zidovudine / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Promising Safety and Efficacy Data for Peginterferon Alfa-2a (PEG-IFN) and Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (Biktarvy) in a North American Adult T-Cell Leukemia Lymphoma (NA-ATLL) Cohort of Patients (ASH 2024) - "Zidovudine (AZT) with Interferon-alpha has been the backbone of acute ATLL treatment for the past three decades...This backbone was combined with Venetoclax in one patient and mogamulizumab in another...We propose integrating Biktarvy and PEG-IFN as part of induction or maintenance strategies in ATLL, possibly in combination with other agents. A prospective clinical trial is being designed to evaluate the effect of PEG-IFN and Biktarvy in a larger standardized patient cohort."

Clinical • Adult T-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma • Fatigue • Febrile Neutropenia • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Leukemia • Lymphoma • Neutropenia • Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma • Oncology • Septic Shock • CD4 • IFNA1

Venetoclax Alone or in Combination Shows Promising Activity in Preclinical Models and Clinical Cases of Relapsed/Refractory North American Adult T-Cell Leukemia Lymphoma (ASH 2024) - "Venetoclax has shown activity in other T-cell malignancies, alone or in combination with hypomethylating agents (HMA), AZT (Zidovudine) with Interferon-alpha has been the backbone of acute ATLL treatment for the past three decades...Results : Preclinical : We observed that both the J-ATLL and NA-ATLL cells are sensitive to BCL-2 inhibitors (Venetoclax & Sonrotoclax) with IC50s in the 1-10uM range...To determine synergy between drugs we tested the combination of Decitabine (hypomethylating agent)-Venetoclax as well as between Biktarvy-Venetoclax...TP53 mutated patients had poorer responses. Given the encouraging preclinical and clinical activity of this agent, a prospective clinical trial is being developed using these agents."

IO biomarker • Preclinical • Adult T-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma • Endocrine Disorders • Fatigue • Hematological Malignancies • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Leukemia • Lymphoma • Metabolic Disorders • Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma • Oncology • Septic Shock • IFNA1

Clinical management of pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding in women living with HIV in Italy: A survey of participating infectious diseases centres. (PubMed, HIV Med) - "This survey highlights substantial heterogeneity in self-reported organizational models and reported practices among participating Italian infectious diseases centres caring for pregnant women living with HIV. Although direct clinical experience with supported breastfeeding remains limited, the findings support the development of harmonized, evidence-based guidance to promote equitable multidisciplinary care and informed shared decision-making and provide a framework for greater consistency in pregnancy and infant feeding management."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Obstetrics

Separation, Structural Elucidation, and Anticancer Activity of a Diastereoisomer of Betulonic Acid-Zidovudine Conjugates. (PubMed, ACS Omega) - "These findings highlight 1- R as a promising anticancer agent. Despite its initial isolation as a low-yield byproduct (3.2%), the comparable activity of 1- R to 1- S , coupled with the conformational plasticity of the C-2 linker, simplifies synthetic requirements and supports its further optimization."

Journal • Hepatocellular Cancer • Liver Cancer • Lung Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Congenital Infections as Risk Factor For Adverse Birth Outcomes Among HIV-Exposed Neonates in Uganda. (PubMed, J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc) - "This study found a high burden of congenital infections among women with HIV, and maternal CMV was associated with increased risk of PTD and/or LBW. Further evidence is needed on feasibility and clinical benefit of CMV screening for HEU infants in high-burden settings."

Adverse events • Journal • Cytomegalovirus Infection • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Redox-neutral synthesis of azepane-fused spiroindolenines via Sc(OTf)3-catalyzed cascade [1,5]-hydride transfer/cyclization. (PubMed, RSC Adv) - "The methodology is readily scalable to the gram scale and enables diverse downstream transformations, including late-stage coupling with zidovudine. Preliminary biological evaluation indicates that selected derivatives exhibit micromolar antiproliferative activity against ovarian cancer cells, warranting further investigation as potential anticancer agents."

Journal • Oncology • Ovarian Cancer • Solid Tumor

Longitudinal Clinical and Molecular Characterization of a Single Pediatric Case of Vertically Acquired HIV-1 Subtype C with Baseline Resistance to Protease Inhibitors. (PubMed, Microorganisms) - "Stanford HIVdb predicted high-level resistance to lopinavir/ritonavir, atazanavir/ritonavir, lamivudine, and emtricitabine; low-level resistance to darunavir/ritonavir and abacavir; and preserved susceptibility to tenofovir, zidovudine, and the evaluated NNRTIs...Following treatment optimization with an integrase inhibitor-based regimen and subsequent transition to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF), HIV-1 RNA became Target Not Detected (TND) from November 2024 onward. At the latest follow-up, the CD4 count was 877 cells/µL, the CD8 count was 722 cells/µL, and the CD4:CD8 ratio had improved to 1.21, indicating substantial immune recovery. This single-patient case highlights the clinical value of baseline genotypic resistance testing and individualized, genotype-guided antiretroviral therapy in achieving durable virological suppression in pediatric HIV."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Pediatrics • CD4 • CD8

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of fluconazole: interpretation of gender-dependent pharmacokinetics and cytochrome P450 inhibition. (PubMed, Front Pharmacol) - "Using the refined PBPK model, the inhibitory constants (Ki) for fluconazole against CYP2C9 and UGT2B7 were optimized. The final fluconazole model captured the precipitant DDIs with midazolam (CYP3A probe substrate), tolbutamide (CYP2C9 probe substrate), omeprazole (CYP2C19 probe substrate), and zidovudine (UGT2B7 probe substrate), indicating that the refined fluconazole PBPK model in the present study can accurately predict clinical DDIs across studies in different populations with diverse gender mixes."

Journal • PK/PD data • CYP2C19 • CYP2C9 • CYP3A4

Block the bitter: Microencapsulation of zidovudine as a taste masking technique for drug inclusion into an oral thin film. (PubMed, J Pharm Sci) - "Additionally, mortar-and-pestling ZDV prior to spray drying allowed for less variability and a more homogenous spread of eZDV throughout an OTF. These factors ultimately resulted in eZDV loaded OTFs that were able to successfully reduce the release of ZDV in SSF below its taste detection threshold."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Effectiveness of Zidovudine vs. Zidovudine Plus Alpha Interferon vs. Interferon for Treatment of HIV (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=180 | Completed | Sponsor: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) | Active, not recruiting ➔ Completed

Trial completion • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

National cross-sectional survey on acquired HIV drug resistance in Haiti in 2023: warnings resistance to dolutegravir (AIDS 2026) - "3.77% of HIVs were resistant to dolutegravir and bictegravir, 4.4% to cabotegravir, 4.72% to raltegravir, and 5.03% to elvitegravir. Additionally, 15.19% of the viral strains were resistant to abacavir, 13.92% to lamivudine and emtricitabine, 6.65% to zidovudine, 8.23% to stavudine and didanosine, and 4.13% to tenofovir...Furthermore, some HIVs strains developed resistance against efavirenz (49.37%), nevirapine (50%), Rilpivirine (20.25%), Etravirine (12.66%), and doravirine (3.61%). Finally, HIV genome resistance was 0.63% against atazanavir/ritonavir and indinavir/ritonavir, 0.95% against lopinavir/ritonavir and 0.32% against darunavir/ritonavir. HIV acquired pharmacoresistance is moderate in Haiti and requires innovating adapted strategy for preventing its development, its transmission, and for protecting PLHIV health, while emphasizing on children and male individuals."

Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Respiratory Diseases

HIV care continuity under ART shortages in Peru: provider perspectives from Lima and the Peruvian Amazon on health system constraints and ethical challenges (AIDS 2026) - "3) Ethics of care under scarcity : Providers reported ethically consequential “workarounds,” including unsafe regimen “downgrades” from high genetic-barrier regimens to older low-barrier regimens such as zidovudine (AZT), raising concerns about toxicity, resistance, and constrained future treatment options... This analysis advances infrastructural abandonment as a conceptual framework for understanding how structural and regionalized scarcity produces foreseeable clinical and ethical harm across Peru's HIV care continuum. Progress requires equitable ART procurement and distribution, investment in dignified clinic infrastructure, and sustained workforce development, particularly outside Lima."

Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Obstetrics

Persistent vertical transmission and rising syphilis in a Colombian cohort of pregnant women living with HIV despite ART optimization (AIDS 2026) - "In the modern cohort, TDF/FTC (76%) replaced Zidovudine-backbones. The modernization of ART—marked by the introduction of Dolutegravir alongside established Atazanavir use—successfully reduced reliance on cesarean sections and toxic regimens but failed to eliminate MTCT. The availability of potent integrase inhibitors did not translate into higher suppression rates, confirming that persistent transmission is driven by structural failures (late entry among adolescents) rather than pharmacological potency. The rising burden of syphilis highlights a deterioration in comprehensive prenatal care."

Clinical • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Obstetrics

Do newly optimized HIV drug regimens work better for young people living with HIV? Evidence from Uganda (AIDS 2026) - "Regimen transitions were classified into 11 groups, including Abacavir (ABC)/Zidovudine (AZT) to DTG, DTG to DTG, Efavirenz (EFV) or Nevirapine (NVP) to DTG, EFV or NVP to Protease Inhibitor(PI), EFV or NVP to PI/DTG, and PI to DTG, PI, or PI/DTG. ART optimization at MUgH enhanced viral suppression, particularly with dolutegravir-based regimens, while protease inhibitor transitions showed slower improvement. Persistent viremia and frequent respiratory events highlight the need for vigilant monitoring, adherence evaluation and support, and timely interventions to sustain long-term treatment success among children and adolescents living with HIV."

Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Social maternal risk factors associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with HIV in the multi-country IMPAACT PROMISE Trial (AIDS 2026) - " We conducted an exploratory analysis of factors associated with APOs (low birth weight, LBW), preterm delivery, congenital anomalies) using the Antepartum (AP) Component of the PROMISE 1077BF/1077FF Trials, which randomized pregnant women with HIV in 7 countries (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Uganda, India, Zambia, Tanzania) to receive either triple-antiretroviral therapy or zidovudine alone... We found HIV status disclosure, higher maternal education, and no history of alcohol use to be associated with lower risk of certain APOs among pregnant women with HIV. Disclosure could serve as a marker of psychosocial stress and/or social support, which could help identify subsets of women with HIV who might benefit from additional psychosocial support during pregnancy. Because congenital anomalies could be influenced by outcome ascertainment, these results should be interpreted with caution."

Adverse events • Clinical • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • CD4

Integrase inhibitor drug resistance among people with confirmed virologic failure on INSTI-based ART in Uruguay, 2024: an analysis using programmatic HIV drug resistance data (AIDS 2026) - "The objective of this analysis was to describe the number of DTG- or bictegravir (BIC)-associated resistance cases identified among PLWH with confirmed VF receiving DTG- or BIC-containing regimens in Uruguay’s national ART program for whom GRT was requested prior to regimen change...Of the eight sequences with DTG/BIC resistance, all had resistance to lamivudine/emtricitabine, two had resistance to tenofovir, and two to zidovudine (Table)... Among PLWH in Uruguay with confirmed VF while receiving DTG- or BIC-containing regimens and with a quality-assured GRT result available, we identified 8 cases with predicted DTG/BIC resistance, with preserved susceptibility to protease inhibitors. Although these findings arise from a selected subset (GRT requested and successful sequencing) and cannot be interpreted as population-level frequency, the detection of multiple resistance cases warrants attention as a programmatic signal of emerging integrase inhibitor resistance...."

Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Belgian guidance 2026 on management of pregnancy and breastfeeding in women living with HIV and their infants. (PubMed, Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol) - "The Belgian Guidance on management of pregnancy and breastfeeding in WLWH and their infant can be used as a reference for Belgian clinicians and is freely available online."

Journal • Review • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Fetoscopic Laser Surgery for Complicated Monochorionic Twin Pregnancies in Mothers Living with HIV: Case Series. (PubMed, Fetal Diagn Ther) - "Prophylactic intraoperative zidovudine was administered in one of the two cases with a viral load of 52 copies/mL...Conclusion Fetoscopic laser surgery for complicated monochorionic twin pregnancies in mothers living with HIV who are receiving effective antiretroviral therapy, with undetectable or low viral loads, appears to be safe. The theoretical risk of vertical transmission in this setting is likely negligible and does not seem to represent a contraindication to the procedure under optimal conditions."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Rare Diseases

Correlates of Dolutegravir Resistance in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Combined Analysis of Drug Resistance Surveys in Four Countries. (PubMed, Clin Infect Dis) - "These findings identify key clinical correlates of DTG resistance, including concurrent NRTI/NNRTI resistance and zidovudine-containing regimens, which may serve as proxies for prior viral non-suppression and help inform more targeted drug resistance testing and regimen optimization in settings where genotypic testing is not readily available."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Functional insights into nucleoside diphosphate kinases encoded by two ndk paralogs in Waddlia chondrophila. (PubMed, Curr Res Microb Sci) - "Azidothymidine (AZT), a known Ndk inhibitor, impaired W. chondrophila growth, potentially through inhibition of WcNdk2. However, the lack of genetic tools currently limits definitive functional conclusions. Our data suggests potential functions for Ndks in W. chondrophila, providing a foundation for future studies on Ndk-mediated interactions between this pathogen and its host, which might possibly be translated into a new therapeutic approach."

Journal

Quinobenzothiazine-AZT Hybrids Linked via 1,2,3-Triazole: Rational Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation as Anticancer Agents. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "In the present study, a series of phenothiazine derivatives, including hybrids containing a 1,2,3-triazole linker and the zidovudine (AZT) fragment, were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity against colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116 and HT-29 as well as non-cancerous BEAS-2B cells...Among the analyzed derivatives, compound A9 displayed the most favorable overall biological profile, combining strong proapoptotic and cytotoxic activity with relatively high selectivity toward cancer cells and moderate effects on non-cancerous cells. The results indicate that molecular hybridization of phenothiazine derivatives with the AZT scaffold represents a promising strategy for the development of novel anticancer agents targeting colorectal cancer."

Journal • Colorectal Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Intestinal Deglycosylation Activates Saikosaponins as Potent, Selective UGT2B7/2B15 Inhibitors: Structural Basis and Implications for Herb-Drug Interactions. (PubMed, Xenobiotica) - "Molecular docking revealed that deglycosylation removes steric hindrance from the sugar moiety, enabling the aglycone backbone to penetrate the catalytic pocket, where the most potent metabolite SGD anchored the conserved catalytic histidine of UGT2B7 (HIS481); inhibition of UGT2B15 instead arose from deep occupancy of the hydrophobic pocket.4. In vitro-in vivo extrapolation yielded an R-value of 1.36 for SGD-UGT2B7, exceeding the regulatory threshold (R ≥ 1.1), indicating a clinically significant risk when RB preparations are co-administered with narrow-therapeutic-index UGT2B7 substrates such as morphine or zidovudine."

Journal • UGT2B15

Acceptability of a Dolutegravir Oral Dispersible Film in Term Neonates Born to Mothers Living With HIV. (PubMed, J Int AIDS Soc) - "Mothers and health workers found the new DTG-Film acceptable for neonatal use. While initial hesitancy was noted, acceptability increased with use. Targeted peer support and engagement with mothers and health workers will be essential to familiarize end-users with the novel DTG-Film."

Clinical • Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Pediatrics

Optimizing Identification and Care of Pregnant/Breastfeeding Women Living With HIV in Resource-Limited Settings. (PubMed, J Int AIDS Soc) - "Much progress has been made in advancing HIV interventions and programmes for WLWH and pregnant and breastfeeding mothers. However, several challenges persist, which compromise delivery of effective interventions on the path to eliminate perinatal HIV transmission, and care/treatment remains suboptimal for WLWH, especially in resource-limited settings."

Journal • Review • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Long-acting injectable cabotegravir/rilpivirine in a pregnant woman living with HIV with hyperemesis gravidarum:a case report and review of literature. (PubMed, Int J STD AIDS) - "She presented at gestational week (GW) 20 with an ongoing oral regimen of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF), initiated weeks earlier. At GW 36, an elective caesarean section was performed with intravenous zidovudine prophylaxis and neonatal zidovudine syrup, resulting in the delivery of a neonate who has tested HIV-negative on all assessments to date. No adverse maternal or neonatal outcomes were observed.DiscussionThis case highlights HEG as an underrecognised cause of antiretroviral treatment failure mediated by impaired absorption rather than virological resistance, and supports CAB/RPV LA as a viable rescue strategy in this setting.ConclusionIt also underscores the urgent need for prospective pharmacokinetic and safety data in pregnancy."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Rare Diseases