IL6 • NFE2L2 • SIRT1 • TNFA

Sulforaphane-Mediated Multitarget Therapeutic Effects in Methylmercury-Induced ALS-Like Pathology: Comparative Analysis and Multifaceted Approach to Neuroprotection and Systemic Recovery. (PubMed, Mol Neurobiol) - "The objective of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective efficacy and safety of sulforaphane (SUFP) in a methylmercury (MMHg⁺)-induced preclinical rat model of ALS, with comparison to omaveloxolone (OVX) and dimethyl fumarate (DIMT)...Molecular docking further supported SUFP's interaction with Nrf2-Keap1 targets, reinforcing its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Collectively, these findings identify SUFP as a multifaceted and well-tolerated therapeutic candidate for ALS, supporting its further translational and clinical evaluation."

Clinical • Journal • Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis • CNS Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Inflammation • BAX • CASP3 • IL1B • KEAP1 • NGFR • SIRT1 • TNFA

Dimethyl fumarate as a promising therapeutic candidate for virus-associated myelopathy. (PubMed, Brain) - "A reduction in PVL was also observed in a subset of ex vivo PBMC cultures derived from individuals with HAM/TSP exhibiting high viral proliferative activity. These results suggest that DMF suppresses pathogenic immune activation in HAM/TSP and may therefore represent a promising therapeutic candidate for this disabling neuroinflammatory disorder."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Genetic Disorders • Inflammation • Multiple Sclerosis • Oncology • CD4 • CD8 • IFNG • IL6 • TNFA

Real-world COVID-19 immunity in multiple sclerosis (CoVaR-MS): A longitudinal follow up study. (PubMed, Mult Scler Relat Disord) - "We conducted a real-world longitudinal study (n = 235) including PwMS (n = 205; Alemtuzumab, Dimethyl fumarate, Fingolimod, Interferon, Natalizumab, Ocrelizumab, no-DMT) and Healthy volunteers (HV) (n = 30)...Ocrelizumab lowered serological but maintained cellular immunity; whilst Fingolimod lowered both. Data support boosters in PwMS, more so on Ocrelizumab and Fingolimod."

Journal • Real-world evidence • CNS Disorders • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Multiple Sclerosis • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases

LADIGAGA: Long-Term Analysis of DImethyl Fumarate, to Slow the Growth of Areas of Geographic Atrophy (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=90 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris | N=60 ➔ 90 | Trial completion date: Oct 2027 ➔ Apr 2029 | Trial primary completion date: Oct 2025 ➔ Apr 2027

Enrollment change • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Age-related Macular Degeneration • Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration • Macular Degeneration • Ophthalmology • Retinal Disorders

Dimethyl fumarate as a versatile therapeutic agent: molecular mechanisms and potential clinical applications. (PubMed, Mol Biol Rep) - "These effects may expand the potential clinical applications of DMF in diverse pathologies, including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and pulmonary diseases. We summarize current findings on chemical reactivity, target proteins, and emerging clinical applications of DMF, highlighting new opportunities for DMF repurposing."

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Dermatology • Immunology • Inflammation • Multiple Sclerosis • Pneumonia • Psoriasis • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Longitudinal effects of dimethyl fumarate on patient-reported outcome measures in multiple sclerosis: treatment satisfaction, quality of life, depressive symptoms, sleep, and work productivity. (PubMed, J Clin Neurosci) - "DMF was associated with improvements in treatment satisfaction, quality of life, sleep quality, work productivity, and depressive symptoms in both treatment-naïve and previously treated RRMS patients, with high adherence and manageable side effects. These findings provide real-world evidence from an Iranian RRMS cohort, supporting DMF as a well-tolerated, patient-centered option with multidimensional benefits observed under routine clinical conditions."

HEOR • Journal • CNS Disorders • Depression • Multiple Sclerosis • Psychiatry

Carboxylic Acids as Activators of NRF2: Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects. (PubMed, Med Chem) - "Their potential challenges as future drugs and clinical trial prospects were also highlighted. Carboxylic acid-NRF2 interactions offer potential for developing therapies that will attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation."

Journal • Review • Inflammation

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor: potential use as a therapeutic strategy for viral infections. (PubMed, Arch Microbiol) - "Disease-specific NRF2 activation or inhibition may enhance treatment efficacy, reduce tissue injury, and mitigate long-term complications. Therefore, understanding how viruses exploit or suppress NRF2 provides a basis for developing selective NRF2 modulators with translational potential for managing acute and chronic viral infections."

Journal • Review • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Oncology

NRF2 AT THE CROSSROADS OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE AND AGING: MECHANISTIC INSIGHTS AND TRANSLATIONAL PERSPECTIVES. (PubMed, Free Radic Biol Med) - "Environmental exposures, including pesticides and pollutants, further modulate NRF2 activity, compounding risk via cumulative "exposome" effects. Understanding NRF2 regulation provides mechanistic insight into PD pathogenesis and positions NRF2 activation as a promising therapeutic strategy for disease modification and healthy brain aging."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Cladribine for people with multiple sclerosis. (PubMed, Cochrane Database Syst Rev) - "We included 15 studies: nine RCTs (follow-up 52-96 weeks; 2571 participants), two medium-term follow-up OLEs (24-96 weeks; 915 participants), two long-term follow-up OLEs (9.5-11.4 years), one NRSI with one year of follow-up (37 participants in cladribine group vs 599 in interferon beta [IFN-β], fingolimod, and natalizumab groups), and one NRSI with three years of follow-up (633 participants in cladribine group vs 2842 in fingolimod, dimethyl fumarate, and teriflunomide groups)...This Cochrane review had no dedicated funding. Protocol available via https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013524."

Clinical • Journal • Review • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Immunology • Inflammation • Multiple Sclerosis • Rare Diseases • IFNB1

The Role of Iron-Overloaded Macrophages in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Senescence and Anemia in Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Protocol for an In Vitro Study. (PubMed, JMIR Res Protoc) - "This study is expected to elucidate a novel molecular mechanism linking iron overload in macrophages to BMSC dysfunction and anemia in MDS. The findings could identify the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway as a potential therapeutic target for managing MDS-related anemia."

Journal • Preclinical • Anemia • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Inflammation • Myelodysplastic Syndrome • Oncology • CD68 • IL6 • VCAM1

NRF2 AND NEUROINFLAMMATION IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE PATIENTS AND IN AN ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN MOUSE MODEL (ADPD 2026) - "These findings suggest that Nrf2-related pathways are modulated during PD progression and may represent a pharmacological target. Ongoing patient recruitment and preclinical experiments will clarify their role. This work has been supported by Fondazione Regionale per la Ricerca Biomedica (Regione Lombardia), project ID 3433068 – Acronym: LINKING PARK."

Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Inflammation • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Plasma NfL

Retrospective review of lymphocyte changes when switching between fumarates in patients with multiple sclerosis. (PubMed, Mult Scler Relat Disord) - "Our study demonstrated that patients switched to DRF had a significantly lower ALC at follow-up and were more likely to have lymphopenia compared to patients switched to MMF."

Journal • Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis