deoxyglucose / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

H3K18 histone lactylation mediates hypoxia-induced FBXW11 upregulation and supports proliferative and self-renewal-associated properties of hair follicle stem cells. (PubMed, Exp Cell Res) - "Separate treatment with the glycolysis inhibitors 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) or oxamate reduced lactate accumulation, H3K18la, and HFSC-associated marker expression...Together, these findings support a hypoxia-glycolysis/lactate-H3K18la-FBXW11 pathway that contributes to proliferative and self-renewal-associated phenotypes of cultured HFSCs and to hypoxia-responsive hair shaft growth ex vivo. Further in vivo studies are required to establish its role in physiological hair cycle."

Journal • Targeted Protein Degradation • CD34 • CK19 • FBXO11 • HIF1A • KRT19

Isolation of a malic acid-overproducing sake yeast that does not possess the known mutations causing high-malic acid-production. (PubMed, Biosci Biotechnol Biochem) - "Sake yeast strains with high-malic acid-productivity have been bred, and numerous mutations causing high-malic acid-production have been identified. Here, we spontaneously isolated a high-malic acid-producing mutant among the selected 2-deoxyglucose resistants, that does not possess the known mutations causing high-malic acid-production from the original sake yeast."

Journal

N-acetylcysteine restores osteogenesis in human periodontal ligament stem cells by attenuating HIF-1α-driven oxidative stress and glycolytic reprogramming. (PubMed, J Dent Sci) - "Cells were treated with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG), or the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. HIF-1α stabilization suppresses hPDLSC osteogenesis by inducing both oxidative stress and pathological glycolytic reprogramming. Targeted antioxidant intervention effectively mitigates these impairments, highlighting the ROS/PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α axis as a key link between redox imbalance and metabolic dysfunction, and suggesting a potential therapeutic target for periodontal regeneration."

Journal • Dental Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Periodontitis • HIF1A • RUNX2 • SLC2A1

Targeting Glycolysis May Bridge Innate and Adaptive Immune Regulation in Experimental Peri-Implantitis. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "This study evaluated whether systemic treatment with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) could attenuate experimental peri-implantitis and alter inflammatory markers associated with macrophage- and T-cell-mediated responses in a rat model...These findings provide proof-of-concept evidence that 2-DG treatment reduces peri-implant bone loss and is associated with attenuated inflammatory changes and lower expression of M1- and Th17-associated inflammatory markers in experimental peri-implantitis. This study supports further investigation of 2-DG as a potential immunometabolic adjunct for peri-implantitis management."

Journal • Osteoporosis • CD86 • FOXP3 • IL17A • IL18 • IL21 • IL6 • TNFA

Loss of glucokinase function relieves carbon catabolite repression in basidiomycetous yeast Pseudozyma antarctica. (PubMed, J Biosci Bioeng) - "Ultraviolet irradiation of P. antarctica resulted in mutant strains that exhibited resistance to the toxic glucose analog 2-deoxyglucose and reduced the CCR of the xylanase and PaE driven by their own promoters...Deletion of PaGLK1 in the PaE overexpression strain showed only a limited reduction in PaE production, even when 3% of the 4% xylose in the liquid medium was replaced with glucose. These results indicate that disruption of the glucokinase gene considerably reduces the cost of the PaE-producing medium and facilitates the efficient production of useful proteins in basidiomycetous yeasts."

Journal

Tumor necrosis factor alpha triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS-driven cytokine amplification in bovine fibroblast-like synoviocytes. (PubMed, Front Vet Sci) - "TNF-α increased the lactate/pyruvate ratio and the uptake of the fluorescent D-glucose analog 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1, 3-diazol-4-yl) amino]-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-NBDG), suggesting an increase in glucose metabolism and a shift toward aerobic glycolysis...Computational classification (UMAP/K-means) confirmed the morphological alterations. These findings demonstrate that mtROS and metabolic rewiring synergistically drive bovine synovial inflammation, highlighting mitochondrial dysfunction as a potential therapeutic target for joint inflammation-associated lameness."

Journal • Inflammation • Inflammatory Arthritis • Metabolic Disorders • Oncology • CXCL8 • IL1B • IL6 • PTGS2 • TNFA

Glycolysis Drives TLR Ligand-Induced Maturation and Immune Activation of Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells. (PubMed, Liver Int) - "TLR ligand-induced activation and pro-inflammatory functions of LSECs critically depend on glycolysis via the mTORC1 signalling pathway. This reveals a key metabolic mechanism underlying LSEC immune regulation during innate stimulation."

