Ventavis (iloprost) / Bayer, J&J, University of Copenhagen - LARVOL DELTA

Sotatercept Versus Other Add-on Therapies in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: a Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis (ERS 2026) - "Oral Treprostinil (MD 17m), Inhaled Iloprost (MD 26.0m), Selexipag (MD 8.3m), Ralinepag (MD 7.3m), and MK-5475 (MD -5.7m) showed non-significant effects (Figure 1). Sotatercept demonstrated the highest probability of being the most effective add-on therapy for improving 6MWD in PAH, supporting its positioning as preferred add-on for patients not achieving treatment goals."

Retrospective data • Cardiovascular • Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension • Respiratory Diseases

Pharmacotherapy of Kienböck Disease and the Carpal Avascular Necrosis Family: A Narrative Review with a Four-Axis Translation Framework. (PubMed, Medicines (Basel)) - "Iloprost is the candidate most consistently aligned across the translation axes, though no direct lunate data exist; teriparatide provides the only randomised evidence suggesting reversal of established osteonecrosis at any site (medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw). The lunate sits within a coherent carpal AVN family sharing end-arterial supply, Lichtman-grade trajectories, and a near-identical evidence vacuum. A Four-Axis Translation Framework (mechanistic alignment, anatomic concordance, Lichtman-stage applicability, lunate-specific risk-benefit geometry) is proposed to evaluate which extra-carpal evidence is admissible at the lunate; with the carpal AVN family construct, these are the review's two novel contributions."

Journal • Review • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Orthopedics

Anti-remodelling effects of formyl peptide receptor agonism in a novel precision-cut lung slice model of pulmonary arterial hypertension (ERS 2026) - " PCLS from agarose-inflated lungs were treated with a pulmonary hypertension cocktail (PHC=TNFα, TGF-β, PDGF-AB, ET-1) ± FPR agonist (Cmpd17b, BMS-986235), sildenafil, iloprost or nintedanib (hPCLS only)... Our novel PCLS model mimics phenotypic changes in PAH. Different FPR agonists show varied inhibition of PHC-induced inflammation, fibrogenesis and vascular remodelling in mPCLS and hPCLS. FPR agonism may modify disease progression in PAH, more comprehensively than current therapies."

Cardiovascular • Inflammation • Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension • Respiratory Diseases • IL6 • TGFB1 • TNFA

BASAL RELEASE OF 6-CYANODOPAMINE AND 6-NITRODOPAMINE FROM RAT ISOLATED AORTA AND THEIR ROLE IN VASCULAR RELAXATION. (PubMed, Eur J Pharmacol) - "Vascular reactivity was assessed in U-46619-precontracted rings with intact or removed endothelium and after pharmacological inhibition with Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), indomethacin, SQ-22536, SCH-23390, and haloperidol...SQ-22536 also attenuated forskolin- and iloprost-induced relaxation, supporting involvement of adenylyl cyclase/cAMP signaling in 6-CYD responses...Rat thoracic aorta basally releases 6-CYD and 6-ND, and although both act as potent vasodilators, they have distinct mechanisms of action. These findings shed new light on mechanisms by which the vascular endothelium regulates vascular tone."

Journal • Preclinical • Cardiovascular • Hypertension

IL-13 impairs β2-adrenergic, but not IP receptor-mediated, relaxation in isolated human small airways (ERS 2026) - "In addition, iloprost was more potent and efficacious than salbutamol. These findings indicate IL-13 selectively impairs β2-mediated bronchodilation while sparing IP receptor-mediated relaxation, highlighting IP receptor agonism as an inflammation-resistant relaxing pathway."

Asthma • Immunology • Inflammation • Respiratory Diseases • ADRB2 • IL13

The clinical benefit of prostacyclin treatment in mechanically ventilated patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection is not attributed to anti-inflammatory effects. (PubMed, Cytokine) - "In mechanically ventilated patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and endotheliopathy, iloprost treatment had no detectable effect on inflammatory and T-cell-derived cytokine and growth-factor responses. The findings corroborate that the clinical benefit of iloprost is not attributed to anti-inflammatory effects. We suggest that future studies focus on patient selection for targeted treatment, and on combined treatment with anti-inflammatory and endothelium-stabilizing interventions, in patients with respiratory failure, hyperinflammation, and endotheliopathy."

Journal • Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases

The Effects of Iloprost on Isthmin-1, Adropin and Trpc6 Immunoreactivity in an Experimental Lower Extremity Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Model. (PubMed, Biomedicines) - " Treatment with ILO may have a protective effect on the skeletal muscle of lower extremities exposed to ischemia-reperfusion injury. This effect may be due to a reduction in oxidative stress and the regulation of immunoreactivity of ISM-1, adropin, and TRPC6."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Inflammation • Reperfusion Injury • TRPC6

Effects of Iloprost on TRPM7-Mediated Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in an Experimental Testicular Torsion-Detorsion Model. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "The concurrent increase in TRPM7 expression and apoptotic indices following torsion-detorsion suggests an association between these alterations; however, the present study does not establish a causal relationship between TRPM7 and apoptosis. As TRPM7 activity was not directly assessed or experimentally manipulated, further studies involving TRPM7 inhibition or genetic silencing are required to determine its mechanistic role in testicular I/R-induced apoptosis."

IO biomarker • Journal • Cardiovascular • Inflammation • Reperfusion Injury • BAX • BCL2 • TRPM7

Transient effect of iloprost on left ventricular global longitudinal strain in systemic sclerosis. (PubMed, Clin Exp Rheumatol) - No abstract available

Journal • Immunology • Scleroderma • Systemic Sclerosis

A Multimodal Right Ventricular Protective Strategy for Urgent Liver Retransplantation in Severe Portopulmonary Hypertension (ASA 2026) - "Despite an mPAP rebound to 48 mmHg, surgery proceeded using an aggressive RV-protective strategy including triple vasodilator therapy (sildenafil, bosentan, inhaled iloprost), PAC, and TEE (transesophageal Echochardiogram). mPAP was reduced to 30 mmHg pre-reperfusion, ensuring hemodynamic stability. Multimodal optimization and a "reperfusion-readiness" mindset enable successful urgent retransplantation in severe POPH, challenging traditional contraindications through dynamic monitoring and RV protection."

Cardiovascular • Hematological Disorders • Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Thrombosis • Transplantation

Inhaled pulmonary vasodilators in pulmonary hypertension: Perioperative use and clinical considerations. (PubMed, JHLT Open) - "Traditional vasodilators such as nitroglycerin and sodium nitroprusside lack pulmonary specificity and can exacerbate systemic hypotension. Inhaled agents including nitric oxide (NO), epoprostenol (iEPO), iloprost, milrinone (iMIL) and levosimendan provide selective pulmonary vasodilation with more favorable hemodynamic profiles...Overall, iPVs represent a valuable tool in the perioperative care of patients with PH. Continued research is needed to refine clinical protocols, evaluate emerging agents, and establish outcome-based evidence for their routine use."

Journal • Anesthesia • Cardiovascular • Hypertension • Hypotension • Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Pharmacovigilance assessment of gout: a real-world study using the FAERS database. (PubMed, Front Pharmacol) - "These include Lenalidomide, Sacubitril valsartan, Ruxolitinib, Treprostinil, Octreotide, Selexipag, Rosuvastatin, Sitagliptin, Riociguat, Epoprostenol, Patiromer, Dasabuvir ombitasvir paritaprevir ritonavir, Tafamidis, Sparsentan, and Iloprost. These findings suggest the potential for targeted monitoring of drug-associated gout in clinical practice. When administering these medications, it may be crucial to regularly assess patients' uric acid levels and maintain heightened awareness for the possible onset of gout."

