Synjardy (empagliflozin/metformin) / Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly - LARVOL DELTA

WHEN A ZEBRA BECOMES A HORSE: AN UNDERRECOGNIZED PHENOTYPE OF TYPE 2 DIABETES (WRMC 2026) - "However, it was recently discovered that approximately one in four individuals with difficult-to-control type 2 diabetes has mild endogenous hypercortisolism, as defined by an abnormal low-dose dexamethasone suppression test (DST)...His A1c remained elevated despite an intensive regimen of insulin glargine, metformin, empagliflozin, and semaglutide...have demonstrated that the risk of cardiovascular events is lower in those who pursue treatment of the root of the cause, rather than treating associated complications. More studies are needed to determine the cost-effectiveness and long-term feasibility of cortisol-directed therapies to guide future management of difficult-to-control type 2 diabetes."

Cardiovascular • Cushing’s Disease • Diabetes • Endocrine Disorders • Hypertension • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity • Osteoporosis • Rheumatology • Solid Tumor • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Bioequivalence Evaluation of Two Metformin/Empagliflozin Fixed-Dose Combination Tablets in Healthy Chinese Subjects Under Fasting and Fed Conditions: A Randomized, Open-Label, Crossover Study. (PubMed, Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev) - "No serious adverse events were reported. In conclusion, the test and reference formulations of metformin/empagliflozin FDC tablets were bioequivalent and well-tolerated under both fasting and fed conditions."

Clinical • Journal

Efficacy and Safety of Trelagliptin as an Add-on Therapy to Metformin and Empagliflozin in Elderly Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Multicenter, Prospective, Real-World Study (CTMEA-RWS Study) (ChiCTR) - P4 | N=800 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Zhengzhou Central Hospital; Zhengzhou Central Hospital

New P4 trial • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Bioequivalence Study to Compare Empagliflozin / Metformin 25 mg/ 1000 mg Extended-Release Tablet Versus Synjardy XR Tablets 25mg/1000mg in Fast Condition (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1 | N=32 | Completed | Sponsor: Humanis Saglık Anonim Sirketi

New P1 trial • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Jiangzhi Quban Recipe improves type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with hyperlipidemia by multi-target regulation of the inflammation-metabolism network: network pharmacology analysis and clinical validation (PubMed, Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao) - "JZQBR improves T2DM complicated with hyperlipidemia possibly by multi-target regulation of the inflammation-metabolism network."

Journal • Diabetes • Dyslipidemia • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus • APOE • IL1B • IL6 • TNFA

A Drug-Drug Interaction Study of HDM1002 and Metformin, Empagliflozin, Midazolam, Valsartan, and Warfarin (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1 | N=111 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Hangzhou Zhongmei Huadong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

New P1 trial • Obesity

Effects of 5:2 intermittent fasting meal replacement on body composition and abdominal fat distribution in overweight and obese adults with early type 2 diabetes. (PubMed, Clin Nutr) - "The 5:2 MR regimen may be more effective than metformin and empagliflozin in improving body composition and abdominal fat distribution in early T2DM, and is proposed as a therapeutic option."

Journal • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

ICDDTKZ26: Improving Cardiovascular Disease Diagnosis and Treatment in Kazakhstan Using Metabolic Correction With GLP-1 Drugs (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=120 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: Nazarbayev University

New trial • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure • Hypertension • Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Efficacy and safety of combining empagliflozin in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus uncontrolled with metformin and sitagliptin: A randomised, double-blind, multicentre, therapeutic confirmatory phase 3 clinical trial. (PubMed, Diabetes Obes Metab) - "These results suggest that coadministration of empagliflozin safely improves glycemic control in Korean patients with T2DM uncontrolled by sitagliptin and metformin."

Journal • P3 data • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Renal Disease • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

CER-4-T2D: Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Four Second Line Pharmacological Strategies in Type 2 Diabetes Study (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=781430 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: Brigham and Women's Hospital | Trial completion date: Jul 2024 ➔ Jul 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2024 ➔ Jan 2026

HEOR • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Diabetic Nephropathy • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Renal Disease • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Efficacy and safety of metformin versus empagliflozin on chronic kidney disease progression (MET-EMPA-CKD): a randomized controlled trial. (PubMed, Diabetol Metab Syndr) - P2/3 | "12-month metformin therapy demonstrated renoprotective effects comparable to empagliflozin, with a greater effect observed among non-diabetics as an exploratory insight. Metformin's renal actions were linked to antifibrotic and favorable autophagy effects while, empagliflozin preserved mainly tubular injury. Safety issues were generally comparable."

Journal • Chronic Kidney Disease • Nephrology • Renal Disease • BECN1 • KIM1 • TGFB1

Preconditioning strategies for stem cells and exosomes: Transformative potential in diabetic wound treatment: A review. (PubMed, Int J Biol Macromol) - "Recent advances and future directions in the optimization of these strategies are discussed, emphasizing their potential to transform stem cell therapies for diabetic wounds. We highlight that specific preconditioning methods-such as hypoxia and pharmacological agents like metformin or empagliflozin-can selectively enhance exosomal miRNA cargo (e.g., miR-126, miR-139-3p) and downstream angiogenic signaling.Our synthesis underscores the superior translational potential of ADSC-derived exosomes over cell therapies, especially when optimized via preconditioning tailored to the diabetic microenvironment."

Journal • Review • Pain • MIR126 • MIR139

Bioequivalence Study to Compare Empagliflozin / Metformin 25 mg/ 1000 mg Extended-Release Tablet Versus Synjardy XR Tablets 25mg/1000mg (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1 | N=40 | Completed | Sponsor: Humanis Saglık Anonim Sirketi

New P1 trial • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The Efficacy and Safety of Empagliflozin - Linagliptin and Empagliflozin- Metformin Therapy in Reduction of Body Weight in Type 2 Diabetic Patients . (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=200 | Completed | Sponsor: Bahria University

New P4 trial • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

LIGHT-MCI Trial: GLP-1 Agonist, SGLT2 Inhibitor, and DPP-4 Inhibitor for MCI Remission in Type 2 Diabetes (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=396 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 ➔ Jul 2026

Trial completion date • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus • Plasma NfL

Glimepiride, Empagliflozin, and Sitagliptin With Metformin for Type 2 Diabetes (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=172 | Completed | Sponsor: Bahria University | Recruiting ➔ Completed

Trial completion • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

CT-L03-301: Efficacy and Safety of Pioglitazone Combination Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Patients on a Background of Empagliflozin With Metformin (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=582 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: Celltrion | Recruiting ➔ Active, not recruiting

Enrollment closed • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Comparison chart: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. (PubMed, Med Lett Drugs Ther) - No abstract available

Journal • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Comparative effects of empagliflozin and metformin on metabolic dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome, a double blinded randomized control feasibility trial. (PubMed, BMC Womens Health) - P2/3 | "This study suggested that empagliflozin may offer greater metabolic benefits than metformin in overweight women with PCOS and prediabetes, although the adjusted results were not significantly different. These findings support the potential of SGLT2 inhibitors as alternative or add-on therapies."

Clinical • Journal • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Noninsulin drugs for type 2 diabetes. (PubMed, Med Lett Drugs Ther) - No abstract available

Journal • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Lobeglitazone improves glycaemic control as add-on therapy to empagliflozin plus metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. (PubMed, Diabetes Obes Metab) - "Lobeglitazone as an add-on to empagliflozin and metformin significantly improved glycaemic control in patients with T2DM inadequately controlled on metformin and empagliflozin dual therapy. The treatment was well tolerated, with a low incidence of adverse events."

Journal • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Copper Intrauterine Device-Associated ANCA Vasculitis: Rare Entity or a Coincidence? (KIDNEY WEEK 2025) - "Case Description A 50-year-old-female with a past medical history of hyperlipidemia, asthma, migraine, mild obesity, and pre- diabetes on metformin and empagliflozin presented to the clinic for evaluation of albuminuria of 139 mg/gm of creatinine (90 ml/min/1.73m2)...She was prescribed topical tacrolimus and clindamycin, along with oral doxycycline...Cutaneous small vessel vasculitis has been documented in association with chronic hepatitis A or C, oral contraception, hydralazine, propylthiouracil, allopurinol, β-lactams, streptokinase, tamoxifen, influenza vaccines, and environmental risk factors (silica exposure, farming, and chronic colonization with Staphylococcus aureus). One other case report has proposed a possible link between a copper-IUD and ANCA-associated retinal vasculitis, which was resolved following IUD removal. One caveat is the lack of a kidney or skin biopsy, as our patient declined."

ANCA Vasculitis • Asthma • CNS Disorders • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Diabetes • Dyslipidemia • Genetic Disorders • Hepatology • Hidradenitis Suppurativa • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Influenza • Long-acting Reversible Contraceptives • Metabolic Disorders • Migraine • Obesity • Ocular Inflammation • Psoriasis • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Vasculitis

Overlapping Dilemma Involving the New Great Imposter (KIDNEY WEEK 2025) - "Case Description A 48-year-old woman with history of well controlled type 2 DM of 10-year duration on metformin and empagliflozin, presumed Stickler syndrome, hypertension on losartan and amlodipine, arthritis referred to nephrology for worsening albuminuria. Prompt diagnosis is important as family genetic testing and timely ERT can improve the overall outcome in FD. Albuminuria and proteinuria trend FD - Fabry disease"

Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • Constipation • Diabetes • Diabetic Nephropathy • Fabry Disease • Fatigue • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Genetic Disorders • Heart Failure • Hypertension • Immunology • Lysosomal Storage Diseases • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Otorhinolaryngology • Rare Diseases • Renal Disease • Rheumatology

Analysis of the efficacy and safety of Hengliflozin combined with metformin in the treatment of diabetes mellitus complicated with hyperuricemia (ChiCTR) - P4 | N=70 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: The First Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University

New P4 trial • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders

The beneficial effects of empagliflozin-metformin combination on cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. (PubMed, Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol) - "Empagliflozin-Metformin combination therapy may offer additional benefits over metformin monotherapy in improving lipid parameters, IR, and oxidative stress in T2DM patients. These findings support the potential cardioprotective role of empagliflozin and highlight the need for long-term interventional studies to confirm our results."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Dyslipidemia • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus