sabatolimab (MBG453) / Novartis - LARVOL DELTA

Clinical characteristics and molecular profiling of SF3B1-mutated myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in a real-world practice (ASH 2025) - "Seven of the 19 patients received treatment for MDS – 4 received a hypomethylating agent, 1 was recruited onto the MBG453 trial (Tim-3 Antibody), 2 received intensive chemotherapy, and one went on to receive allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant...We demonstrated that the number and type of co-mutations affected the prognosis of patients. Identifying these features is crucial for risk stratification and personalized treatment in MDS."

Clinical • IO biomarker • Real-world • Real-world evidence • Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Bone Marrow Transplantation • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Myelodysplastic Syndrome • HAVCR2 • SF3B1

Efficacy of novel agents in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis (ASH 2025) - "Newer agents included for AML were Guadectiabine, Magrolimab, Alvocidib, Enasidenib, Flotetuzumab, Vadastuximab, Mitoxantrone, Pevonedistat, Entospletinib, Eprenetapopt, Belinostat, Onvansertib, Panobinostat, Cediranib Maleate, Nilotinib, Emavusertib, and anti-CD45 antibody (DOTA-BC8). The newer agents investigated for MDS included Rigosertib, Imetelstat, Pembrolizumab, Enasidenib, Sabatolimab, Ivosidenib, Elitercept, Pevonedistat, Emavusertib, Atezolizumab, and Olutasidenib...All patients were treated concomitantly with either azacitidine (77%) or decitabine (23%)... This meta-analysis and systematic review demonstrate promising efficacy for novel agents in AML and MDS patients. There is a need for prospective trials with larger patient populations to investigate these agents further."

Retrospective data • Review • Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Myelodysplastic Syndrome • Neutropenia • TP53

Elevated TIM3 expression on bone marrow T cells drives immune dysfunction in early relapsed blood cancer after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASH 2025) - "And we performed cytotoxicity assay with BM T cell from thepatients using sabatolimab (TIM3 blockade)... our data reveal that early post-transplant relapse is associated with TIM3-mediated immunedysfunction in both DNT and Treg populations. Elevated TIM3 expression contributes to impaired T cellcytotoxicity and increased immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Importantly, the TIM3 blockaderestored cytotoxic function in vitro, suggesting a promising therapeutic approach for patientsexperiencing early relapse after allo-HSCT."

IO biomarker • Bone Marrow Transplantation • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Oncology • Transplantation • CCR7 • CD226 • CD8 • FAS • FASLG • GZMA • GZMB • HAVCR2 • IFNG • IKZF2 • IL2RA • IL6 • IL7R • LAG3 • PRF1 • TIGIT • TNFA

Anti-TIM3 with hypomethylating agent revives NK and cytotoxic CD4+ T cell activity in patients with AML or MDS (ASH 2025) - P1 | "TIM3 is acheckpoint molecule expressed both on immune and leukemic cells, making it an interestingtarget in AML.Here, we conducted a comprehensive immunomonitoring of a phase Ib trial (NCT03066648)evaluating decitabine in combination with anti-TIM3 antibody sabatolimab (MBG453). We demonstrate that TIM3 blockade modulates the immune landscape by activatingmature and adaptive NK cells, promotes cytotoxic CD4+ T cells, and primes small CD8+ T cellclones for expansion. Our results suggest that cytotoxic CD4+ T-LGLL cells may boost responses toimmune checkpoint therapy in AML."

Clinical • IO biomarker • Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Myelodysplastic Syndrome • CD4 • CD8 • IFNG • PD-L1

Sabatolimab in Combination with Hypomethylating Agents (HMAs) Was Safe in Patients (Pts) with Intermediate-, High-, or Very-High-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) (ASH 2023) - P2 | "Pts received an HMA of investigator's choice (decitabine/cedazuridine 35 mg/100 mg oral days 1-5, decitabine 20 mg/m2 IV days 1-5, or azacitidine 75 mg/m2 IV or subcutaneous [SC] days 1-7 or days 1-5 plus days 8 and 9) with sabatolimab 800 mg IV every 4 weeks starting at day 8 or any day between days 5 to 8. This interim analysis of the STIMULUS-MDS US study demonstrated that sabatolimab in combination with an oral, IV, or SC HMA was safe and well tolerated, with AEs consistent with previous reports for pts with MDS treated with HMAs. Response rates for the combination are preliminary, and more information will be provided with longer follow-ups."

Clinical • Combination therapy • Anemia • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Febrile Neutropenia • Hematological Malignancies • Hypertension • Infectious Disease • Myelodysplastic Syndrome • Neutropenia • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Single-Cell Multiomics Analysis Reveals Potential Drivers of Response to the Anti-TIM3 Inhibitor Sabatolimab Combined with Azacitidine in MDS and CMML (ASH 2023) - P1 | "Conversely, we observed a down-regulation of metallothionein genes (MT1E, MT1G, MT2A) as well as a collection of transcription factors (NR4A1, FOSL2, JUN, CEBPB, CEBPD), NF-κB inhibitors (NFKBIZ, NFKBIA) and CXCL8 in the post-treatment samples (FDR <0.1). Conclusions Our study provides one of the most comprehensive evaluations of the cellular dynamics of anti-TIM3 immunotherapy in patients to date, allowing for the nomination of novel putative predictive biomarkers of response and identification of potential immunomodulatory mechanisms induced by the combination of sabatolimab with azacitidine in MDS and CMML for further future analysis."

IO biomarker • Bone Marrow Transplantation • Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Myelodysplastic Syndrome • Oncology • Transplantation • CD74 • CD8 • CEBPB • CXCL8 • FOSL2 • GZMA • HLA-DPA1 • HLA-DRB1 • IFI27 • IFIT1 • IFIT2 • IFNG • IL32 • MT1E • NFKBIA • NR4A1

Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Myeloid Neoplasms with Mecom Rearrangement: Results from a Nationwide Multicenter Study (ASH 2023) - "Among 3 MDS with MECOM rearrangement, one patient received azacitidine with investigational drug (sabatolimab/placebo) and achieved complete hematologic response. Chemotherapy should be avoided in this subtype due to non-responsiveness, hypomethylating agent showed benefit and can be considered as a bridging treatment before stem cell transplantation. Novel therapy targeting MECOM gene should be further explored to improve outcomes in this AML subtype."

Clinical • Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Myelodysplastic Syndrome • Oncology • MECOM

Molecular Measurable Residual Disease (MRD) Clearance (≤1%) Is Associated with Improved Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Higher-Risk Myelodysplastic Neoplasms (HR-MDS): An Exploratory Analysis of Stimulus-MDS1 in Patients Receiving Sabatolimab or Placebo + Hypomethylating Agent (HMA) (ASH 2023) - P2, P3 | " Treatment-naive pts aged ≥18 years with intermediate (+ ≥5% bone marrow [BM] blasts), high or very high risk MDS by Revised International Prognostic Scoring System were randomized to sabatolimab or placebo added to azacitidine/decitabine (Zeidan AM, et al. We present the first results from a prospective, controlled, randomized study demonstrating the potential prognostic value of MRD for PFS and OS in HR-MDS. Our results demonstrate high NGS concordance between PBMC and BMMC on-treatment samples, indicating that PBMC could represent an alternative for clonal monitoring. Interestingly, more pts treated with sabatolimab + HMA reached MRD negativity while in remission, potentially explaining the longer DoR in pts receiving sabatolimab + HMA vs placebo + HMA."

Clinical • Clinical data • IO biomarker • Residual disease • Hematological Malignancies • Myelodysplastic Syndrome • Oncology • ASXL1 • DNMT3A • TET2

TIM-3 Inhibitor Sabatolimab for Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) with Measurable Residual Disease (MRD) Detected after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (AlloSCT): Preliminary Findings from the Phase Ib/II Stimulus-AML2 Study (ASH 2023) - P1/2 | "In adult pts with AML who are in hematological CR with MRD+ after alloSCT, sabatolimab 400 mg and 800 mg monotherapies were well tolerated. Cytopenias occurred at low rates, were generally G1–2 and mostly related to imminent relapse. Importantly, there were no cases of GvHD reported or any immune-related AEs commonly seen with checkpoint inhibitors."

Clinical • P1/2 data • Residual disease • Acute Graft versus Host Disease • Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Chronic Graft versus Host Disease • Graft versus Host Disease • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Immunology • Leukemia • Neutropenia • Oncology • Thrombocytopenia • Transplantation • CD34 • HAVCR2 • IDH2 • NPM1 • WT1

Safety and Activity of the TIM3 Inhibitor Sabatolimab in Patients with Lower-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes (ASH 2024) - "Sabatolimab combined with azacitidine was studied in the phase III STIMULUS MDS2 study in higher-risk MDS, which failed to reach its primary endpoint; responses in that trial modestly favored the combination and no new safety signals were identified. Sabatolimab produced hematological responses in this cohort, including two patients with erythroid responses and one with neutrophil recovery. This study suggests clinical activity in blocking the TIM3 axis in lower-risk MDS and supports further evaluation of this target."

Clinical • Anemia • Atrial Fibrillation • Cardiovascular • Heart Failure • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Infectious Disease • Myelodysplastic Syndrome • Myocardial Infarction • Neutropenia • Oncology • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases • Thrombocytopenia • HAVCR2 • LGALS9

Clinical Features and Preliminary Investigation of PPM1D-Mutated Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (ASH 2024) - "74% (n=14) received hydroxyurea initially, 11% (n=2) received HMA containing therapy and 11% (n=2) were observed or treated with phlebotomy. One patient who had CMML-2 with high-risk features was treated with azacitidine and sabatolimab at diagnosis...Thus, expanded clinical cohorts to further refine the relationship between PPM1D mutations and MPN disease phenotypes coupled with additional mechanistic studies of PPM1D in MPN pathogenesis are required. These findings underscore the complexity of MPNs and highlight avenues for future exploration in precision medicine for patients with PPM1D mutations."

Clinical • Bone Marrow Transplantation • Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia • Essential Thrombocythemia • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Myelofibrosis • Myeloproliferative Neoplasm • Oncology • Polycythemia Vera • Thrombocytosis • CALR • JAK2 • PPM1D

Combined PD-1 and Tim-3 Blockade Improves the in Vitro Anti-Myeloma Activity of T Cells of Patients on Talquetamab (ASH 2024) - P1, P2 | "We further established an in vitro assay to measure the cytotoxic capability of patient T cells obtained from different time points against the GPRC5D-expressing MM1S cell line in the presence of Tal with and without nivolumab and sabatolimab, targeting PD-1 and Tim-3, respectively. Presence of CD8+ Tem cells at baseline resulted in longer PFS, whereas more CD8+ TEMRA cells predicted shorter PFS. While our in vitro model has limitations, it shows that targeting the checkpoint markers PD-1 and Tim-3 may improve potency of BiAbs."

IO biomarker • Preclinical • Hematological Malignancies • Multiple Myeloma • Oncology • CD8 • GPRC5D • HAVCR2 • PD-1 • SDC1

The role of TIM-3 in AML and its potential as a therapeutic target to enhance T cell-based cancer immunotherapy (DGHO 2025) - "Our study provides the first evidence of a combination therapeutic approach consisting of TCR-therapy along with hypomethylation drug and TIM-3 checkpoint-blockade as a potential strategy to circumvent immune evasion in AML. Further investigation on the role of TIM-3 and its potential in enhancing immunotherapy is ongoing."

IO biomarker • Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Oncology • HAVCR2 • LGALS9

The conundrum of drug development in higher-risk MDS: Lessons learned from recently failed phase 3 clinical trials. (PubMed, Blood) - "Aside from allogeneic transplantation, the current standard of care approach for higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms (HR-MDS) remains monotherapy with a hypomethylating agent (HMA) including azacitidine, decitabine, or oral decitabine/cedazuridine...In this review, we discuss lessons learned from the recently reported negative trials of azacitidine in combination with eprenetapopt (APR-246), magrolimab, pevonedistat, sabatolimab, tamibarotene, and venetoclax...Instead, we advocate for using the IWG 2023 response criteria to better capture clinically meaningful benefits in HR-MDS. Lastly, we emphasize the need for the scientific community to access patient-level data and samples from failed phase 3 trials in an efficient and expedited fashion to inform the development of subsequent trials."

Journal • P3 data • Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia • Hematological Malignancies • Myelodysplastic Syndrome • Oncology • Transplantation • TP53

MBG453 in Lower Risk MDS (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=20 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: Massachusetts General Hospital | Recruiting ➔ Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Jan 2026 ➔ Nov 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2024 ➔ Nov 2024

Enrollment closed • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Hematological Malignancies • Myelodysplastic Syndrome • Oncology

Trial of Anti-Tim-3 in Combination With Anti-PD-1 and SRS in Recurrent GBM (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1 | N=16 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins | Trial completion date: Sep 2025 ➔ Sep 2026

Trial completion date • Brain Cancer • Glioblastoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor • MGMT

Beyond Hypomethylating Agents: Novel Therapies and Targeted Approaches. (PubMed, Clin Hematol Int) - "While early excitement was significant, clinical trials of the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) ipilimumab and durvalumab have produced no definitive results, highlighting the need for better patient selection and combination regimens. Emerging drugs luspatercept and imetelstat have been suggested for lower-risk MDS (LR-MDS) by promoting transfusion independence and global hematologic response. In contrast, exploratory agents such as pevonedistat, magrolimab, and sabatolimab are under further investigation for HR-MDS...Identification of predictive biomarkers for response to targeted therapies and immunotherapies is crucial to optimize patient outcomes. An integrated, patient-centered approach combining genomics, novel therapeutics, and immunomodulation is therefore essential to address the current needs in MDS management."

IO biomarker • Journal • Review • Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Immunology • Leukemia • Myelodysplastic Syndrome • Oncology

Progress in Higher-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes (SOHO 2025) - P3 | "15 Nonetheless, the current treatment landscape for HR-MDS is limited to HMA monotherapy, either parenteral (azacitidine or decitabine) or a more recently available oral option (decitabine/cedazuridine), followed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant when feasible, based on patient fitness and donor availability...Eprenetapopt 18,19 (P53-refolding agent), pevonedistat 20 (NEDD8 inhibitor), sabatolimab, 21 magrolimab 22 (anti-CD47 monoclonal antibody promoting macrophage-induced phagocytosis), and most recently, tamibarotene (a retinoid) (DeZern et al accepted Blood Advances 2025) were all once drugs many hematologists hoped could alter the course of disease beyond the current limited armamentarium available in HR-MDS...Conclusions Given an increased understanding of disease biology, improved efforts at predicting outcomes based on baseline genetic alterations, the development of more pragmatic response criteria, and the investigation of novel..."

Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Myelodysplastic Syndrome • Oncology • TP53

Novel Strategies in High-Risk AML: Focus on Immune-Based Strategies (SOHO 2025) - "The two most heavily investigated novel IO agents are the CD47 inhibitor magrolimab and the anti-T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing-3 (TIM-3) inhibitor sabatolimab. Ideally, future translational data in earlier randomized studies will improve our understanding of novel IO therapies, helping to better inform pivotal trials, identify subsets of patients most likely to respond, as well as elucidate mechanisms of resistance. Hopefully, we will have our first breakthroughs in TP53 -mutated MDS/AML and R/R AML patients in the near future."

