zidovudine / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Rare cancer, rare survivors: A 20-year single-center review of adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia treatment outcomes (ASH 2025) - "Among acute ATLL pts (n=25), initial therapy included CHOP or CHOEP (40%), hyperCVAD (28%), and Zidovudine + interferon a (AZT+IFN) (20%)...Among lymphomatous subtypes pts (n=24), the majority received CHOP-based regimens initially (79%), followed by salvage with ICE, pralatrexate, or romidepsin...A small number of long-term survivors were observed in acute ATLL with limited tumor burden in the lymph node involvement, associated with early use of AZT+IFN, followed by mogamulizumab, or AlloHCT...Unfortunately, we currently lack highly effective frontline treatment options, which makes consolidative strategies such as transplantation difficult to execute. These findings underscore the urgent need for earlier recognition, subtype-adapted therapy, and suggest the incorporation of antiviral and immune-based strategies to improve ATLL outcomes."

Clinical • Review • Adult T-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma • Bone Marrow Transplantation • Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma • Endocrine Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Infectious Disease • Leukemia • Lymphoma • Metabolic Disorders • Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma • Oncology • T Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

A Phase 2 trial of AI-BEL (AZT/Interferon-α plus Belinostat) for HTLV-1 related adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma: Final safety and efficacy Results (ASH 2025) - "Our pre-clinical work using patient derived ATL modelsdemonstrated that belinostat (BEL), a pan-HDAC inhibitor, reactivates HTLV-1 (Tax protein) expressionin ATL cells in a dose-dependent manner, an effect that was augmented by azidothymidine (AZT, orzidovudine). AI-BEL showed good efficacy in patients with aggressive ATL resulting in CMR in blood compartment,which occured after treatment discontinuation in multiple subjects. The overall results comparefavorably to those observed in historical trials for ATL that included previously treated or relapsedpatients. Judicious use of HDAC inhibitors in combination with AZT/interferon-α based treatment canprovoke sustained immunologic effects resulting in deep molecular responses."

Clinical • P2 data • Adult T-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma • Agranulocytosis • Febrile Neutropenia • Granulocytopenia • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Lymphoma • Neutropenia • Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma • Thrombocytopenia • CD8

Cardiotoxicity in Contemporary Treatments: New Issues, Mechanisms, and Preventive Techniques. (PubMed, Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi) - "A thorough understanding of drug-receptor interactions and cardiotoxic pathways is essential to reduce the incidence of drug-induced cardiac injury. Implementing multidisciplinary approaches can help minimize cardiovascular risks without compromising therapeutic efficacy. Continued research on cardioprotective interventions and early diagnostic strategies will enhance patient safety and ensure the long-term success of modern pharmacotherapy."

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure

Maternal and health worker preferences for paediatric antiretroviral formulations in neonates exposed to HIV. (PubMed, AIDS Care) - P1/2 | "Oral liquid formulations of zidovudine (ZDV) and nevirapine (NVP) are the main antiretrovirals (ARVs) for neonates born to mothers living with HIV, but they have limitations including poor palatability, short shelf-life, frequent dosing and supply challenges...Within the PETITE-DTG trial in South Africa (NCT05590325), evaluating the pharmacokinetics, safety and acceptability of novel dolutegravir (DTG) formulations in neonates, we explored ARV preferences among mothers (n = 28) and health workers (n = 6)...Transdermal patches were least favoured, with concerns regarding the comfort of neonates, impact of water exposure and effectiveness. These findings underscore strong support for innovative ARV options, emphasizing usability, ease of administration and reduced dosing frequency for the treatment of neonates."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Pediatrics

Synthesis and Glycosidase Inhibition Studies of Novel Exoglycals Targeting GH3 Family Enzymes: Insights from Comparative Analysis with Macrolide Antibiotics. (PubMed, Chemistry) - "Selected alkyne-containing exoglycals were further functionalized through cycloaddition with azidothymidine...To contextualize the inhibitory potential of exoglycals, we evaluated three clinically relevant macrolide antibiotics-erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin...Our results demonstrate exoglycals as tunable scaffolds for glycosidase inhibition of GH3 glycosidases and provide mechanistic distinctions between carbohydrate mimics and macrolide antibiotics. These insights could guide the development of next-generation glycosidase inhibitors with improved specificity."

Journal

Transferability and Reproducibility of the HepaRG CometChip Assay. (PubMed, Environ Mol Mutagen) - "For 8 of 11 compounds, all four labs generated unanimous test results, with four negative compounds (2-acetylaminofluorene [2-AAF], 2,4-dichlorophenol, eugenol and hydroquinone) and four positive compounds (azidothymidine, benzo(a)pyrene [BP], cyclophosphamide [CP], ethyl methanesulfonate).For the remaining chemicals, three of four labs generated negative calls for amitrole, cadmium chloride, and DMBA. Taken together, for all compounds there was majority agreement in CometChip results across participating laboratories supporting that the endpoint is readily transferable to new labs. Overall, this platform is a promising human-relevant NAM, with a physiologically relevant detoxification process that could be incorporated into rodent replacement strategies."

Journal

A preliminary survey on the use of ART among blood donors in Shenzhen China and its implications to blood safety. (PubMed, BMC Infect Dis) - "ART drugs were detected in 4(4/100) anti-HIV reactive plasma samples screened from 440 000 donations in Shenzhen, which indicated some HIV-infected people who take ART drugs donate blood without disclosing their health and medical histories and this may endanger blood safety because ART may compromise current screening strategies by suppressing HIV RNA replication below the detectable level."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Two Decades of Change: Evolving Maternal Characteristics and Perinatal Outcomes in Pregnant Women Living with HIV. (PubMed, Viruses) - "Obstetric management evolved, with a rise in vaginal deliveries (24.8% to 44.3%, p < 0.001) and a decline in intrapartum zidovudine (93.7% to 54.7%, p < 0.001)...In conclusion, although maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant WLHIV have improved over the past two decades, a high rate of adverse perinatal outcomes related to placental dysfunction (SGA, preeclampsia) persist. Our findings highlight the need for optimized prenatal care and further research to develop targeted interventions for WLHIV."

Journal • Retrospective data • Gynecology • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Obstetrics • Small for Gestational Age

Venetoclax Alone or in Combination Shows Promising Activity in Preclinical Models and Clinical Cases of Relapsed/Refractory North American Adult T-Cell Leukemia Lymphoma (ASH 2024) - "Venetoclax has shown activity in other T-cell malignancies, alone or in combination with hypomethylating agents (HMA), AZT (Zidovudine) with Interferon-alpha has been the backbone of acute ATLL treatment for the past three decades...Results : Preclinical : We observed that both the J-ATLL and NA-ATLL cells are sensitive to BCL-2 inhibitors (Venetoclax & Sonrotoclax) with IC50s in the 1-10uM range...To determine synergy between drugs we tested the combination of Decitabine (hypomethylating agent)-Venetoclax as well as between Biktarvy-Venetoclax...TP53 mutated patients had poorer responses. Given the encouraging preclinical and clinical activity of this agent, a prospective clinical trial is being developed using these agents."

IO biomarker • Preclinical • Adult T-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma • Endocrine Disorders • Fatigue • Hematological Malignancies • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Leukemia • Lymphoma • Metabolic Disorders • Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma • Oncology • Septic Shock • IFNA1

Promising Safety and Efficacy Data for Peginterferon Alfa-2a (PEG-IFN) and Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (Biktarvy) in a North American Adult T-Cell Leukemia Lymphoma (NA-ATLL) Cohort of Patients (ASH 2024) - "Zidovudine (AZT) with Interferon-alpha has been the backbone of acute ATLL treatment for the past three decades...This backbone was combined with Venetoclax in one patient and mogamulizumab in another...We propose integrating Biktarvy and PEG-IFN as part of induction or maintenance strategies in ATLL, possibly in combination with other agents. A prospective clinical trial is being designed to evaluate the effect of PEG-IFN and Biktarvy in a larger standardized patient cohort."

Clinical • Adult T-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma • Fatigue • Febrile Neutropenia • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Leukemia • Lymphoma • Neutropenia • Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma • Oncology • Septic Shock • CD4 • IFNA1

Targeting EBV Encoded Viral Kinases with GCV, AZT, Rituximab and Dexamethasone (GARD) Results in Durable Responses in Patients with CNS Lymphoproliferative Disease (ASH 2023) - "We have previously reported use of ganciclovir (GCV), zidovudine (AZT), rituximab and dexamethasone (GARD) regimen induced complete and durable responses in a cohort of 13 patients with primary CNS post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PCNS-PTLD)...Treatment consisted of two-week induction of twice daily IV GCV/AZT (5mg/kg and 1,500 mg) IV dexamethasone (10-40mg), and weekly rituximab (375mg/m2). After induction, dexamethasone was tapered, and GCV/AZT was switched to maintenance oral dosing of 450mg valganciclovir twice daily and 300mg of AZT twice daily... We have shown that GARD regimen shows efficacy in the treatment of EBV+ CNS-LPD, with 62.5% two-year OS and 52.8% five-year OS. Our results provide the molecular basis for expression of lytic viral kinases BXLF1 and BGLF4 in CNS-LPD by showing that both genes exhibit decreased promotor methylation. This expression of viral kinases in CNS-LPD supports the mechanistic rationale of this antiviral approach and..."

Clinical • B Cell Lymphoma • CNS Disorders • Diabetes • Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma • Epstein-Barr Virus Infections • Hematological Malignancies • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Lymphoma • Metabolic Disorders • Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma • Oncology • Solid Organ Transplantation • Transplantation • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Silver Nanoclay Human Albumin Serum Composite Electrochemical Biosensor for Quantification of Zidovudine in Tablets. (PubMed, Pharm Res) - "The development of the GCE/AgNCs/HSA biosensor was successful and efficiently used to quantify ZDV in tablets."

Journal

Safety and Efficacy of AZT-Interferon-α with Belinostat (AI-BEL) for HTLV-1 Related Adult T-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma (ASH 2024) - P2 | "The anti-ATL effects of BEL is augmented by AZT (zidovudine). AI-BEL is relatively safe to administer; however, hematologic adverse events are expected, which may warrant dose and treatment schedule modifications. Our clinical data support testing such approach in larger studies including as upfront therapy for ATL."

Clinical • IO biomarker • Adult T-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Lymphoma • Neutropenia • Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma • Oncology • Thrombocytopenia • CD8 • PD-1 • TIGIT

Drug-Induced Vanishing Bile Duct Syndrome: A Disproportionality Analysis Using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) Database (ACG 2025) - "A total of 899 cases of VBDS were reported to the FAERS from 2003-2024. 893 were characterized as severe, including 166 deaths (18.6%). The most common reported drugs were – Ibuprofen (11.12%; ROR: 32.35 [26.28, 39.83]; p< 0.05), Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim (9.12%; ROR: 63.23 [50.38, 79.37]; p< 0.05), Ciprofloxacin (7.00%; ROR: 37.87 [29.31, 48.92]; p< 0.05), Lamivudine with and without Zidovudine (6.1%; ROR: 59.38 [45.2, 78.02]; p< 0.05), Azithromycin (5.5%; ROR: 59.21 [44.51, 78.78]; p< 0.05), Temozolomide (5.12%; ROR: 66.57 [49.47, 89.59]; p< 0.05), Nevirapine (4.89%; ROR: 117.62 [86.83, 159.33]; p< 0.05), Levofloxacin (4.67%; ROR: 25.06 [18.39, 34.17]; p< 0.05), Acetaminophen (4.67%; ROR: 9.14 [6.7, 12.46]; p< 0.05), Levetiracetam (4.67%; ROR: 19.02 [13.95, 25.93]; p< 0.05), Lamotrigine (4.00%; ROR: 15.64 [11.2, 21.82]; p< 0.05), and Prednisone (3.78%; ROR: 6.72 [4.77, 9.47]; p< 0.05). Ibuprofen was the most reported drug as a..."

Adverse events • Cholestasis • Hepatology

Virotherapy and Natural History Study of KHSV-Associated Multricentric Castleman s Disease With Correlates of Disease Activity (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=75 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Oct 2025 ➔ Oct 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Oct 2025 ➔ Oct 2026

Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Oncology • Rare Diseases

Resensitizing the Untreatable: Zidovudine and Polymyxin Combinations to Combat Pan-Drug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. (PubMed, Pharmaceuticals (Basel)) - "Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) followed by static time-kills were performed to investigate the synergistic interplay between zidovudine and last-line antibiotics (ceftazidime/avibactam, polymyxin B). The observed synergy in MIC reduction, rapid killing in time-kill assays, and near-complete eradication in the HFIM underscore the therapeutic potential of this triple combination. Future studies will focus on broadening the application of these novel combinations to other 'superbugs', such as highly resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia

Low Levels of Clinically Significant Drug Resistance Mutations to Dolutegravir amongst Children Living with HIV Failing on First-line Antiretroviral Therapy in Uganda. (PubMed, J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr) - "Low rates of DTG resistance among Ugandan CLHIV failing first-line DTG-based ART regimens underscores the durability of DTG. Lack of difference in ABC resistance across all regimens supports maintaining an ABC backbone for CLHIV <30kg when transitioning to a DTG-based regimen despite virologic failure."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Pediatrics

Outcomes of HIV-Exposed Uninfected Children Born to HIV-Positive Mothers at Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital: The ENIVIH Study (EACS 2025) - "Among children with events, in utero ARV exposures included zidovudine (4.1%), emtricitabine (46.2%), darunavir (35.9%), and abacavir (4.8%). These frequencies appear higher than those typically reported in the general pediatric population. The findings highlight the importance of long-term follow-up and integrated medical and social for HEU children."

