Targretin oral (bexarotene oral) / ReXceptor - LARVOL DELTA

Condensed total skin electron beam therapy prior to allogeneic stem cell transplantation in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma/sezary syndrome (ASH 2025) - "Seven patients (41%) received concurrent systemic therapy with ECP/interferon (2), brentuximabvedotin (BV)/bexarotene (2), or BV (2)...Most patients (15, 88%) receivedfludarabine/melphalan with or without 2 Gy total body irradiation as conditioning for SCT...Our institutional experience suggests that a condensed TSEBT regimen of 28 Gy over ~5 weeks is feasibleand generally well-tolerated as a bridging strategy to SCT in patients with CTCL/SS. This approach mayfacilitate more timely transplantation while maintaining effective skin disease control. Prospective studiesare warranted to validate these findings and further optimize pre-transplant conditioning strategies inthis high-risk population."

Clinical • Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma • Dermatology • Graft versus Host Disease • Hematological Malignancies • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Lymphoma • Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma • Oncology • Sezary Syndrome • T Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma • Transplantation

Real-world monotherapy and combination usage of mogamulizumab among patients with mycosis fungoides or Sézary syndrome in the United States (ASH 2025) - "The most common systemic CT options were bexarotene(8 pts [27.6%]), extracorporeal photopheresis ([ECP] 7 pts [24.1%]), and methotrexate (5 pts [17.2%]) withsome differences between MF and SS.Of 99 pts with results in the response assessment period, physician-reported response was documentedin 47/70 pts (67.1%) on MT and 21/29 pts (72.4%) on CT. Response rate,TTNT, and PFS were numerically higher with CT. Study limitations include potential for incomplete orincorrect documentation in medical records and lack of standardized response assessment criteria; however, this analysis demonstrates safety and a potential benefit of mogamulizumab in CT for pts withMF/SS."

Clinical • Monotherapy • Real-world • Real-world evidence • Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma • Dermatology • Infectious Disease • Mycosis Fungoides • Oncology • Pneumonia • Pruritus • Respiratory Diseases • Septic Shock • Sezary Syndrome

Clinical features and outcomes of patients with non-erythrodermic mycosis fungoides with high blood tumor burden (ASH 2025) - "Interrogation of 9 neSS patient samples forcancer-associated mutations showed known disease-associated variants in TP53 (n=3), PTEN (n=1),DNMT3A (n=1) and EGR2 (n=1).The median number of systemic treatments for neSS patients was similar to cSS patients (3.5 vs 3).Among the neSS patient cohort, systemic treatments included extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP)(n=16),bexarotene (n=11), interferon (IFN)(n=8), mogamulizumab (n=8), romidepsin (n=4), brentuximab vedotin(BV)(n=3), pembrolizumab (n=3), chemotherapy (n=1), methotrexate (n=1) and clinical trial (n=1). Non-erythrodermic patients with B2 disease (T0-2/B2, neSS) had a significantly betterprognosis compared to classic SS patients with erythroderma (T4/B2, cSS). neSS patients receivedmultiple systemic treatments; however, 4 patients with minimal skin disease were managed withsurveillance or skin-directed therapy alone. Only 3 neSS patients (9.6%) later developed erythroderma.Although neSS patients were more often women..."

Clinical • IO biomarker • Adult T-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma • Bone Marrow Transplantation • Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma • Dermatology • Dermatopathology • Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma • Hematological Malignancies • Lymphoma • Mycosis Fungoides • Oncology • Pruritus • Sezary Syndrome • Solid Tumor • T Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma • CD4 • CD7 • CD8 • DNMT3A • DPP4 • PTEN • TP53

Outcomes in octo- and nonagenarians treated with mogamulizumab-based regimens for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (ASH 2025) - "Combinationtherapy was used based on institutional practice in 13 pts (68%) including interferon alpha (6/13,46%),bexarotene (6/13,46%), interferon gamma (7/13,54%) and extracorporeal photopheresis (8/13, 62%)...Cytopenias were observed in 15 pts (79%) with 7/15 ( 46%) having grade 3 or 4 cytopenias.Biopsy confirmed moga-associated rash (MAR) was observed in 9 pts (47%) all of which resolved withtopical corticosteroids (7/9, 78%) and/or oral methotrexate (2/9, 22%)... Nineteen pts were identified (13 SS [68%], 6 MF [32%]); median age was 82 (range:80–94). Ten(53%) were male and 16 (84%) were White. Thirteen (68%) had ECOG 0-1 and 15 (79%) had advancedstage disease."

CNS Disorders • Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma • Dermatology • Endocrine Disorders • Lymphoma • Mycosis Fungoides • Sezary Syndrome • T Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma • CCR4 • IFNG

P159 Use of Besremi® (pegylated interferon-alfa-2b) in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. (PubMed, Br J Dermatol) - "Four patients moved from Pegasys directly to other therapies due to disease progression or lack of control (two brentuximab, one bexarotene and one total skin electron beam)...However, we highlight that palpitations are reported as a common side-effect of Besremi in the product literature. We report ongoing results from the use of Besremi in MF/SS, discussing dosing, efficacy, safety and monitoring."

Journal • Cough • Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma • Dermatology • Hematological Malignancies • Lymphoma • Mycosis Fungoides • Myeloproliferative Neoplasm • Oncology • Respiratory Diseases • Sezary Syndrome • T Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

The RXR agonist IRX4204 promotes cytotoxicity of Her2+ breast cancer cells by Her2-targeted CAR-T cells (SABCS 2025) - "IRX4204 is far more RXR selective than bexarotene, being devoid of RAR, LXR, PPAR gamma nuclear receptor agonism. With our collaborators we have previously reported that: (1) IRX4204 has synergistic cytotoxic effects with Her2-targeted antibodies, Her2-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and paclitaxel on Her2+ breast cancer cell lines; (2) IRX4204 promotes apoptosis of Her2+ breast cancer cells; (3) IRX4204 promotes in vivo CD8 T-cell infiltration into murine Brca1 mutant breast cancer tumors... Combination of the RXR agonist IRX4204 with Her2-targeted CAR-T cells showed a dose dependent increase in CAR-T infiltration and death of spheroids of Her2+ SKBR3 breast cancer cells in vitro. These promising results support further development of Her2-targeted CAR-T cells, and combination of such cells with the RXR agonist IRX4204 as a therapeutic option for patients with advanced Her2+ breast cancer."

CAR T-Cell Therapy • IO biomarker • Breast Cancer • HER2 Breast Cancer • HER2 Positive Breast Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • BRCA1 • CD8 • HER-2 • ICAM1 • PPARG

Toxicity of tetrachlorobisphenol A interfering with craniofacial cartilage development by inhibiting RXR activity in zebrafish. (PubMed, Aquat Toxicol) - "The antagonism of TCBPA on RXRba was also validated in a rescue experiment using Bexarotene, a high affinity agonist of RXRs. In conclusion, TCBPA inhibits the expression of genes crucial to cartilage development by antagonizing RXRba activity. It also induces abnormal apoptosis of chondrocytes through other signaling pathways mediated by RXRs, resulting in craniofacial cartilage toxicity in zebrafish."

Journal • PPARG • RXRB

Bexmet trial for metastatix tnbc patients (SABCS 2025) - "Here, we designed a Phase I trial, BEXMET, to investigate whether bexarotene, a retinoid X receptor agonist, can induce epithelial cell state changes and increase sensitivity to capecitabine in patients with metastatic TNBC. In conclusion, this study provides early clinical evidence that pharmacologic induction of cell state changes can enhance the efficacy of existing chemotherapies in metastatic TNBC. Targeting cell plasticity may offer a cost-effective and accessible therapeutic strategy for this aggressive breast cancer subtype."

Clinical • Breast Cancer • Triple Negative Breast Cancer

Functional and clinical validation of tsRNA-defined molecular subtypes guides precision therapy in gastric cancer. (PubMed, Front Immunol) - "A random survival forest (RSF)-based prognostic signature (GCtsRNAscore) effectively stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups, with high-risk patients showing increased sensitivity to targeted therapies (axitinib, bexarotene, dasatinib) and low-risk patients benefiting more from immunotherapy. The tsRNA-defined subtypes and GCtsRNAscore model provide a novel framework for personalized treatment strategies. The functional characterization of tsRNA-Asp-3-0024 highlights its potential as both a therapeutic target and a prognostic indicator, paving the way for tsRNA-based precision medicine in GC."

Biomarker • IO biomarker • Journal • Gastric Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

A novel disulfidptosis-related lncRNA signature to predict prognosis and immune response of cervical cancer. (PubMed, Medicine (Baltimore)) - "The low-risk group exhibited improved survival outcomes and increased sensitivity to immunotherapy, whereas the high-risk group showed heightened sensitivity to to bexarotene, bicalutamide, embelin, FH535, and pazopanib. Quantitative PCR results indicated that ILF3-DT and PPP1R14B-AS1 were downregulated in CC tissues, whereas RUSC1-AS1 was upregulated. In conclusion, we developed a novel prognostic risk signature based on 9 disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs, which may serve as an independent predictor of immunotherapy response and chemotherapy sensitivity in CC."

Biomarker • IO biomarker • Journal • Cervical Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • PPP1R14B • RUSC1-AS1

GSTK1 suppresses HCC aggravation via L-carnitine metabolism by PGAM5/DRP1 complex-mediated mitochondrial quality control. (PubMed, J Exp Clin Cancer Res) - "GSTK1 was shown to be a tumor suppressor via its role in MQC and L-carnitine metabolism. Bexarotene and L-carnitine supplementation may serve as potential therapeutic strategies for HCC treatment."

Journal • Hepatocellular Cancer • Hepatology • Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease • Oncology • Solid Tumor • PPARA

Complete Remission of Recurrent Primary Cutaneous Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Following Bexarotene Therapy: A Case Report. (PubMed, Cureus) - "This case highlights bexarotene as a promising therapeutic option for refractory pcALCL. Our experience reinforces the potential of bexarotene as a viable treatment for pcALCL, particularly in recurrent or refractory cases where conventional therapies are contraindicated or ineffective."

Journal • Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma • Hematological Malignancies • Lymphoma • Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma • Oncology • T Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma • TNFRSF8

Evaluating the Annual Cost of Progression in CD30+ Cutaneous T-cell Lymphomas Following 2L+ Systemic Treatment in Italy (ISPOR-EU 2025) - "OBJECTIVES: This study estimates the annual cost associated with disease progression of CD30+ cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) following second-line and onward (2L+) treatment with either brentuximab vedotin or methotrexate/bexarotene in Italy, including direct healthcare costs and indirect costs. First, a literature review was conducted to identify the patient pathway following CD30+ CTCL progression and the main cost items for each cost category included in the study. This study highlights the high economic burden associated to disease progression of CD30+ CTCL. Furthermore, it shows that the use of brentuximab vedotin as a 2L+ treatment may lead to cost savings in this area."

Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma • Hematological Malignancies • Lymphoma • T Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma • TNFRSF8

Chronic Ulcerative Complications in the Management of Advanced Mycosis Fungoides with Large Cell Transformation (ISDS 2025) - "Though initially treated with localized radiation, methotrexate, bexarotene, and narrowband UVB phototherapy, funding limitations disrupted therapy continuity...Management included total skin electron beam therapy, reintroduction of oral bexarotene (750 mg daily), and topical Triamcinolone, later switched to tazarotene cream...At follow-up, the patient reported significant improvement in skin lesions leg ulcers with partial disease response and no lymphadenopathy or hepatosplenomegaly despite persistent ulceration. This case highlights the challenges of advanced mycosis fungoides with large cell transformation and ulcerations, where the relapsing course of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma necessitates multidisciplinary care, and the leading infectious complication is Staphylococcus aureus-driven cellulitis and bacteremia due to skin barrier disruption."

Metastases • Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma • Dermatology • Hematological Malignancies • Infectious Disease • Lymphoma • Mycosis Fungoides • Oncology • T Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma • Ulcerative Colitis

Case series of mycosis fungoides with marked clinical resemblance to seborrheic dermatitis (ISDS 2025) - "Six months later, the lesion had progressed into a dry, cracked plaque with thick scale that was refractory to topical hydrocortisone, clobetasol, and ketoconazole...Seven months later, the lesion proved refractory to tacrolimus, topical hydrocortisone, and bexarotene (75 mg) that had been prescribed for another MF lesion...Taken together, these three cases highlight key clinical features that help distinguish SD-like MF from SD: unilateral presentation, asymmetry, poor response to standard SD therapies, and history of MF; histopathology may be diagnostic, as in cases 1 and 2, or equivocal, as in case 3. For patients with MF and new lesions or rashes, we thus recommend a combination of total body skin exams, repeat biopsies, and molecular analysis for clonality."

Clinical • Atopic Dermatitis • Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Mycosis Fungoides • Oncology • Psoriasis • Seborrheic Dermatitis

Activation of RXRα mitigates maternal separation-induced hippocampal neurodevelopmental impairment in mice by inhibiting oxidative stress and restoring mitochondrial homeostasis. (PubMed, Free Radic Biol Med) - "Further analysis revealed that bexarotene (an RXR agonist) exerted neuroprotective effects by upregulating the expression levels of RXRα and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ)...Activation of RXRα can effectively alleviate oxidative stress and neuronal damage in the hippocampus by improving mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, targeting RXRα holds promise as a potential strategy for treating the consequences of early-life trauma."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Mental Retardation • Metabolic Disorders • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry • PPARG

First-in-Human Phase 1a Clinical Trial of the Investigational New Drug ST-001, a Novel Nano-Phospholipid Dispersion Formulation of Fenretinide, in Relapsed/Refractory T-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (ASH 2024) - P1 | "In a recently reported trial of intravenous fenretinide in hematologic malignancies, responses were reported in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) (Mohrbacher et al, PMID 28420721), including a sustained complete response in a Sézary Syndrome (SS) patient who did not benefit from bexarotene (Crandon and Yancey, PMID 19349262), thereby confirming lack of retinoid cross-resistance. The clinical development objectives of this first-in-human Trial in Progress are (i) confirm that ST-001 achieves previously reported clinically active blood levels of fenretinide without any formulation liabilities, (ii) determine the pharmacological behavior of intravenous fenretinide delivered by this novel approach for delivery of poorly soluble drugs, (iii) and determine the safety profile, toxicity, DLT, and recommended treatment dose to evaluate disease activity and response rates in the follow-on Phase 1b trial in CTCL, AITL, and any..."

Clinical • First-in-human • P1 data • Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma • Dyslipidemia • Hematological Malignancies • Hypertriglyceridemia • Infectious Disease • Lymphoma • Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma • Oncology • Ophthalmology • Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma • Sezary Syndrome • T Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Real-World Treatment Patterns in Patients with Mycosis Fungoides or Sézary Syndrome Treated with Mogamulizumab in the United States: A Retrospective Database Analysis (ASH 2024) - P | "The most common systemic therapy options for combination (n=29) were bexarotene (8 [27.6%]), extracorporeal photopheresis (7 [24.1%]), and methotrexate (6 [20.7%]). Conclusions : This study showed the duration of mogamulizumab treatment (5.7 months) was similar in the real world compared to the results observed in the MAVORIC clinical trial (5.7 months). The duration of mogamulizumab treatment was longer in patients receiving combination treatment than those on monotherapy and warrants further investigation."

HEOR • Real-world • Real-world evidence • Retrospective data • Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma • Dermatology • Hematological Malignancies • Lymphoma • Mycosis Fungoides • Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma • Oncology • Sezary Syndrome • CCR4

Pralatrexate Is Effective in Cytotoxic Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas (ASH 2024) - "Three (38%) and 2 (25%) SPTCL patients transitioned to bexarotene and cyclosporine maintenance therapy after achieving a CR with pralatrexate, respectively. Conclusions Pralatrexate is effective and associated with durable responses in cytotoxic CTCL. Upon disease relapse, retreatment with pralatrexate was effective with high rates of second complete remissions observed in SPTCL."

Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma • Dermatology • Hematological Malignancies • Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis • Lymphoma • Mycosis Fungoides • Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma • Oncology • Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma • Sezary Syndrome • T Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma • CD8 • GZMB

Incidental Discovery of Celiac Disease in a Patient with Mycosis Fungoides (ACG 2025) - "Her past medical history includes hypertension and ANA-positive inflammatory arthritis managed with losartan, hydroxychloroquine and low-dose prednisone, as well as surgical resection of an ovarian adenofibroma. Her mycosis fungoides had been treated with multiple modalities including UVB therapy (discontinued due to lack of response), bexarotene (discontinued due to hypertriglyceridemia), mogamulizumab (discontinued due to lack of response) and Acitretin with topical tretinoin cream...Inadequate response to oral vitamin A supplementation suggests ongoing malabsorption. This case highlights the importance of considering CD in patients with unexplained vitamin deficiencies, even in the absence of gastrointestinal complaints.Figure: Skin lesion characteristic of Mycosis fungoides"

Clinical • Cardiovascular • Celiac Disease • Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma • Dermatology • Dyslipidemia • Hypertension • Hypertriglyceridemia • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Mycosis Fungoides • Oncology • Rheumatology • Solid Tumor • CFTR • ELANE

COMPLETE RESPONSE TO REDUCED-DOSE BRENTUXIMAB VEDOTIN IN A GERIATRIC PATIENT WITH MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES: A CASE REPORT (SIE 2025) - "We present the case of an 88-year-old male diagnosed with MF in January 2019 and referred to our center in November 2024 with numerous diffuse ulcerated and hemorrhagic cutaneous lesions in tumor stage (IIB), which were progressing under bexarotene treatment. This case highlights the efficacy and tolerability of reduced-dose BV in achieving complete remission in an elderly patient with stage IIB mycosis fungoides. The treatment regimen, tailored to the patient's advanced age and comorbidities, suggests that BV can be safely and effectively used in this population."

Case report • Clinical • Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma • Dermatology • Fatigue • Geriatric Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Lymphoma • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Musculoskeletal Pain • Mycosis Fungoides • Neutropenia • Oncology • Orthopedics • T Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF TARGETED MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES IN REFRACTORY CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMAS: A REAL-WORLD SINGLE-CENTER RETROSPECTIVE OVERVIEW (SIE 2025) - "The MAVORIC trial compared MOGA with vorinostat in relapsed/refractory MF and SS patients, regardless of CD30 expression. The ALCANZA trial compared BV with methotrexate or bexarotene in CD30-positive MF or primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma...In this real-world experience, both mogamulizumab and brentuximab vedotin were effective and well-tolerated in advanced CTCL. Limitations include the retrospective design and small sample size. These findings highlight the importance of personalized and combination strategies to optimize outcomes in this challenging disease."

Clinical data • IO biomarker • Real-world • Real-world evidence • Retrospective data • Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma • Dermatology • Hematological Malignancies • Lymphoma • Mycosis Fungoides • Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma • Sezary Syndrome • T Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma • CCR4

Exploring the Regulation of Tmem182 Gene Expression in the Context of Retinoid X Receptor Signaling. (PubMed, J Dev Biol) - "We have previously established that bexarotene, a clinically approved agonist of retinoid X receptor (RXR), promotes the differentiation and fusion of skeletal myoblasts...We found that MyoD and histone acetyltransferase p300 are bound to the Tmem182 promoter, and Tmem182 expression is p300-dependent. Thus, our data display a putative epigenetic signature associated with p300 and histone acetylation in rexinoid-responsive locus activation and transcription of myogenic targets."

Journal

Bexarotene signaling in human B and T lymphocytes induces gut-homing receptor expression. (PubMed, Front Immunol) - "Under BXR treatment, a reduced frequency of cells with these gut-homing receptors was observed in the blood of CTCL patients regarding memory T cells (mean off: 1.9%; on: 0.6%) and B cells (mean off: 5.7%, on: 4%). BXR via RXRs directly targets B and T lymphocytes, inducing retinoid target gene expression, including gut-homing receptors."

IO biomarker • Journal • Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma • Hematological Malignancies • Lymphoma • Oncology • T Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma • CD4 • TGM2

EXPRESS: Amino Acid Transporter SLC38A3 Mediates Bone Cancer Pain in Rats Via the PI3K/AKT/TRPV1 Signaling Pathway. (PubMed, Mol Pain) - "Bexarotene alleviates BCP in rats by suppressing the aberrant overexpression of SLC38A3, thereby blocking the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway-mediated upregulation of TRPV1. These findings indicate that SLC38A3, through its downstream PI3K/AKT-TRPV1 axis, may serve as a potential molecular mechanism for analgesia in BCP."

Journal • Preclinical • Breast Cancer • Immunology • Oncology • Osteosarcoma • Pain • Sarcoma • Solid Tumor • TRPV1