IO biomarker • Journal • Hepatitis B • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • HIF1A • IL12A • MYC • TLR2

SIRT1 deacetylates GAPDH to drive microglial glycolysis and neuroinflammation. (PubMed, Front Immunol) - "Pharmacological activation of SIRT1 (SRT1720) reversed this modification and enhanced glycolytic output, mimicking the effects of the deacetylation-mimetic K254R mutant. Glycolytic inhibition with 2-deoxyglucose reduced most of the excess cytokines, confirming enhanced flux as the causal factor in K254-driven inflammatory amplification. Thus, SIRT1-GAPDH signaling represents a post-translational axis linking sirtuin activity directly to glycolytic enzyme function, distinct from SIRT1's traditional transcriptional roles and serving as a viable molecular checkpoint in microglial immunometabolism."

Journal • Inflammation • GAPDH • IFNG • IL1B • IL6 • SIRT1 • TNFA

Candida albicans reprograms Staphylococcus aureus glycolytic metabolism to drive enhanced virulence. (PubMed, Virulence) - "The metabolic reprogramming phenotype is glycolysis-dependent, which is evidenced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose-mediated inhibition of virulence enhancement...Collectively, these findings indicate that C. albicans enhances S. aureus virulence through metabolic reprogramming. Targeting lactate metabolism or glycolytic intermediates may disrupt this cooperative interaction, offering a novel therapeutic strategy against these polymicrobial infections."

Journal • Hematological Disorders • Infectious Disease

Hypoxia-Induced Lactylation of NSUN3 Promotes m5C Methylation of SETD2 to Regulate Peripheral Nerve Injury Repair. (PubMed, J Peripher Nerv Syst) - "Intermittent hypoxia facilitated the regeneration of injured DRG neurons through lactate-mediated NSUN3 lactylation. This process was correlated with the stability of SETD2 mRNA via m5C modification, thereby mitigating cellular senescence and promoting mitochondrial function. These findings present novel targets for strategies aimed at nerve repair."

Journal • CDKN1A • LMNB1 • SETD2

2-Deoxyglucose Dendrimer-Enabled Niclosamide Delivery to FRβ-Expressing Macrophages Alleviates Endometriosis Progression and Associated Hyperalgesia. (PubMed, Adv Healthc Mater) - "A single intraperitoneal dose of FA-2DG-D-Niclo (25 or 50 mg/kg/bw of niclosamide) significantly reduced FRβ+ macrophage burden, suppressed lesion number and volume, and markedly improved EuE-associated hyperalgesia at 2 weeks post-treatment. Together, these findings establish FRβ+ macrophages as a potential target in EuE and present FA-2DG-D-Niclo as a nonhormonal, macrophage-focused nanomedicine for precise and effective endometriosis treatment."

Journal • Endometriosis • Gynecology • Inflammation • Women's Health

Changes in Cerebral Glucose Metabolism at Rest Following Hemicontusive Cervical Spinal Cord Injury in Mice: A Whole-Brain Autoradiographic Study. (PubMed, Eur J Neurosci) - "Here, we apply high-resolution, voxel-based, whole-brain metabolic mapping using the [14C]-2-deoxyglucose autoradiographic method in adult, female mice to assess functional brain reorganization in a subacute stage (1 week after SCI)...The current preliminary findings underscore the broadness of brain reorganization in the subacute stage following a unilateral contusive-type SCI. Functional whole-brain metabolic mapping provides a roadmap for future targeted studies examining neuroplastic markers to evaluate new therapeutic strategies."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Orthopedics • Solid Tumor • GFAP

Dual Metabolic Targeting of Cancer: Lessons from Metformin and 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Combinations. (PubMed, Cancers (Basel)) - " Combined inhibition of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration potentiates the antiproliferative effects of metformin, increases metabolic vulnerability in cancer cells, and is supported by molecular docking evidence of interactions with metabolic targets, while showing limited toxicity toward normal fibroblasts. These findings support dual metabolic targeting as a promising therapeutic strategy and warrant further mechanistic and in vivo studies."

Journal • Cervical Cancer • Colorectal Adenocarcinoma • Colorectal Cancer • Lung Adenocarcinoma • Lung Cancer • Non Small Cell Lung Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Macrophage metabolic reprogramming in organ transplantation: mechanisms, transplant outcomes, and therapeutic implications. (PubMed, Front Cell Infect Microbiol) - "Emerging therapeutic strategies target macrophage metabolism, including metabolic enzyme inhibitors such as 2-deoxyglucose, which attenuates chronic lung allograft dysfunction, cell-based therapies, nanoparticles, and gene editing, for example macrophage-specific MEK1/2 ablation via CRISPR/Cas9, which reprograms glycolysis to OXPHOS and ameliorates cardiac rejection. Harnessing these metabolic nodes may complement current immunosuppression and improve graft survival, warranting future clinical evaluation."

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • Fibrosis • Immunology • Oncology • Reperfusion Injury • Respiratory Diseases • Transplant Rejection • Transplantation • CPT1A • HIF1A • IL1B • IL6 • MAP2K1 • PKM • TNFA

Advancing genotoxicity assessment with transcriptomic biomarkers: From 2D to 3D HepaRG spheroid models. (PubMed, Toxicol Sci) - "Human-hepatic HepaRG spheroids were treated for 72h with three different groups of chemicals: A) five genotoxic chemicals: lasiocarpine, cyclophosphamide, ethyl methanesulfonate, aflatoxin B1, benzo[a]pyrene; B) five non-genotoxic non-carcinogens: aflatoxin B2, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, D-mannitol, caffeine, ampicillin trihydrate; and C) five non-genotoxic carcinogens: perfluorooctanoic acid, diethanolamine, thioacetamide, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Results with both biomarkers generally aligned with existing knowledge for all three groups of tested chemicals, effectively distinguishing genotoxic from non-genotoxic chemicals. The results of this study indicate that combining the 3D HepaRG spheroid model with transcriptomic biomarkers offers a promising, human-relevant approach to complement traditional in vitro genotoxicity tests."

Biomarker • Journal

Donor-cell HKDC1 contributes to glycolysis-associated macrophage-like responses induced by HCC-derived ectosome-enriched fractions. (PubMed, Int Immunopharmacol) - "The inhibitory effects of 2-deoxy-d-glucose supported the involvement of recipient-cell glycolytic activity in the observed phenotype...Collectively, these findings support an association between donor-cell HKDC1 and the macrophage-modulating activity of HCC-derived ectosome-enriched fractions. Direct HKDC1 transfer, HKDC1-specific enzymatic activity in recipient cells, and the diagnostic or treatment-predictive utility of circulating HKDC1 remain to be established."

Journal • Hepatocellular Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • GATA1

Loss of glucose-6-phosphate inhibition drives hexokinase 1 hyperactivity in NEDVIBA-associated HK1 variants (SSIEM 2026) - "The loss of feedback inhibition observed in vitro was confirmed in HEPG2 cell models, where non-limiting glucose availability led to increased rates of 2-deoxyglucose phosphorylation and elevated intracellular levels of G6P/fructose-6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate... Our findings indicate that pathogenic HK1 variants in NEDVIBA patients confer a gain-of-function effect. These variants reduce the sensitivity of HK1 to G6P–mediated feedback inhibition, resulting in enhanced glucose phosphorylation in vitro and in HK1-overexpressing cell lines. This mechanism is consistent with the elevated CSF lactate observed in patients and may explain the lack of efficacy of low-carbohydrate/ high-fat diets in controlling seizures."

CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Mental Retardation • HK1

Strigolactones restrict sugar acquisition in rice tiller buds to inhibit their outgrowth through suppressing the expression and polarized localization of two monosaccharide transporters. (PubMed, Mol Plant) - "Tiller bud outgrowth of the tb1SG0312 mutant was severely inhibited by a non-metabolizable glucose analog (2-Deoxy-D-glucose) and an inhibitor of sugar transporters (CCCP). Moreover, simultaneous knockout of OsMST3/6 rescued the high-tillering phenotype of the d3s2-215, d10XJ1705 and tb1SG0312mutants. Together, we found a novel mechanism by which SLs control tillering by limiting sugars allocation to buds through suppressing monosaccharide transporters OsMST3/6."

Journal

FGD5 regulates PGK1 ubiquitination to synergize with 2-deoxy-D-glucose in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. (PubMed, Oncogene) - "Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) exhibits profound metabolic plasticity that underlies its aggressive growth and therapeutic resistance. Pharmacological perturbation with CB-5083 attenuates FGD5-PGK1-associated proteostasis readouts, whereas 2-DG inhibits glycolytic flux and lactate-associated H3K18la. Together, CB-5083 and 2-DG cooperate to suppress PDAC growth by coupling perturbation of the FGD5-PGK1-associated proteostasis axis with glycolytic inhibition."

Journal • Oncology • Pancreatic Cancer • Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma • Targeted Protein Degradation • PGK1

Mannose supports lung cancer metabolism during glycolytic limitation. (PubMed, EMBO Rep) - "Stable isotope tracing reveals enhanced contribution of mannose to GDP-mannose and GDP-fucose, key glycosylation precursors, upon treatment with the glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) or glucose starvation in vitro...Mannose is also shuttled towards glycolysis in lung tumors in vivo and glucose-deprived cells in vitro. In conclusion, mannose utilization for glycosylation precursor synthesis represents an adaptive strategy in lung cancer cells under metabolic stress."

Journal • Lung Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

M2 macrophage-derived exosomes improve periodontitis-induced inflammatory bone loss by regulating glycolysis in male rats. (PubMed, Biochem Biophys Res Commun) - "Animals received local administration of M2-Exo with or without the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG)...Collectively, these findings demonstrate that M2-Exo promotes alveolar bone regeneration in periodontitis, at least in part, by enhancing glycolysis through the TRIM26/PKM2/RUNX2 signaling axis. This study provides mechanistic insight into exosome-mediated metabolic regulation and highlights its therapeutic potential for the treatment of periodontitis-associated bone loss."

Journal • Preclinical • Dental Disorders • Fibrosis • Immunology • Osteoporosis • Periodontitis • PKM • RUNX2 • TRAP

Neuroprotective Delivery of Dexmedetomidine Liposomes Mitigates Cerebral Energy Crisis by Modulating Calcium-Driven Aerobic Glycolysis in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. (PubMed, Int J Nanomedicine) - "In vivo CIRI model mice received Dex-lip, with or without the aerobic glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG)...In vitro, astrocytes were treated with the calcium channel blocker nifedipine to evaluate intracellular calcium, lactate levels, and glycolysis-related gene expression...Dex-lip ameliorates CIRI by reducing astrocytic calcium overload, enhancing aerobic glycolysis and lactate supply to neurons, thereby preventing apoptosis. This study provides a mechanistic basis and therapeutic strategy for CIRI."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Reperfusion Injury

Bupleuri radix total saikosaponins alleviate liver fibrosis by inhibiting hepatic stellate cell activation via SIRT3-SMAD3/HIF-1α -mediated glycolysis. (PubMed, Phytomedicine) - "BRTS regulates the SMAD3/HIF-1α signalling axis through SIRT3 to mediate glycolysis in HSCs, which suppresses HSC activation and improves liver fibrosis."

Journal • Fibrosis • Hepatology • Immunology • Liver Cancer • Liver Cirrhosis • Liver Failure • Oncology • Solid Tumor • HIF1A • LDHA • PKM • SIRT3 • SLC2A1 • SMAD3 • TGFB1

Metabolic Blockade of Glycolysis Diminishes Autoreactive CD4 T-Cell Effector Responses in Type 1 Diabetes. (PubMed, Diabetes) - "Our goal: limit glycolysis with 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) in autoreactive CD4 T cells to delay spontaneous type 1 diabetes in NOD mice...The effects of 2-DG on antigen-presenting cells resulted in a decrease in CD86 expression that may partly explain the induction of anergy. Inhibiting glycolysis is sufficient to diminish autoreactive CD4 T-cell responses and may be therapeutically applicable to other T cell-mediated inflammatory diseases."

Journal • Diabetes • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus • CD4 • CD73 • CD86 • IFNG

Par-4/TERT induced autophagy dysregulation in regulating glycolysis in hyperglycemia combined with hepatocellular carcinoma. (PubMed, J Bioenerg Biomembr) - "The anti-tumor effects of AKT inhibitors (SH-5 and LY294002), the autophagy regulator (rapamycin), and the glycolysis inhibitor (2-deoxy-D-glucose, 2-DG) were further evaluated. The Par-4/TERT regulatory axis modulates autophagy dysregulation and glycolytic metabolism through the AKT signaling cascade, contributing to HCC progression under hyperglycemic conditions. Synergistic targeting of this axis, in conjunction with AKT blockade and glycolytic inhibition, exerts potent anti-tumor activity, providing a novel precision therapeutic strategy for HCC associated with hyperglycemia."

Journal • Diabetes • Hepatocellular Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • SLC2A1 • TERT