teriflunomide / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Teriflunomide, an oral dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor, in immune thrombocytopenia (ASH 2025) - P2 | "ConclusionsTeriflunomide has demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and encouraging clinical efficacy in cases ofrelapse, ineligibility, or failure to respond to steroids among ITP patients and warrants further clinicalevaluation. The dose-escalation portion of the study is complete, and enrollment continues at the RP2Dof 14 mg daily for 24 weeks to confirm the treatment benefit."

Alopecia • CNS Disorders • Dermatology • Hematological Disorders • Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura • Immunology • Multiple Sclerosis • Thrombocytopenia • Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Evaluation of Disease Modifying Therapies and Prognostic Factors Affecting Multiple Sclerosis Progression in a Local Centre of Hong Kong. (PubMed, Pragmat Obs Res) - "Interferons (annualised relapse rate (ARR) reduction 0.492, p <0.001) and fingolimod (ARR reduction 0.557, p = 0.038) had significant ARR reductions in our cohort. Overall treatment persistence were comparable, but teriflunomide had more discontinuation due to side effects and/or intolerance (hazard ratio (HR) 7.50, p = 0.029)...This study illustrated the complexity of managing MS patients. Patients' clinical characteristics, disease activity, risk appetite and treatment side effects should be taken in consideration to reach an informed decision on the use of DMTs in our local MS patients."

Biomarker • Journal • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

Cerebellar Subregional Atrophy in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Stage-dependent Dynamics and Pharmacological Modulation. (PubMed, Brain Res Bull) - "This study demonstrated stage-specific patterns of cerebellar atrophy in RRMS and the heterogeneous, stage-dependent effects of DMTs on posterior cerebellar subregions. Lobules IX and VIIIb emerged as critical loci linking pharmacological modulation with cognitive outcomes. These findings suggest that these regions may serve as potential imaging biomarkers of therapeutic response and prognosis in MS."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

Selected aspects of epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Poland: a multicenter pilot study. (PubMed, Neurol Neurochir Pol) - "This study highlights substantial progress in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of MS in Poland over the past 15 years. The widespread implementation of MRI and CSF analysis, alongside significantly improved access to DMTs, has contributed to notably better clinical outcomes. These improvements are reflected in reduced relapse rates, slower disability progression, and a decreased prevalence of secondary progressive MS."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

Recent Advances in Interventions Targeting Remyelination and a Systematic Review of Remyelinating Effects of Approved Disease-Modifying Treatments for Multiple Sclerosis. (PubMed, Eur J Neurol) - "Future proof-of-concept clinical trials investigating remyelinating agents in MS should consider combining outcome measures into composite endpoints. Furthermore, research efforts should be dedicated to novel biomarkers to assess repair mechanisms in MS."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis • Solid Tumor

MIGRA-MS: A case series on chronic migraine and multiple sclerosis (EHF-EHC 2025) - "Prior treatments included interferons and glatiramer acetate; current therapies consisted of ocrelizumab, natalizumab, alemtuzumab, teriflunomide, or dimethyl fumarate...All received a median of three classic preventives (amitriptyline in all cases) and onabotulinumtoxinA (PREEMPT, 155 IU) with only one responder; two patients received an extended dose (195 IU) without benefit and later CGRP monoclonal antibodies (galcanezumab, erenumab, eptinezumab) with no response, and atogepant with only transient or partial benefit...In this case series of relapsing–remitting MS with chronic resistant migraine, response to onabotulinumtoxinA and anti-CGRP therapies was limited, with no drug interactions or adverse effects observed. An individualized approach and further studies are needed to assess emerging treatments in this subgroup."

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Migraine • Multiple Sclerosis • Pain

STHENOS: Open Label Randomized Multicenter to Assess Efficacy & Tolerability of Ofatumumab 20mg vs. First Line DMT in RMS (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=185 | Completed | Sponsor: Novartis Pharmaceuticals | Active, not recruiting ➔ Completed | Trial completion date: Feb 2026 ➔ Nov 2025

Trial completion • Trial completion date • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

TERIFAB-MS: Real-world Experience of Oral Agents On Fatigability in Multiple Sclerosis (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=100 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: TC Erciyes University | Trial completion date: Jan 2027 ➔ Jun 2027 | Initiation date: Mar 2025 ➔ Nov 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2027 ➔ Jun 2027

Real-world evidence • Trial completion date • Trial initiation date • Trial primary completion date • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

Safety of disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis: real-world data from the Austrian MS Treatment Registry (AMSTR). (PubMed, J Neurol) - "The safety data from the AMSTR do not reveal any new safety issues, particularly regarding neoplasms and infections. Hence, people with MS as well as their treating neurologists are reassured to continue treatment with DMT, as the benefit-risk profile of DMT could be reaffirmed."

Journal • Real-world evidence • Basal Cell Carcinoma • CNS Disorders • Endocrine Disorders • Infectious Disease • Multiple Sclerosis • Non-melanoma Skin Cancer • Oncology

Effectiveness and safety of ofatumumab in treatment-naive and oral DMT-switched multiple sclerosis patients: a multicenter observational study in China. (PubMed, Mult Scler Relat Disord) - "This real-world study revealed a significant decrease in disease activity and progression among MS patients treated with ofatumumab, both in treatment-naïve and oral DMTs-switched patients, while maintaining a well-tolerated safety profile."

Journal • Observational data • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

Decitabine Activity Against TP53-Mutated Myeloid Neoplasms Is Enhanced By Combination with a Non-Cytotoxic p53/BAX-Independent Inhibitor of Pyrimidine Synthesis (ASH 2024) - "DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1)-degraders decitabine (Dec) or 5-azacytidine (Aza) (hypomethylating agents, HMA) with or without the BCL2-inhibitor venetoclax (Ven), are standard-of-care for TP53-mutated (m) acute myeloid leukemias (AML)...(iv) We thus considered p53/BAX-independent methods to reduce pyrimidine nucleotides : teriflunomide (Teri), approved to treat multiple sclerosis, directly inhibits de novo pyrimidine synthesis at dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH)...Conclusion. Mechanism and in vivo proof-of-principle thus support metronomic, timed-combination Teri/HMA, or Teri pro-drug leflunomide/HMA, as candidate solutions for Ven/HMA-resistance, including to treat TP53-mutated disease."

IO biomarker • Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • CNS Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Inflammatory Arthritis • Leukemia • Multiple Sclerosis • Oncology • DCK • DNMT1 • GLI2 • PTPRC • TP53

Clinical and Economic Impact of Early Treatment in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis With High-Efficacy Disease-Modifying Therapy in Mexico (ISPOR-EU 2025) - "OBJECTIVES: To estimate the clinical and economic impact of early use of high efficacy disease modifying therapies (DMTs) for relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), by comparing four treatment strategies currently used in Mexico: (1) no DMT (symptomatic treatment), (2) moderate efficacy DMTs (interferons, glatiramer acetate, teriflunomide, dimethyl fumarate), (3) escalation (starting with moderate efficacy DMTs and switching to high efficacy DMTs after five years: cladribine, fingolimod, alemtuzumab, ocrelizumab, natalizumab, ofatumumab), and (4) early initiation with high efficacy DMTs. A cost consequence analysis was conducted using a Markov model with four health states: mild disability (EDSS <4), moderate disability (EDSS 4, 5.5), severe disability (EDSS ≥6), and death... Early initiation with high-efficacy DMTs represents the most favorable strategy in terms of clinical outcomes and costs, maximizing life years gained and significantly improving..."

Clinical • HEOR • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

Budget Impact Analysis of Dimethyl Fumarate for the Treatment of Relapsing/Remitting Multiple Sclerosis in Iraq (ISPOR-EU 2025) - "We evaluated the annual financial consequences of adding DMF to the existing therapies in the public formulary which included: Interferon βeta 1B Injection, Interferon βeta 1A Injection, Teriflunomide tablets, Fingolimod capsules, Natalizumab injection and Ocrelizumab injection... Adding DMF to Iraqi public formulary for treating RRMS is associated with substantial cost-savings to the healthcare budget. These findings may support more efficient allocation of healthcare resources in Iraq."

HEOR • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis • IFNB1

Multiple sclerosis pathophysiology: a comprehensive review of genetic, environmental, and immunological drivers. (PubMed, Inflammopharmacology) - "Therapeutically, modern disease-modifying therapies (interferon-β, glatiramer acetate, oral S1P modulators, fumarates, teriflunomide, cladribine, natalizumab, anti-CD20 monoclonals including ocrelizumab, ofatumumab, and ublituximab) reduce relapse rates and MRI activity yet do not consistently prevent disability progression-particularly in non-active progressive MS. Acute relapses are treated with high-dose corticosteroids; plasma exchange is reserved for steroid-refractory attacks. These realities motivate mechanism-informed strategies that pair sustained immune control with CNS-intrinsic neuroprotection and remyelination."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Epstein-Barr Virus Infections • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Multiple Sclerosis • HLA-DRB1 • IFNB1

Effectiveness of teriflunomide in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis who switched from other disease-modifying therapies. (PubMed, Medicine (Baltimore)) - "After switching to teriflunomide, patients with RMS (relapsing-remitting MS or aSPMS) experienced a reduction in relapses and evidence for recovery from lymphopenia. Other markers of disability worsening, including EDSS, remained stable after switching to teriflunomide."

Journal • Observational data • Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

Dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system - a key factor in the progression of multiple sclerosis? (PubMed, J Med Life) - "These findings suggest possible early dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system in MS and indicate that teriflunomide treatment is associated with a strengthened AEA-2-AG relationship. Larger, longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm these observations and to assess clinical implications for disease progression and patient quality of life."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis • Oncology

Tolerance of non-TNF α treatments in patient with an inflammatory rheumatic (IRD) and autoimmune demyelinating diseases: French retrospective cases series (ACR Convergence 2025) - "The use of non-anti-TNF targeted therapies (anti-IL17, anti-IL6R, CTLA-4Ig, Jaki, anti-IL23, anti-CD20, PDE4 inhibitor, and anti-IL-12 and IL-23) in patients with RIC does not appear to worsen demyelinating disease."

Retrospective data • Ankylosing Spondylitis • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Psoriatic Arthritis • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Rheumatology • Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies • Spondylarthritis • IL12A • IL17A • IL23A

A Review of the Impact of Platform Therapies (DMTs) on Associated Clinical Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis. (PubMed, J Multidiscip Healthc) - "This narrative review consolidates the current evidence of the role of platform DMTs (Glatiramer Acetate (GA), Interferon (IFN), Dimethyl Fumarate (DMF), Teriflunomide (TER)) on the associated symptoms of MS and their efficacy in prevention of relapse, and disease progression...This review offers insights and proposes a hypothesis for conducting a large-scale study to explore the impact of platform therapies on MS symptoms that affect quality of life. It may also aid clinicians in making evidence-based therapeutic decisions for the effective management of PwMS."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Depression • Fatigue • Movement Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis • Pain • Psychiatry

Thermodynamic and Kinetic Aspects of Leflunomide to Teriflunomide Interconversion and the Tautomeric Equilibrium of Teriflunomide: A Quantum-Chemical DFT Study. (PubMed, J Org Chem) - "Thus, the E-enol1 form interconverts slowly, which is in agreement with the experimental findings. In basic environments where the amounts of enol anions become larger, the reverse interconversion may occur: from Z-enol1 to E-enol1, due to the lower Gibbs free energy of the E-enol1 anion."

Journal • ENO1

Research Communication: Teriflunomide Does Not Affect Gluten-Specific T-Cell Activity in Coeliac Disease-A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Trial. (PubMed, Aliment Pharmacol Ther) - "The main aim was to observe attenuation of gluten-specific T-cell activation markers after gluten exposure. We found no significant differences in T-cell activity between groups, concluding that teriflunomide is ineffective as a non-dietary treatment for coeliac disease."

Clinical • Journal • Celiac Disease • Immunology

Characterizing post-COVID-19 syndrome in multiple sclerosis: Vaccine status, infection burden, and therapy categories as predictors. (PubMed, Mult Scler Relat Disord) - "PCS prevalence in this MS cohort was lower than in the general population, but category I DMTs and repeated infections were key risk factors. Findings suggest the need for individualized risk assessment, indicating that higher efficacy DMTs do not appear to pose an increased risk of PCS in pwMS."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Fatigue • Infectious Disease • Multiple Sclerosis • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Pain • Respiratory Diseases

Efficacy and safety of ublituximab for relapsing multiple sclerosis patients: current evidence and expert opinion. (PubMed, J Neurol) - "Phase III randomized controlled trials ULTIMATE I and II confirmed superior efficacy of ublituximab over teriflunomide, achieving substantial reductions in annualized relapse rates, near-complete suppression of gadolinium-enhancing T1 lesions and new/enlarging T2-hyperintense white matter lesions, as well as higher rates of no evidence of disease activity 3. Real-world evidence, extended follow-ups, and comprehensive biomarker assessment specific to MS-related pathology will be essential to confirm its efficacy and optimize RMS patients' management. This review synthesizes discussions from two meetings of Italian Neurologists held in 2024 and 2025, focusing on efficacy and safety data of ublituximab, and providing a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of its current and future role in RMS treatment."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

Disease modifying treatment of radiologically isolated syndrome: A systematic review of the use, efficacy, effectiveness, and safety. (PubMed, Rev Neurol (Paris)) - "DMTs reduced the risk of a clinical demyelinating event in individuals with RIS, albeit with more adverse events compared to placebo. However, no literature addressed longer-term benefits/adverse effects."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

Teriflunomide treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: An experience from Saudi Arabia. (PubMed, Medicine (Baltimore)) - "Overall, the safety profile was consistent with real-world experience. Larger local studies are needed to confirm this finding."

Journal • Observational data • Retrospective data • Alopecia • CNS Disorders • Inflammation • Multiple Sclerosis

The effect of disease-modifying therapies on brain volume loss and disability accumulation in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. (PubMed, Lancet Reg Health Eur) - "Eight DMTs significantly reduced BVL compared to placebo, including ponesimod (ROM = 0.52; 95%-CI: 0.35-0.77), ofatumumab (ROM = 0.58; 95%-CI: 0.40-0.83), alemtuzumab (ROM = 0.63; 95%-CI: 0.49-0.83), teriflunomide (ROM = 0.71; 95%-CI: 0.52-0.97), ozanimod (ROM = 0.74; 95%-CI: 0.56-0.98), natalizumab (ROM = 0.77; 95%-CI: 0.61-0.96), siponimod (ROM = 0.77; 95%-CI: 0.60-0.98), and fingolimod (ROM = 0.83; 95%-CI: 0.71-0.96)...These findings support BVL as a meaningful treatment target in MS. None."

Journal • Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis