Synjardy (empagliflozin/metformin) / Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly - LARVOL DELTA

Novel Predicted Loss of Function Variants in TRIP10/CIP4 Associated with Atypical Diabetes in Two Unrelated Individuals (ADA 2025) - "He maintains an HbA1c in the 6% range with glimepiride, strict diet, and exercise (BMI 22.1 kg/m2)...He currently takes metformin, empagliflozin, and oral semaglutide with HbA1c of 5.7% (BMI 23.6 kg/m2)... We hypothesize that heterozygous loss of TRIP10 contributes to insulin resistance and postprandial hyperglycemia in these individuals, potentially representing a novel monogenic form of diabetes. Cases of TRIP10-related diabetes may be under-recognized due to phenotypic overlap with type 2 diabetes, young adult onset, mild to moderate severity, and lack of syndromic features."

Clinical • Late-breaking abstract • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus • CDC42 • SLC2A4 • TRIP10

Post-surgical euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis due to SGLT2i: a case report (Euroanaesthesia 2025) - "The incidence of EDKA has increased in recent years with the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), which include canagliflozin, empagliflozin, and dapagliflozin.Case Report: A 76-year-old woman needs to undergo urgent laparotomy for incarcerated right inguinal hernia under general anesthesia. Of note, the patient has no known allergies and has type 2 diabetes, being treated with Sinjardy (Metformin and Empagliflozin), which she took that morning.After the surgery, the patient is hemodynamically stable and no symptoms...Diagnostic tests include blood gas analysis with measurement of pH, bicarbonate, and ketone body determination. Treatment involves resuscitation with intravenous fluids, insulin, glucose, and addressing the underlying etiology."

Case report • Clinical • Anesthesia • Diabetes • Gastroenterology • Immunology • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Restoration of Fertility in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome with Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Therapy (ENDO 2025) - "The patient was started initially on semaglutide in conjunction with her existing metformin and empagliflozin combination tablet, and eventually transitioned to tirzepatide given insurance changes. Effects of GLP1RAs on pregnancy rate and menstrual cyclicity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis and systematic review. BMC Endocr Disord 23, 245 (2023)."

Diabetes • Genetic Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

A Deadly Duo: Rapid-Onset Lactic Acidosis and Euglycemic DKA in a Young Male with Normal Renal Function on Metformin and Empagliflozin Resumption (ENDO 2025) - "Therefore, lactic acidosis and hyperkalemia were probably attributable to metformin use. Clinicians should be aware of this atypical presentation, as early recognition and prompt management are crucial in improving the outcome of such cases."

Acute Kidney Injury • Diabetes • Diabetic Nephropathy • Dyslipidemia • Fatigue • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Pain • Pancreatitis • Renal Disease • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Radiofrequency Ablation of Insulinoma with Significant Post-Procedural Hyperglycemia in Setting of Glucocorticoids (ENDO 2025) - "The patient was diagnosed with diabetes over 20 years ago and was previously on metformin and empagliflozin, which were recently discontinued due to hypoglycemic episodes... This case demonstrates the efficacy of EUS-RFA to treat insulinomas when surgery is contraindicated."

Acute Kidney Injury • Asthma • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Colon Cancer • Colorectal Cancer • Diabetes • Endocrine Cancer • Genetic Disorders • Hypoglycemia • Immunology • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Neuroendocrine Tumor • Obesity • Oncology • Pancreatic Cancer • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Solid Tumor • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Preserved C-peptide Five Years After LADA Diagnosis: Focus On Prandial Glycaemic Control (ENDO 2025) - "She was started on sc Novorapid 3-6 units 15 mins premeal at 1 unit to 10-gram carbs, and PO linagliptin 5 mg om. Empagliflozin and metformin were discontinued...However, the use of DPP4-inhibitors has been found useful. CONCLUSION RCTs utilizing C-peptide and CGM to inform the best regimens of insulin and/or OHA treatment for C-peptide preservation in LADA patients are needed."

Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Immunology • Metabolic Disorders

Clinical Challenge: Managing Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis in a Post-Whipple Procedure Patient on SGLT-2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Agonist (ATS 2025) - "A thorough review of her medications revealed that she was on metformin/empagliflozin (SGLT-2 inhibitor) and Ozempic (a GLP-1 agonist) at home, raising suspicion of euDKA. Early recognition and prompt treatment with IV fluids, including D5W and insulin GGT, are crucial to prevent complications, including hypoglycemia and cerebral edema. Close monitoring of blood glucose, electrolytes, and acid-base status is needed to optimize therapy."

Clinical • Acute Kidney Injury • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Dyslipidemia • Endocrine Disorders • Hypertension • Hypoglycemia • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Oncology • Pancreatic Cancer • Renal Disease • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence Study of Empagliflozin+Metformin Hydrochloride 12.5 mg/1000 mg Film-coated Tablets (Gedeon Richter Plc., Hungary) Versus Synjardy 12.5 mg/1000 mg Film-coated Tablets (Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Germany) (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1 | N=64 | Completed | Sponsor: Gedeon Richter Plc. | Not yet recruiting ➔ Completed

Trial completion • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

LIGHT-MCI: Evaluating the Effects of Liraglutide, Empagliflozin and Linagliptin on Mild Cognitive Impairment Remission in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: a Multi-center, Randomized, Parallel Controlled Clinical Trial With an Extension Phase (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=396 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School | Recruiting ➔ Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Dec 2027 ➔ Dec 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2026 ➔ Dec 2025

Enrollment closed • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Association of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists with Optic Nerve and Retinal Adverse Events: A Population-Based Observational Study Across 180 Countries. (PubMed, Am J Ophthalmol) - "Given the widespread use of semaglutide, its association with ocular AEs highlight the need for global pharmacovigilance and post-marketing surveillance."

Adverse events • Journal • Observational data • Diabetes • Diabetic Retinopathy • Genetic Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Macular Edema • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Optic Neuritis • Pain • Retinal Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Empagliflozin vs Metformin on Metabolic Dysfunction in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome With or Without Comorbidity or Multimorbidity (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2/3 | N=70 | Completed | Sponsor: SINA Health Education and Welfare Trust | Trial completion date: Mar 2024 ➔ Jun 2024

Trial completion date • Metabolic Disorders • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Comparison of the effects of metformin and empagliflozin on cardiac function in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction mice. (PubMed, Front Cardiovasc Med) - "MET acts by downregulating TGFβ, while EMPA affects collagen metabolism and downregulates HSP90 and TGFβ. These findings offer insights into HFpEF treatment."

Journal • Preclinical • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Fibrosis • Heart Failure • Immunology • CDC37 • HSP90AA1 • TGFB1

A case report of Maturity Onset Diabetes of the young type 3 in a young female and her mother. Implications of genetic diagnosis. (ESPE-ESE 2025) - "She was initially commenced on a long-acting insulin (degludec) and placed on a continues glucose monitor (CGM)...Treatment changed to gliclazide 30mg by mouth once daily and Three months after HbA1c was 6.7%...She was placed on different regimens without improvement most recently she was on metformin plus empagliflozin (5/1000mg daily) and semaglutide (1mg per week)...If a case is suspicious a genetic test is guaranteed as monogenic diabetes has different therapeutic approach. For our patient further genetic evaluation is necessary considering her mother results."

Case report • Clinical • Late-breaking abstract • Diabetes • Diabetic Nephropathy • Genetic Disorders • Gestational Diabetes • Hepatology • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Polycystic Kidney Disease • Renal Disease • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus • HNF1A

Su8ccessful treatment of 138000 patients with multimodal drug approach (ESPE-ESE 2025) - "In eight years of study, hundred and thirty eight thousands patients received Sitagliptin 100mg at noon, Glucophage 500mg and Empagliflozin 12.5mg BID, slow release Gliclazide 60mg TID...Two weeks later addition of Metronidazole, Bismuth and Doxycycline for ten days suppressed the gut diabetogenic flora... Ninety-four and 87% attained HBA1C under 6.5 and 6 within 3 to six months. These values remained for a mean of 24 months (range 6-78). At least 23% i.e. 14490 patients could discontinue their medication with a relapse rate of 32%."

Clinical • Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

A Very Rare Case of MODY 12: Inactivating ABCC8 Mutation Causing Sulfonylurea-Resistant Diabetes (ESPE-ESE 2025) - "Initially treated with gliclazide and metformin, gliclazide was discontinued due to lack of clinical response, and replaced with metformin/empagliflozin combination therapy...This case highlights the phenotypic heterogeneity of ABCC8- MODY, underscoring the importance of genetic testing in young patients with atypical diabetes presentations. It should inform future research into the precise pathophysiological mechanisms linking inactivating ABCC8 mutations to diabetes and their variable treatment responses."

Clinical • Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Pain • Peripheral Neuropathic Pain • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus • ARG1 • HNF1A

Analysis of Patient Education Guides Generated by ChatGPT and Gemini on Common Anti-diabetic Drugs: A Cross-Sectional Study. (PubMed, Cureus) - "The patient information guides were on anti-diabetic drugs, including metformin, empagliflozin, liraglutide, glipizide, sitagliptin, and insulin glargine, and were created with the help of various prompts. Results There was no statistically significant difference found between any of the characteristics of the responses generated by the two AI tools, according to the P values obtained. Conclusion On comparing the two AI tools, there was not much difference noted in readability, reliability, and similarity."

Journal • Observational data

Effect of Sitagliptin and Empagliflozin in Combination With Metformin on Hs-CRP Levels in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=50 | Completed | Sponsor: University of Lahore

New P3 trial • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The effect of empagliflozin and sitagliptin as an add-on therapy to metformin in blood pressure reduction in diabetic patients in primary health care settings in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. (PubMed, J Family Med Prim Care) - "Patients had a confirmed diagnosis of T2DM, were prescribed either Janumet or Synjardy, and had at least one BP reading within 3 months before and 2-24 weeks after starting treatment. Although neither drug significantly impacted BP, both combinations reduced HbA1c. Further research with a larger sample is needed to clarify their effects on BP."

Journal • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence Study of Empagliflozin+Metformin Hydrochloride 5 mg/1000 mg Film-coated Tablets (Gedeon Richter Plc., Hungary) Versus Synjardy 5 mg/1000 mg Film-coated Tablets (Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Germany) (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1 | N=64 | Completed | Sponsor: Gedeon Richter Plc. | Not yet recruiting ➔ Completed

Trial completion • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

GLUCOSE MANAGEMENT AFTER GASTRECTOMY: INSIGHTS FROM CONTINUOUS GLUCOSE MONITORING (ATTD 2025) - "Case 2: a 73 -year-old female with a history of total gastrectomy for gastric cancer 6 years ago and type 2 diabetes for 20 years, treated with vildagliptin, metformin, empagliflozin and gliclazide 30mg OD was evaluated for recurrent hypoglycemia. In case 2, prolonged postprandial glycemic excursions were accompanied by nocturnal hypoglycemia (Figure 3), elevated CV and increased Time Above Range (TAR) (Figure 4). In case 3, CGM was remarkable for postprandial hyperglycemia, late postprandial and nocturnal hypoglycemia (Figure 5) and increased CV, TBR and TAR (Figure 6).Conclusions CGM can effectively detect hypoglycemia and glucose fluctuations following gastrectomy in patients with and without diabetes."

Gastric Cancer • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Oncology • Solid Tumor • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

EUGLYCEMIC KETOACIDOSIS IN A PATIENT USING ALPELISIB, A NOVEL BREAST CANCER DRUG (ATTD 2025) - "Carbohydrate restriction, metformin, empagliflozin, pioglitazone, and temporary alpelisib cessation eventually resulted in euglycemia. Two months after starting alpelisib, and concommittant glucose lowering treatment, the patient developed euglycemic ketoacidosis – presenting as nausea and vomiting with a fasting glucose level <8.9 mmol/l.Results The patient recovered quickly after treatment with intravenous insulin and glucose infusion. Euglycemic ketoacidosis was attributed to the combination of SGLT2 inhibition and carbohydrate restriction.Conclusions This report highlights the need for caution when combining carbohydrate restriction and SGLT-2 inhibition in patients with diabetes treated with alpelisib."

Clinical • Breast Cancer • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Oncology • Solid Tumor • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Trajectories of Weight Changes After GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Initiation Among Patients With HIV (CROI 2025) - "Methods Using patient-level data from 82 sites in the U.S. National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C), a nationally-sampled electronic health records repository, we conducted a retrospective analysis with all patients with HIV receiving GLP-1 RA (i.e., tirzepatide or semaglutide injection), sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2, e.g.,empagliflozin), or metformin between January 1, 2018 and November 2, 2023, regardless of indication, with the metformin only group as the reference. Differences in weight change is less pronounced among men with HIV. Additional work needs to address the sex differences and underlying mechanisms of weight changes after using weight loss drugs among PWH."

Clinical • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence Study of Empagliflozin+Metformin Hydrochloride 5 Mg/850 Mg Film-coated Tablets (Gedeon Richter Plc., Hungary) Versus Synjardy® 5 Mg/850 Mg Film-coated Tablets (Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Germany) (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1 | N=64 | Completed | Sponsor: Gedeon Richter Plc. | Not yet recruiting ➔ Completed

Trial completion • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Impact of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Preventing Heart Failure Hospitalizations in Colombian Patients With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Analysis of left ventricular ejection fraction and first heart failure hospitalization in patients with T2DM treated with SGLT2 inhibitors reveals that empagliflozin is not only effective in glycemic control, weight management, and blood pressure reduction but also shows preventive potential against heart failure progression, even in patients without high cardiovascular risk. These findings, aligned with evidence from classical studies, suggest that empagliflozin should be considered in the early management of T2DM to reduce heart failure incidence and improve long-term outcomes."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Diabetes • Heart Failure • Hypertension • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The synergy of linagliptin and empagliflozin in catering to diabetes mellitus in Pakistan. (PubMed, J Pak Med Assoc) - "Linagliptin is well-tolerated and suitable for those who cannot tolerate metformin, while empagliflozin reduces cardiovascular risks and nephropathy, showing promising results in controlling diabetes with minimal side effects. The synergy between linagliptin and empagliflozin could greatly improve diabetes management and patient wellbeing. It is recommended that healthcare providers in Pakistan use social media and seminars to educate the public on this new treatment option to tackle the diabetes crisis effectively."

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Metabolic Disorders • Renal Disease • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus