nilutamide / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

NRG-GU002: Antiandrogen Therapy and Radiation Therapy With or Without Docetaxel in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer That Has Been Removed by Surgery (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2/3 | N=612 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: NRG Oncology | Completed ➔ Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Oct 2025 ➔ Oct 2030

Enrollment closed • Trial completion date • Genito-urinary Cancer • Oncology • Prostate Adenocarcinoma • Prostate Cancer • Solid Tumor

Testosterone suppression plus enzalutamide versus testosterone suppression plus standard antiandrogen therapy for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (ENZAMET): an international, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. (PubMed, Lancet Oncol) - P3 | "The addition of enzalutamide to standard of care showed sustained improvement in overall survival for patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer and should be considered as a treatment option for eligible patients."

Journal • Metastases • P3 data • Alzheimer's Disease • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Fatigue • Febrile Neutropenia • Genito-urinary Cancer • Hematological Disorders • Hypertension • Neutropenia • Oncology • Prostate Cancer • Solid Tumor

The State of Imidazolone as an Evolving Pharmacophore: Current Progress and Clinical Significance in Oncology and AMR. (PubMed, ACS Omega) - "Nevertheless, the significant therapeutic and clinical efficacy of imidazolone-bearing drugs, such as Nilutamide, Irbesartan, and Leucettinib-21, in anticancer, antihypertensive, and neurotherapeutic applications has stimulated increasing interest in imidazolone chemistry and its medicinal potential. The convergence of in silico predictions with experimental findings offers valuable guidance for the rational development of imidazolone-based therapeutics. Overall, this review emphasizes imidazolones as promising scaffolds with significant potential for future drug discovery and development."

Journal • Review • Oncology • Solid Tumor • BCL2 • EGFR

Interstitial lung disease associated with antiandrogen agents: a pharmacovigilance study based on FDA adverse event reporting system. (PubMed, Int Urol Nephrol) - "This study identified seven antiandrogens with pharmacovigilance signals, among which the signal for darolutamide was detected for the first time. The dual-level analysis generated the hypothesis that bicalutamide-associated ILD may have a greater tendency to evolve into a fibrotic phenotype. The observed Japanese predominance in reporting likely reflects regulatory and reporting-related factors rather than a true biologic excess risk. Female-related ILD reports represent solely a signal-generating observation. These findings are exploratory and require further validation."

Adverse events • Journal • Breast Cancer • Fibrosis • Immunology • Interstitial Lung Disease • Oncology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Solid Tumor

Electrochemical Determination of the Prostate Anti-Cancer Drug Nilutamide Using Gold Nanoparticle-Polymer Based Electrode. (PubMed, ACS Omega) - "The recovery values for the electrochemical method ranged from 90.6% to 87.4%. The developed sensor and method were successfully applied to the analysis of nilutamide in tablet formulations, exhibiting satisfactory accuracy and precision."

Journal • Oncology • Prostate Cancer

VA STARPORT: Veterans Affairs Seamless Phase II/III Randomized Trial of STAndard Systemic theRapy With or Without PET-directed Local Therapy for Oligometastatic pRosTate Cancer (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2/3 | N=464 | Recruiting | Sponsor: VA Office of Research and Development | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2026 ➔ Sep 2026

Trial primary completion date • Genito-urinary Cancer • Oncology • Prostate Cancer • Solid Tumor

Establishment and characterization of enzalutamide resistant prostate CDX models (AACR 2025) - "Although the first generation of anti-androgen receptor (AR) new drugs such as flutamide, nilutamide, and bicalutamide were launched few years ago and lighted new hopes for treatment of androgen dependent PCa, drug resistance was developed quickly and push the second generation of anti-AR drugs such as enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide to the market by their high specific binding to AR and better drug efficacy. Western blot for androgen receptor expression level in tumor tissues and ELISA assay for prostate specific androgen (PSA) level in serum are highly correlated to the tumor volume of C4-2B Enz-R CDX models. The well characterized novel C4-2B Enz-R cell line and CDX model were appropriate for new drug discovery of anti-PCa drugs through AR pathway in vitro and in vivo."

Genito-urinary Cancer • Oncology • Prostate Cancer • Solid Tumor • AR

Exploring the interplay of electron density distribution and electrostatic potential in the interaction of nilutamide and flutamide with androgen receptors using quantum crystallography. (PubMed, RSC Adv) - "The results of the high-resolution X-ray experiment and the advanced computational charge density study of NIL and FLU allows us to understand drug binding and is useful to relate their differing biological effects and toxicities at the electronic level. This information pertains to the design of a new potential androgen inhibitor with improved binding affinity and fewer side effects."

Journal • Genito-urinary Cancer • Oncology • Prostate Cancer • Solid Tumor • AR

NRG-GU002: Antiandrogen Therapy and Radiation Therapy With or Without Docetaxel in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer That Has Been Removed by Surgery (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2/3 | N=612 | Completed | Sponsor: NRG Oncology | Active, not recruiting ➔ Completed | Trial completion date: May 2026 ➔ Oct 2025 | Trial primary completion date: May 2026 ➔ Oct 2025

Trial completion • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Genito-urinary Cancer • Oncology • Prostate Adenocarcinoma • Prostate Cancer • Solid Tumor

Nanoengineered Scheelite-Structured SrWO4 Decorated on MXene Sheets: A Novel Platform for Electrochemical Sensing of the Anti-Cancer Drug Nilutamide with DFT Insights. (PubMed, Environ Res) - "Real-world applications in pond water and human serum demonstrated the electrocatalyst's robustness, selectivity, and real-world applicability. This study establishes SrWO4@MXene as an innovative, scalable, and environmentally sustainable electrocatalyst for pharmaceutical pollutant monitoring, offering significant advancements in electrochemical sensing for environmental and clinical applications."

Journal • Oncology

Metabolic activation of nitro-containing drugs by AKR1C enzymes: A focus on flunitrazepam (ACS-Fall 2025) - "While the reduction of NO2 moieties in drugs is known to be catalyzed by NADPH-dependent flavoenzymes (NADPH:P450 oxidoreductase, NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase [NQO1]), P450 enzymes, and oxidases (aldehyde oxidase, xanthine oxidase), information regarding the involvement of aldo-keto reductases in the reduction of nitro-containing drugs is limited.In this study, we screened six nitro-containing drugs (flunitrazepam, clonazepam, nimesulide, nilutamide, flutamide, and chloramphenicol) as substrates against recombinant human AKR1C1, 1C2, 1C3, and 1C4. In addition, flunitrazepam was also identified as an inhibitor of AKR1C2.In conclusion, AKR1C3 can reduce flunitrazepam to reactive nitroso-intemediates that could enhance drug toxicity. Our findings also suggested that AKRs can modulate GABAA receptor activity either by metabolizing benzodiazepines via AKR1C3 or by synthesizing the neuroactive steroid allopregnanolone via AKR1C2."

Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • AKR1C1 • AKR1C2 • NQO1

Metabolic activation of flunitrazepam via nitroreduction mediated by aldo-keto reductase 1C3. (PubMed, Drug Metab Dispos) - "We screened 6 nitro-containing drugs (flunitrazepam, clonazepam, nimesulide, nilutamide, flutamide, and chloramphenicol) as substrates against recombinant human AKR1C1, AKR1C2, AKR1C3, and AKR1C4, using discontinuous enzymatic assays. We conclude that both AKR1C3 and AKR1C2 may have an important role in flunitrazepam drug response. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Aldo-keto reductase (AKR)1C3 reduces flunitrazepam to 7-amino-flunitrazepam through the formation of reactive nitroso and hydroxylamino intermediates, and by inhibiting AKR1C2, flunitrazepam may reduce the formation of the neuroactive steroid allopregnanolone."

Journal • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • Hepatocellular Cancer • Liver Cancer • Solid Tumor • AKR1C1 • AKR1C2

VA STARPORT: Veterans Affairs Seamless Phase II/III Randomized Trial of STAndard Systemic theRapy With or Without PET-directed Local Therapy for Oligometastatic pRosTate Cancer (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2/3 | N=464 | Recruiting | Sponsor: VA Office of Research and Development | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 ➔ Mar 2029 | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2025 ➔ Mar 2026

Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Genito-urinary Cancer • Oncology • Prostate Cancer • Solid Tumor

Polymorphic Control in Pharmaceutical Gel-Mediated Crystallization: Exploiting Solvent-Gelator Synergy in FmocFF Organogels. (PubMed, Gels) - "We also characterize a previously unreported nilutamide-chloroform solvate through multiple analytical techniques including PXRD, DSC, FTIR, SXRD, and SHG microscopy. Our findings demonstrate that solvent-specific molecular recognition within gel matrices enables access to entirely new regions of polymorphic space, establishing gel-mediated crystallization as a broadly applicable platform technology for pharmaceutical solid form discovery under mild conditions."

Journal

3D Nanoflowers of Binary Metal-Selenide for Improved Electrochemical Sensing and High-Energy-Density Energy Storage. (PubMed, Small) - "As an electrochemical sensor, NF-NiVSe demonstrates outstanding performance in detecting the anticancer drug nilutamide (NLT), with a low reduction potential (-0.53 V), high current response (-56.31 µA), and an ultralow detection limit of 0.2 nM, achieving ≈99% recovery in real samples...A symmetric NF-NiVSe//NF-NiVSe device achieves an energy density of 85 Wh kg⁻¹ at 1800 W kg⁻¹ and powers an LED, showcasing practical viability. The exceptional dual-functionality is attributed to the synergistic redox activity of Ni and V and the unique nanoflower morphology, positioning NF-NiVSe as a promising material for multifunctional applications."

Journal • Oncology

Assessing novel analogues of nilutamide as a human androgen receptor antagonist: A detailed investigation of drug design using a bioisosteric methodology including ADMET profiling, molecular docking studies and molecular dynamics simulation. (PubMed, Comput Biol Chem) - "The analogues NLM28, NLM31, NLM34, NLM38, NLM40, NLM44, NLM45, and NLM47 exhibited favorable interactions and docking scores with the protein (PDB ID: 2AM9). The molecular dynamics (MD) simulation results revealed that the NLM34 and NLM40 complexes were found stable during the 100 ns run. The findings indicate that the NLM analogues, particularly NLM34 and NLM40 have the potential to be used as promising antiandrogen agents for PC therapy."

Journal • Genito-urinary Cancer • Oncology • Prostate Cancer • Solid Tumor

NCI-2018-01856: Finite Androgen Ablation With or Without Abiraterone Acetate and Prednisone in Treating Patients With Recurrent Prostate Cancer (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=310 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | Trial completion date: Feb 2025 ➔ Feb 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Feb 2025 ➔ Feb 2027

Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Genito-urinary Cancer • Oncology • Prostate Adenocarcinoma • Prostate Cancer • Solid Tumor

Lathyrol affects the expression of AR and PSA and inhibits the malignant behavior of RCC cells. (PubMed, Open Med (Wars)) - "There was no statistical distance in PSA, caspase3, and caspase9 expressions among the three groups (P > 0.05). In vitro, lathyrol and nilutamide exert notable anticancer effects by effectively suppressing the proliferation, migration, and invasion of 786-O cells while also inducing apoptosis."

IO biomarker • Journal • Genito-urinary Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • AR • BAX • BCL2 • CASP3 • GAPDH • MMP2 • MMP9

Recent Development in Hydantoins, Thiohydantoins, and Selenohydantoins as Anticancer Agents: Structure-activity Relationship and Design Strategies. (PubMed, Mini Rev Med Chem) - "Hydantoins have been useful in synthesizing medicines like nilutamide, enzalutamide, and apalutamide. To emphasize their significance, certain significant compounds based on hydantoins and their structure activity relationships (SAR) are briefly discussed. We thoroughly analyzed each scaffolds' structural characteristics and SAR, and these scaffolds may one day show potential anticancer activities."

Journal • Oncology

Single-Dose Drug Development Candidate for Schistosomiasis. (PubMed, ACS Infect Dis) - "However, as exemplified by Ro 13-3978, this compound series produced antiandrogenic side effects on the host, a not unexpected outcome given their structural similarity to the antiandrogenic drug nilutamide. The two key advances in our optimization of Ro 13-3978 were swapping the aryl trifluoromethyl substituent with a difluoroethyl to abolish antiandrogenic effects and replacing the hydrogen atoms of the gem-dimethyl substructure with deuterium atoms to increase metabolic stability. Combining these two structural changes led to the discovery of single-dose drug candidate AR102, a compound with potent, selective, and broad-spectrum activity against schistosomes, a long pharmacokinetic half-life in preclinical species, and an acceptable safety profile."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Real-world prevalence of adverse events with first-line systemic therapies among patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer. (PubMed, Prostate) - "Results of this large, real-world study demonstrated that all treatment groups experienced an increase in the rates of AEs over time, including ADT alone. Most AE rates with ADT + ARPIs were comparable with ADT + NSAA and not significantly different from ADT alone. ADT + docetaxel cohort was associated with significantly higher rates for all AEs over time except hypertension, sexual dysfunction, and pain. This study provides real-world evidence on AEs, beyond controlled clinical trials, and may assist healthcare providers to make better-informed decisions about disease management among patients with mCSPC."

Adverse events • Clinical • Journal • Metastases • Real-world • Real-world evidence • Cardiovascular • Fatigue • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Genito-urinary Cancer • Hematological Disorders • Hypertension • Oncology • Pain • Prostate Cancer • Sexual Disorders • Solid Tumor • Thrombocytopenia

NRG-GU002: Antiandrogen Therapy and Radiation Therapy With or Without Docetaxel in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer That Has Been Removed by Surgery (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2/3 | N=612 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: NRG Oncology | N=175 ➔ 612 | Trial completion date: May 2031 ➔ May 2026

Enrollment change • Surgery • Trial completion date • Genito-urinary Cancer • Oncology • Prostate Cancer • Solid Tumor

Effects of Ailanthone in inflammatory breast cancer cell lines (EACR 2024) - "Also, cells were treated with different anti-androgenic treatments: Nilutamide and Bicalutamide (that bind to AR inhibiting its function); VPC-13566 and Ailanthone (that block AR at transcriptional level); and Abiraterone (that inhibit androgen synthesis). Interestingly, on IPC-366 only Ailanthone showed a significant reduction in cell viability and cell migration.Conclusion These preliminary results revealed that blocking AR expression can be an effective therapy for triple negative-IBC, being Ailanthone a potential therapy for its use. However, more research is needed in order to determine the mechanism of action of Ailanthone and its effects on in vivo studies."

Preclinical • Breast Cancer • HER2 Breast Cancer • Hormone Receptor Breast Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • Triple Negative Breast Cancer • AR • HER-2 • PGR

Targeting AR-positive breast cancer cells via drug repurposing approach. (PubMed, Comput Biol Chem) - "Amongst the library of compounds, Adapalene exhibited the least binding energy of (-10.2 kCal/mol) in comparison to that of the chosen reference compound, Nilutamide (-8.6 kCal/mol). However, the overall effect of Adapalene was significantly lower in the case of MDA-MB-231 cell lines, which could be attributed to its inherent nature of the absence of hormone receptors. Conclusively, Adapalene possesses greater therapeutic efficacy in comparison to the control drug, thereby hinting towards the potential use of Adapalene in the treatment of AR-positive breast cancer."

Journal • Breast Cancer • Hormone Receptor Breast Cancer • Hormone Receptor Positive Breast Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • Triple Negative Breast Cancer • AR • ER

Oral chemotherapeutic agents in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. (PubMed, Prostate Int) - "Concerning OS, ADT + abiraterone, ADT + abiraterone + docetaxel, ADT + apalutamide, ADT + bicalutamide, ADT + darolutamide + docetaxel, ADT + enzalutamide, ADT + orteronel, and ADT + rezvilutamide were more effective than the standard of care (SOC). Comparing PFS, most treatments were more effective than SOC, excluding ADT + bicalutamide, nilutamide, flutamide, ADT + bicalutamide + palbociclib, and ADT + nilutamide...Novel oral chemotherapeutic agent combination therapies must replace current ADT monotherapy and ADT + docetaxel SOC. Even so, ADT + docetaxel with ARTA triplet therapy still is not the best mHSPC treatment and requires further study."

Journal • Metastases • Retrospective data • Genito-urinary Cancer • Oncology • Prostate Cancer • Solid Tumor • AR