Adverse events • Journal • Real-world evidence • Cardiovascular • Gout • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Hypertension • Inflammatory Arthritis • Oncology • Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Rheumatology

Synthesis, Modeling, and Biological Properties of Fluoroprostacyclin Analogues: Potent Agonists for Prostanoid Receptors. (PubMed, J Med Chem) - "Prostacyclin (PGI2, epoprostenol) and its more stable analogues iloprost and cicaprost are used in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and other related diseases...This led to the discovery of compound 9, a picomolar-potent, IP receptor-selective, and chemically stable PGI2 analogue that combined the ω-side chain of cicaprost with the C-7 difluorinated enol ether of PGI2. This compound provides the most potent PGI2 analogue tested to date."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Hypertension • Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

ASCEND-PAH: Randomized Study of Triple Therapy vs Sildenafil Dose Optimization in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=196 | Recruiting | Sponsor: University of Sao Paulo General Hospital

New P4 trial • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Hypertension • Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Inhaled Iloprost for the Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Interstitial Lung Disease: A Real-World Longitudinal Cohort Study. (PubMed, Respir Med) - "In this real-world cohort of ILD-PH patients, inhaled iloprost was not associated with measurable improvement in clinical, functional, or hemodynamic parameters, while mortality and hospitalization rates remained substantial. Conventional PAH-derived risk stratification tools demonstrated limited longitudinal variation despite the high burden of adverse outcomes, highlighting the need for ILD-PH-specific prognostic frameworks."

Journal • Real-world evidence • Cardiovascular • Hypertension • Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis • Interstitial Lung Disease • Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

A Protocolized Intravenous Epoprostenol Pathway for Frostbite: A Canadian Burn Centre Quality Improvement and Implementation Report. (PubMed, J Burn Care Res) - "Iloprost is the prostacyclin analogue most often described, but access may be delayed in some Canadian settings. Protocol-guided intravenous epoprostenol was feasible and generally well tolerated. Findings should be interpreted as descriptive and hypothesis-generating rather than evidence of treatment efficacy."

Journal

Comment on 'effects of locally applied water-filtered infrared a irradiation adjunctive to iloprost and carbon dioxide hand baths in patients with systemic sclerosis and severe Raynaud's phenomenon - a randomized controlled trial'. (PubMed, Int J Hyperthermia) - No abstract available

Journal • Cardiovascular • Immunology • Rheumatology • Scleroderma • Systemic Sclerosis

Platelet Phenotyping Predicts Ischemic Heart Disease (ISTH 2026) - "Platelet responses—Sensitivity (EC50) and Capacity (Emax)—were measured for fibrinogen binding and P-selectin exposure in response to three platelet agonists (ADP, CRP, TRAP-6) across multiple concentrations, with/without inhibitors (Cangrelor, Iloprost, Ibrutinib and PAPA NONOate). This may serve as a novel screening tool and identify patients with aberrant inhibitor responses, with potential to inform anti-platelet therapy. DOI*10.1016/j.rpth.2026.103680"

Cardiovascular • Coronary Artery Disease • Heart Failure

The novel PGI2 analogue ligand 9 has superb ability to inhibit platelet function and treat severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. (ISTH 2026) - "In wire myography experiments, the lead compound, Ligand 9, demonstrated greater potency in inducing pulmonary artery relaxation compared with the clinically approved IP receptor agonists iloprost and ralinipag...These findings support Ligand 9 as a promising candidate for the treatment of thrombotic disorders and pulmonary arterial hypertension. DOI*10.1016/j.rpth.2026.103593"

Cardiovascular • Hematological Disorders • Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension • Respiratory Diseases • Thrombosis

Platelet ACKR3/CXCR7 Induced AMPKThr172-ACCSer79 pathway Regulates Procoagulant Functions: Implications for Immunothrombosis (ISTH 2026) - "However, unlike iloprost, which did not induce LC-CARs, anticoagulatory LC-CARs released from CXCR7-agonist-treated platelets reduced FXa-dependent thrombin generation, that was counteracted by CPT-1-inhibitor etomoxir. Conclusions Considering the regulatory impact of CXCR7-agonist on procoagulant platelet functions, besides 12-LOX Page 2 and Syk activities, therapeutic targeting of CXCR7 may modulate immunothrombotic complications arising from FcγRIIA-induced platelet activation, as encountered in HIT. Table or Figure Upload (1) ACKR3/CXCR7 induces anticoagulant acylcarnitines retarding FXa-driven thrombin generation, besides regulates Syk, 12-LOX and procoagulant functions, following platelet activation triggered by HIT-IgG DOI*10.1016/j.rpth.2026.103494"

Hematological Disorders • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Thrombosis • ACKR3 • ALOX15 • AMPK • SELP • SYK

Cardiovascular safety profile of prostaglandin E and prostacyclin analogues: Clinical reports and ex vivo studies on human coronary arteries. (PubMed, Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids) - "PGE1/PGE2 analogues, including misoprostol and sulprostone, are primarily used in obstetrics for labour induction, abortion, and postpartum haemorrhage management, whereas PGI2 analogues such as iloprost and treprostinil are key drugs in pulmonary arterial hypertension treatment. All tested PGI2 analogues consistently induced relaxation in our HCA preparations, a finding that aligns with their general improvement of cardiovascular clinical parameters, with only rare exceptions. Together, these findings summarize the cardiovascular effects of clinically-used prostanoids and provide mechanistic insights to optimize their therapeutic use while minimizing cardiovascular risk."

Journal • Preclinical • Review • Cardiovascular • Hypertension • Obstetrics • Postpartum Hemorrhage • Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Clinicopathological Correlation in Seronegative Antiphospholipid Syndrome Presenting with Cutaneous Thrombotic Microangiopathy (BAD 2026) - "Over time, he was treated with highdose oral prednisolone, pentoxifylline, nifedipine, mycophenolate mofetil, intravenous methylprednisolone, iloprost, morphine, pregabalin, enoxaparin, aspirin and low-dose apixaban, with fluctuating clinical improvement...New ulcers, increasing pain and toe infarction prompted an increase in dose of apixaban, with subsequent stabilization on warfarin...Cutaneous thrombotic microangiopathy, clinical deterioration on anticoagulant withdrawal, and exclusion of alternative prothrombotic causes supported the diagnosis and guided management. APS spectrum disease should be considered in patients with ulceration and thrombotic vasculopathy despite negative serology."

Clinical • Cardiovascular • Genetic Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Obesity • Thrombosis

AirFly: Longitudinal Outcomes of Patients With Group 3 Pulmonary Hypertension Treated With Iloprost (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=72 | Completed | Sponsor: University of Sao Paulo General Hospital | Not yet recruiting ➔ Completed | N=50 ➔ 72 | Trial completion date: Jul 2027 ➔ Jun 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2027 ➔ Jun 2026

Enrollment change • Trial completion • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Cardiovascular • Hypertension • Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

De Novo Hypertensive Scleroderma Renal Crisis in a Renal Allograft Recipient (ERA 2026) - "She was immunosuppressed with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and tacrolimus; other medications included antihypertensives and long- term moderate dose prednisolone...Accordingly, IV methylprednisolone was started as an inpatient...Management included iloprost and an increased dose of MMF. Prednisolone was stopped and ramipril commenced...The case demonstrates that the vasculopathy underlying SRC can affect the microvasculature of a renal allograft, even where the native kidney was unaffected. The risk associated with anti-RNA Polymerase III autoantibodies extends to transplanted kidneys, suggesting potential applicability in surveillance and risk stratification of SRC in renal transplant recipients with SSc."

Antibody-mediated Rejection • Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • Diabetic Nephropathy • Hypertension • Immunology • Inflammation • Interstitial Lung Disease • Nephrology • Pneumonia • Scleroderma • Systemic Sclerosis

Triple therapy for calciphylaxis: A retrospective analysis of sodium thiosulfate, iloprost, and anticoagulation. (PubMed, J Dtsch Dermatol Ges) - "In our cohort, a combination therapy consisting of sodium thiosulfate, iloprost, and anticoagulation was associated with favorable treatment response, good tolerability, improved wound healing, and pain relief."

Journal • Retrospective data • Calciphylaxis • Pain • Rare Diseases