Clinical • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

cART use in pregnancy: a real-life experience in Italy (EACS 2025) - "All infants received prophylactic zidovudine...The use of dual therapy has decreased in the last two-year period. Further data are needed to define the management of HIV infection during pregnancy."

Clinical • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • CD4

Prevalence and risk factors of liver fibrosis in metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) among people living with HIV(PLWH) in Shanghai (EACS 2025) - "Cofactors associated with MAFLD among lean individuals，mainly included age, liver function(ALT), metabolic conditions(MetS components, BMI) as well as HIV-related factors(past exposure to zidovudine)...Notably, the occurrence of significant fibrosis among PLWH is driven by multifactorial pathogenesis. Additionally, proper weight management for lean PLWH may also be helpful to reduce the risk of fatty liver occurrence."

Clinical • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Pubertal onset in children with in utero HIV/antiretroviral exposure in Botswana. (PubMed, AIDS) - "In this small Botswana cohort, we observed no consistent differences in pubertal onset by in utero HIV exposure status or by in utero ARV exposure. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

EVALUATION OF THE QUALITY OF THE FIXED-DOSE TRIPLE COMBINATION DISPERSIBLE TABLET FOR HIV-POSITIVE PAEDIATRIC POPULATION AFTER THE CONTINUOUS DIRECT COMPRESSION AND BATCH MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUES. (PubMed, Eur J Pharm Sci) - "FDC dispersible tablets were successfully manufactured with CDC and batch methods. Moreover, the product integrity results were similar for both the production technologies. However, the formulation and pre-blends require further optimization particularly for poorly flowable active pharmaceutical ingredients."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Pediatrics

Dolutegravir-associated hyperglycemia: a narrative review. (PubMed, AIDS Res Ther) - "Potential mechanisms include mitochondrial dysfunction from previous exposure to NRTIs like stavudine and zidovudine, which causes mitochondrial toxicity and predisposes patients to hyperglycemia upon switching to dolutegravir; magnesium chelation, which is borrowed from dolutegravir's mode of action (dolutegravir inhibits the action of integrase by chelation of magnesium required as a cofactor by the HIV enzyme); and chronic inflammation, with elevated pro-inflammatory markers like IL-6, CRP, and TNF-α contributing to insulin resistance. The narrative review highlights variability in hyperglycemia among patients, influenced by genetics, lifestyle, and prior antiretroviral therapy. The exact nature of dolutegravir-associated hyperglycemia, whether due to insulin resistance or reduced insulin release, remains unclear, although insulin resistance is significant."

Journal • Review • Diabetes • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus • IL6 • TNFA

Study of 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Between 4-Acyl-1H-pyrrole-2,3-diones Fused at the [e]-Side with a Heterocyclic Moiety and Diphenylnitrone: A Comprehensive MEDT, Docking Approach and MD Simulation. (PubMed, Molecules) - "Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis up to 100 ns demonstrated the stability of both the 2P3B-Ligand1 and 2P3B-Zidovudine complexes. An enhancer of shape compression was generated for ligand1, whereas Zidovudine generated a more packed and stable hydrogen bond network that would allow a better occupancy of the active site."

Journal

Uptake and 24-month Outcomes of Dolutegravir- Versus Lopinavir-based Second-line Antiretroviral Therapy for People With HIV in South Africa: A Retrospective Cohort Study and Emulated Target Trial. (PubMed, Open Forum Infect Dis) - "Aligning with the World Health Organization, South Africa has replaced ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV/r) with dolutegravir (DTG) in second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) after treatment failure with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/lamivudine or emtricitabine (XTC)/efavirenz (EFV)...Of 2321 people switched before July 2021, 915 (39%) switched to AZT/XTC/LPV/r, 415 (18%) to zidovudine (AZT)/XTC/DTG, and 991 (43%) to TDF/XTC/DTG...Per-protocol analyses gave similar results. While retention was similar across regimens, viremia was less common on DTG-based ART, supporting current guidelines."

Journal • Retrospective data • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease