deoxyglucose / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Altered Glut4, IRAP, and Brain Insulin Signaling in a Mouse Model of Epilepsy and Contributions to Glucose Transport in Neurons and Astrocytes. (PubMed, J Neurochem) - "This study aimed to characterize the expression of Glut1, Glut3, Glut4, and key regulators of Glut4 trafficking in the chronic stage of the mouse pilocarpine epilepsy model...Contributions of Glut4 and IRAP to 3H-2-deoxyglucose uptake were quantified in primary mouse neurons and astrocytes...This is the first report showing increased astrocytic Glut4 expression in a rodent epilepsy model. Along with the finding of significant contributions of Glut4 and IRAP to glucose uptake in neurons, our work points to IRAP inhibitors as new pharmacological approaches improving neuronal energy supply to prevent seizure generation in epilepsy."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • FAP • GFAP • SLC2A1 • SLC2A3 • SLC2A4

Neonatal hypoglycemia triggered by maternal ritodrine administration is caused by inhibition of gluconeogenesis in the neonatal liver in rodents. (PubMed, Biochem Biophys Res Commun) - "Since blood glucose levels are regulated by a balance between peripheral glucose utilization and hepatic glucose production, we first assessed peripheral glucose uptake by measuring 2-deoxyglucose incorporation in the pup limbs...Finally, hepatic expression of genes encoding gluconeogenic enzymes was significantly reduced in the ritodrine group. Overall, our findings demonstrate that ritodrine-induced neonatal hypoglycemia is caused by suppression of hepatic gluconeogenic enzyme expression in an insulin-independent manner."

Journal • Preclinical • Diabetes • Hypoglycemia

Ditrioxzin synergizes with 2-deoxy-d-glucose to induce redox-dependent metabolic crisis in gastric cancer through dual targeting of peroxiredoxin 3 and glycolysis. (PubMed, Toxicol Appl Pharmacol) - "Combined DTO/2-DG treatment promoted ATP depletion and apoptosis (69.6 % vs 24.1 % DTO alone) via ROS-dependent pathways, an effect abrogated by N-acetylcysteine. In vivo, DTO (10 mg/kg) and 2-DG (500 mg/kg) synergistically suppressed tumor growth (66 %, P < 0.001) in xenograft models without body weight loss or histopathological changes in kidney/heart. Our findings establish DTO as a novel Prx3-targeted agent that synergizes with 2-DG to induce metabolic crisis, providing a high-safety-profile therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer."

Journal • Gastric Cancer • Metabolic Disorders • Oncology • Solid Tumor

biomarker Driven Strategies for Targeted Elimination of Hypoxia Adapted Lymphoma Cells (ASH 2023) - "Sensitivity of HA cells to 2-deoxyglucose, an inhibitor of glycolysis was markedly increased (Figure 1)...Sensitivity of HA cells to a panel of the tested cytotoxic drugs (cytarabin, cisplatin, bortezomib) and targeted agents (venetoclax, S63545, A1155463, TRAIL, polatuzumab vedotin, IM-156, copanlisib) was either unchanged or increased (compared to sensitivity of the original cell lines cultured under normoxia)...In translation, P4HA1, BCL-XL, and structural proteins of the glycolytic pathway may represent novel drugable targets for more effective elimination of hypoxia-adapted lymphoma cells. Financial Support: Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic AZV NU23-03-00172, Grant Agency of the Czech Republic GA23-05377S, and National Institute for Cancer Research (EXCELES) LX22NPO5102."

Biomarker • B Cell Lymphoma • Burkitt Lymphoma • Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma • Hematological Malignancies • Lymphoma • Mantle Cell Lymphoma • Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma • Oncology • BCL2L1 • P4HA1

scRNA-seq and Proteomics Uncover Glycolytic Dysregulation Linking Skin and Systemic Inflammation in Dermatomyositis. (PubMed, Br J Dermatol) - "The scRNA-seq atlas of DM skin lesions delineates a pathogenic cascade centered on inflammatory fibroblast. We establish the IFN-I signaling pathway and a CXCL10-glycolysis axis as core mechanisms underlying DM inflammation. Therapeutic targeting of glycolytic pathways with 2DG significantly attenuated inflammation in vivo, suggesting potential therapeutic strategies for DM."

Journal • Dermatomyositis • Immunology • Inflammation • Myositis • CXCL10

The impact of a hypoxic environment on alveolar macrophage immunometabolism: implications for lung fibrosis (BTS WM 2025) - "AMs were treated with oligomycin, an inhibitor of ATP synthase and the electron transport chain, or 2-deoxyglucose, a non-metabolisable glucose analogue, and changes in metabolic activity were measured...Decreased efferocytosis in hypoxia may be attributed to dysregulated efferocytosis receptor expression or decreased metabolic activity. Further research is needed to dissect the mechanism behind this dysfunction and to model how it could influence the pathogenesis of IPF."

Fibrosis • Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis • Immunology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • CD36 • MERTK • SCARB1

Icariin-curcumol inhibits histone H3K18 lactylation and FOXM1 expression to enhance the sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to docetaxel. (PubMed, Cancer Cell Int) - "These findings identify H3K18la-mediated FOXM1 activation as a novel mechanism underlying DTX resistance in PCa. Ica-Cur may represent a promising therapeutic agent by targeting lactylation-dependent epigenetic regulation and FOXM1-driven transcriptional activity, supporting its clinical potential for overcoming chemoresistance."

Journal • Genito-urinary Cancer • Oncology • Prostate Cancer • Solid Tumor • FOXM1

Cannabidiol Interactions with Cell Membranes: Implications for Cellular Kinetics of Small Molecules (AES 2025) - "The membranal and lysosomal markers CellMask and LysoTracker, respectively, fluorescein, and the d-glucose analog 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) amino]-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-NBDG) served as model molecules. Transcellular transfer was evaluated in transwell systems (MDCK-MDR1 and BeWo clone b30 cell monolayers) with fluorescein and boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) prazosin, respectively... At therapeutic concentrations, CBD can alter membrane properties and affect small-molecule uptake across them. The magnitudes of change observed in our study may underestimate the effects of CBD in vivo, because it does not capture the slow sequestration of CBD in tissues. A better understanding of CBD's effects on membrane permeability can provide novel insights into its mechanisms of action."

Late-breaking abstract • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Neuroblastoma • Solid Tumor • ABCB1

Pre-clinical studies show anti-diabetic effect of INSPARIN, a protein derived from the E4orf1 gene of a human adenovirus. (PubMed, Nutr Diabetes) - "These findings support suitability of nano-liposome mediated subcutaneous delivery of INSPARIN in clinical trials for treating diabetes."

Journal • Preclinical • Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders

Whole body MondoA deletion protects against diet-induced obesity through uncontrolled multi-organ substrate utilization and futile cycling. (PubMed, bioRxiv) - "The gKO mice are hyperlactatemic and isolated MondoA-deficient adipocytes have increased 2-deoxyglucose uptake and glycolytic function...In the whole-body setting, this results in increased energy expenditure, potentially related to increased glucose uptake and glycolytic flux driving glycerol synthesis to supply high rates of lipolysis and lipid re-esterification. These results suggest that MondoA functions to maintain fuel storage and when lost, inter-organ futile cycling ensues."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Genetic Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity

Glycolysis inhibition functionally reprograms T follicular helper cells and reverses lupus. (PubMed, Cell Rep) - "This study investigated the mechanisms by which the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) reduces the expansion of TFH cells and the associated production of autoantibodies in lupus-prone mice...Importantly, adoptive transfer of 2DG-reprogrammed TFH cells protected lupus-prone mice from disease progression. The orthologs of genes responsive to 2DG in murine lupus TFH cells were overexpressed in the TFH cells of SLE patients, suggesting a therapeutic potential for targeting glycolysis to eliminate aberrant TFH cells and curb the production of autoantibodies that induce tissue damage."

IO biomarker • Journal • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Lupus • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus • TLR7

Mechanism of high glycine dosage promoting degradation and oxidation of sorbitol for browning. (PubMed, Food Res Int) - "The dehydration of sorbitol was observed, and the products were identified as 2-deoxy-d-glucose, 1,5-anhydrosorbitol, isosorbide, and others...The concentration of glyoxal and 3-deoxyglucosone in the system increased by 187 %. These results indicated that the presence of glycine improved the reactivity of sorbitol involved in the Maillard reaction and provided a theoretical basis for optimization of the processing and storage of foods containing alditols."

Journal

Glucose-functionalized gold nanoparticles for effective photothermal therapy in lung cancer. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "We synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with three distinct morphologies-spheres, rods, and stars-and functionalized them with polyethylene glycol (AuNPs-PEG) or polyethylene glycol conjugated with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (AuNPs-Gluc)...In vivo experiments further substantiated the therapeutic potential, as combined administration of AuNPs-Gluc and laser irradiation significantly suppressed tumor growth (p < 0.01). Collectively, these findings highlight the utility of glucose-functionalized AuNPs as effective vectors for targeted PTT in lung cancer, supporting their translational relevance for future clinical applications in advanced-stage disease."

Journal • Lung Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Atg16l1 promotes lung transplant tolerance by regulating glycolysis in macrophages. (PubMed, bioRxiv) - "Notably, the development of CLAD in Atg16l1 Δ/Δ lung recipients could be significantly prevented by additionally deleting Hif1α in myeloid cells or by treating with the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose. Our results show how a common autophagy-related genetic variant disrupts macrophage metabolism and impairs lung transplant tolerance, pointing toward potential therapeutic strategies to combat CLAD."

Journal • Respiratory Diseases • Transplant Rejection • Transplantation • ATG16L1 • HIF1A • IL1B

Epilepsy surgery: From bench to the clinics. (PubMed, Epilepsia Open) - "We performed epilepsy surgery in experimental models of epilepsy to investigate the effectiveness of surgeries using neurophysiological and metabolic changes before and after the surgery. The result provides valuable insights into experimental epilepsy surgery, particularly in understanding seizure propagation, surgical limitations, and the role of deep brain stimulation (DBS). While the findings highlight key challenges in epilepsy surgery, this integrated translational research is also opening doors for future personalized and multimodal interventions in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy

Mitochondrial and Glucose Metabolic Patterns in Pre-Granulosa Cells and Oocytes and Their Dysfunctions Induce Impaired Primordial Follicle Formation in Mice. (PubMed, J Cell Physiol) - "The dysfunctions of mitochondrial and glucose metabolic patterns using glycolysis inhibitor (2-Deoxy-Dglucose, 2-DG) or OXPHOS signaling inhibitor (metformin, MET) significantly inhibited PF formation, disordered oocyte development, downregulated key gene expression, impaired the recruitment and maintenance of PG cells, and altered cell proliferation and apoptosis. Collectively, these results demonstrate that cellular metabolic patterns are diverse and dynamically regulate in oocytes and PG cells during PF formation of mice, and glucose metabolism is essential for PF formation and its disruption inhibits PF formation."

Journal • Preclinical

Exploiting Metabolic Vulnerabilities in Cancer with a Dual-Transporter-Targeted 2-Deoxyglucose Analogue for Low-Dose, Potent Antitumor Activity. (PubMed, J Am Chem Soc) - "In vivo, low-dose subcutaneous 2DG-ODDA treatment significantly suppresses tumor growth, whereas equimolar 2DG is inactive. Together, these findings establish dual nutrient-pathway targeting as a strategy to confer anticancer activity to otherwise ineffective glycolytic inhibitors by exploiting metabolic vulnerabilities in cancer."

Journal • Breast Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • Triple Negative Breast Cancer

Monocyte-Driven Aberrant Inflammation in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Is Regulated By Galectin-1 (ASH 2024) - "Additionally, Gal-1 expression was induced by MPLW515L and JAK2V617F and inhibited by ruxolitinib, a JAK inhibitor, in Ba/F3 cells...Pharmacologic inhibition of Gal-1 by OTX008 suppressed the expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines in MPN monocytes and monocytic cell lines...Notably, targeting TLR4 via both neutralizing antibody and pharmacologic inhibition (TAK-242) abrogated the proinflammatory effects of Gal-1 on monocytes...We further evaluated therapeutic effects of targeting global glycosylation in MPN via 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a global glycosylation inhibitor, which decreased splenomegaly and reduced elevated platelets and hematocrit in JAK2V617F knock-in mice...We further demonstrate that Gal-1 fuels monocyte inflammation by interacting with TLR4 and activation of OXPHOS and PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathways. Our results uncover a novel therapeutic avenue for targeting aberrant Gal-1 and global glycosylation in MPNs."

Cardiovascular • Myeloproliferative Neoplasm • Oncology • Thrombosis • CD14 • CXCL8 • IL1B • IL6 • ITGAM • LGALS1 • TLR4

30-Channel Microcoil System for High-Throughput Metabolic Flux Analysis Using Hyperpolarized 13C NMR Spectroscopy. (PubMed, NMR Biomed) - "Using a single dissolution of HP [1-13C]pyruvate, we demonstrate the system's ability to detect significant changes in pyruvate-to-lactate conversion in acute myeloblastic leukemia ML-1 cells treated with 2-deoxy-d-glucose...Furthermore, the modular design of the microcoil array is adaptable for a variety of sample types, including tissues, organoids, and patient-derived models. This versatility positions the system as a promising tool for translational research in metabolic diseases, extending beyond oncology to conditions such as diabetes, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular disorders."

Journal • Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Diabetes • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Metabolic Disorders • Oncology

Characterization of the functional and structural connectivity of melanin-concentrating hormone neurons in the zona incerta and lateral hypothalamus. (Neuroscience 2025) - "In rats that received bilateral infusion of a pMCH AAV expressing the excitatory chemogenetic receptor selectively into ZI MCH neurons, the chemogenetic ligand deschloroclozapine or its vehicle was administered followed by radiolabeled 2-deoxy-D-glucose...This combination of approaches allows for systematic comparison of structural and functional targets of specified neuron populations, and reveals widespread targeting from ZI MCH neurons. Analogous anatomical and functional analyses of LHA MCH neuronal projections are currently ongoing."

CNS Disorders

Metabolic regulation of neurovascular dysfunction and motor impairment in aging mice (Neuroscience 2025) - "Furthermore, treatment with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a glycolysis inhibitor, improved motor function in aging mice. These findings suggest a link between metabolic dysregulation, neurovascular dysfunction, and motor decline in aging, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting metabolic pathways in age-related neurological disorders."

Preclinical • CNS Disorders

Memantine enhances brain glucose uptake in mice through a gamma-secretase-dependent mechanism (Neuroscience 2025) - "Subsequently, mice were administered the metabolic tracer 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG; 3 mg/kg, s.c.) and euthanized 1 hour after saline or memantine treatment. Quantitative analysis of 2-DG uptake in the prefrontal cortex revealed that memantine significantly enhanced glucose utilization compared to vehicle. This memantine-induced metabolic activation was attenuated by ~50% following DAPT pretreatment, suggesting that γ-secretase-dependent Aβ release serves as a physiological regulator of neuronal glucose metabolism."

Preclinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders

Role of TRPV4 channels in cellular volume and ion dysregulation in hippocampal astrocytes during energy deprivation (Neuroscience 2025) - "However, further research is required to clarify whether the calcium influx is a direct or indirect effect of astrocytic TRPV4 activation. Better understanding of its molecular mechanisms may reveal a novel therapeutic target to ameliorate ischemic brain injury."

CNS Disorders • Vascular Neurology

Japanese encephalitis virus promotes its replication in neuronal cells by enhancing glycolysis via hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. (PubMed, Virology) - "Furthermore, treatment with glycolytic inhibitors, such as 2-Deoxy-D-glucose and sodium oxamate, reduced virus replication...Cobalt chloride-induced stabilization of HIF-1α enhanced JEV replication, while its knockdown abrogated this effect in treated cells. Altogether, our results reveal that JEV modulates host glucose metabolism via HIF-1α to facilitate its replication and also highlight glycolytic inhibitors as potential antiviral against JEV."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • HIF1A

SN2 Glycosylation Enabled by a Directing-Group-on-Leaving-Group Strategy: Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Glycosyl Carboxylates. (PubMed, Org Lett) - "A range of sugar types, including glucose, galactose, mannose, alluronate, fucose, rhamnose, and 2-deoxyglucose, is tolerated, and the conversion of α-donors to β-products and vice versa is readily accommodated. DFT calculation suggests that both carboxylic acid oxygens can be the nucleophilic atom, but the HO oxygen attack is preferred over the typically more nucleophilic carbonyl oxygen under this directed glycosylation paradigm."

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