IO biomarker • Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Myelodysplastic Syndrome • Oncology • Solid Tumor • CTSG • FLT3 • HAVCR2 • PD-1 • TP53

Elevated TIM3 expression on bone marrow T cells drives immune dysfunction in early relapsed blood cancer after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. (PubMed, Exp Hematol Oncol) - "Functional assays demonstrated that TIM3 blockade with sabatolimab restored T cell cytotoxicity, leading to enhanced leukemia cell apoptosis in ER patients. These findings highlight TIM3 as a critical regulator of T cell exhaustion and immune suppression in patients with ER and provide a rationale for the therapeutic use of TIM3 blockade in preventing and treating relapses after allo-HSCT."

Journal • Bone Marrow Transplantation • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Oncology • Transplantation • ER • HAVCR2

ADORE: Platform Study of Novel Ruxolitinib Combinations in Myelofibrosis Patients (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1/2 | N=45 | Terminated | Sponsor: Novartis Pharmaceuticals | Completed ➔ Terminated; Sponsor Decision

Trial termination • Myelofibrosis

STIMULUS MDS-US : Sabatolimab Added to HMA in Higher Risk MDS (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=39 | Terminated | Sponsor: Novartis Pharmaceuticals | Completed ➔ Terminated; Lack of efficacy in the program as demonstrated in the earlier CMBG453B12301 (STIMULUS MDS-2) study.

Trial termination • Hematological Malignancies • Myelodysplastic Syndrome • Oncology

EFFICACY AND OUTCOMES OF NOVEL THERAPEUTIC AGENTS AS MONOTHERAPY OR IN COMBINATION WITH CONVENTIONAL THERAPY IN MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS (EHA 2025) - "Newer agents included Rigosertib (41%, n=312/770), Imetelstat (15%, n=118/770), Pembrolizumab (8%, n=65/770), Enasidenib (9%, n=67/770), and Sabatolimab (7%, n=53/770) Ivosidenib (6%, 45/770), Elritercept 2%, n=15 /770), Pevonedistat (3%, 21/770), Emavusertib (2%, 15/770), Atezolizumab (6%, 46/770), and Olutasidenib (2%, n=13/770). The most commonly used conventional agent was azacitidine (19%, n= 147/770)... This study highlights promising results with the investigational agents for MDS. However, large studies with more power are needed to strengthen our understanding of these investigational agents in MDS patients."

Combination therapy • Monotherapy • Retrospective data • Review • Anemia • Bone Marrow Transplantation • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Myelodysplastic Syndrome • Neutropenia • Oncology • Thrombocytopenia

PRIMARY RESULTS STIMULUS-AML1: A LARGE, INTERNATIONAL, PHASE II STUDY OF SABATOLIMAB COMBINED WITH AZACITIDINE AND VENETOCLAX AS FRONTLINE THERAPY FOR UNFIT ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (AML) PATIENTS (PTS) (EHA 2025) - P2 | "Despite an observed CR rate higher than in historic controls (DiNardo et al. NEJM 2021), STIMULUS-AML1 results did not achieve the predetermined statistical significance over AZA+VEN. The combination of SABA with AZA+VEN is feasible without evidence of increased toxicity."

Clinical • IO biomarker • P2 data • Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Constipation • Febrile Neutropenia • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Infectious Disease • Leukemia • Myelodysplastic Syndrome • Neutropenia • Oncology • HAVCR2 • TP53

STIMULUS-AML2: Sabatolimab as a Treatment for Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Presence of Measurable Residual Disease After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation. (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1/2 | N=24 | Terminated | Sponsor: Novartis Pharmaceuticals | Completed ➔ Terminated; Study was stopped following a strategic decision from the Sponsor. It was not based on any safety findings or safety concerns with sabatolimab.

Trial termination • Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Oncology • Transplantation