desipramine / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Comparative efficacy of antidepressants for acute adolescent major depressive disorder: a source-verified systematic review and network meta-analysis. (PubMed, Front Psychiatry) - "The antidepressant-only primary SMD network contained 4 parent trials and 11 randomized arms, including desipramine, amitriptyline, fluoxetine, levomilnacipran 40 mg, levomilnacipran 80 mg, vilazodone 15 mg, vilazodone 30 mg, and pill placebo. The only statistically significant estimate was derived from a small historical desipramine trial with important data-quality limitations. Adolescent-specific arm-level evidence was too sparse and methodologically limited to support a stable comparative efficacy hierarchy among antidepressants."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review • CNS Disorders • Depression • Major Depressive Disorder • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Exploring a Persistent Terbinafine - CYP2D6 Interaction Using Physiologically - Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling. (PubMed, AAPS J) - "Experimentally determined Kiu,CYP2D6 for TBNF and DMT enabled to predict the interaction with CYP2D6 substrates Desipramine, Amitriptyline and Nortriptyline. This PBPK framework can be applied in different clinical pharmacology settings for drugs characterized by extensive distribution, formation rate limited metabolism and enzyme inhibition. The framework provides applicability in informing the rational design of clinical trials where sustained plasma drug levels warrant patient monitoring long after termination of dosing."

Journal • PK/PD data • Infectious Disease

Inhibition of sodium-calcium exchanger by tricyclic antidepressants. (PubMed, Front Pharmacol) - "Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) such as amitriptyline, desipramine, and clomipramine are widely used for the treatment of neuropathic pain, yet the cellular mechanisms underlying their analgesic effects remain incompletely understood. These results provide direct evidence that amitriptyline inhibits NCX activity and alters neuronal Ca2+ handling. This effect may contribute to enhanced Ca2+-dependent desensitization of NMDA receptors and suppression of excitatory signaling, providing a mechanistic explanation of its analgetic properties."

Journal • Neuralgia • Pain

Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy as a Novel Treatment for Refractory Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Case Series (ACG 2026) - "He had previously failed treatment with as-needed loperamide, psyllium fiber, amitriptyline, alprazolam, and cognitive behavioral therapy...She had previously attempted a low-FODMAP and gluten-free diet, and had failed trials of an antispasmodic, psyllium fiber, and desipramine...By modulating central sensitization and the gut-brain axis, KAP may address both the visceral hypersensitivity and psychological comorbidities inherent to IBS. This case series represents the first report highlighting KAP as a potential therapy for refractory IBS, while more trials are currently underway."

Clinical • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Depression • Diabetes • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hypertension • Immunology • Metabolic Disorders • Mood Disorders • Post-traumatic Stress Disorder • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Stepwise Translational Validation of the Screening Hit Desipramine Reveals Limits of Fibroblast-State Modulation in Lung Fibrosis. (PubMed, Cells) - "While desipramine demonstrated pro-lipogenic and anti-myofibroblastic phenotypic shifts in reductionist 2D cultures, these effects failed to translate robustly into complex 3D human lung tissue slices or in vivo disease models. Ultimately, our findings highlight the critical necessity of utilizing complex translational pipelines to rigorously validate early screening hits before therapeutic efficacy is assumed."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Depression • Fibrosis • Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis • Immunology • Interstitial Lung Disease • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • TGFB1

A pharmacometric framework for norepinephrine transporter occupancy and dose equivalence across psychotropic medications. (PubMed, J Psychopharmacol) - "These findings suggest that variability in NET engagement across psychotropic medications may not be fully captured by conventional class-based classifications. The proposed framework offers a mechanism-informed approach to comparative pharmacological analysis and introduces a conceptual noradrenergic activity index. This approach may be useful for hypothesis generation in future studies integrating pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling with in vivo imaging and clinical outcomes."

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Beyond rodents: A systematic review of antidepressant-like effects in Drosophila melanogaster as an alternative model in psychopharmacology. (PubMed, Altern Lab Anim) - "Most studies involved adult flies (k = 131), males (k = 56), fluoxetine treatment (k = 109) and courtship outcomes (k = 85). Some studies involved larvae (k = 15), females (k = 39), treatment with other antidepressants (citalopram, k = 12; desipramine, k = 6; amitriptyline, k = 2; imipramine, k = 2) and other outcomes (locomotion, k = 11; sucrose preference, k = 5; light preference, k = 2; aggression, k = 2; climbing, k = 1)...In addition, incomplete reporting precluded an accurate risk-of-bias assessment. These findings highlight the need for standardisation and transparent reporting, in order to establish flies as a reproducible, ethically acceptable alternative to vertebrates in antidepressant research."

Journal • Preclinical • Review • Psychiatry

From Visceral Pain to Emotional Distress: Comparative Effectiveness of Antispasmodics and Antidepressants in Irritable Bowel Syndrome - Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. (PubMed, J Gastrointestin Liver Dis) - "Imipramine and alverine/simethicone were superior for reducing abdominal pain, whereas flupentixol-melitracen, peppermint oil, fluoxetine, and vortioxetine demonstrated the strongest anxiolytic effects. Effective options for depression included imipramine, venlafaxine, flupentixol-melitracen, desipramine, and vortioxetine. Notably, amitriptyline uniquely improved overall IBS severity scores, while otilonium bromide, venlafaxine, amitriptyline, and cumin sofouf provided the greatest benefits for QoL. These findings clarify comparative efficacy and may guide tailored pharmacotherapy strategies for IBS patients."

HEOR • Journal • Retrospective data • Review • CNS Disorders • Depression • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Mood Disorders • Pain • Psychiatry

CYP450-based reclassification of urinary metabolic ratio cutoffs for pain management and substance abuse treatment drugs. (PubMed, J Opioid Manag) - "These pairs include dextrorphan/dextromethorphan, oxymorphone/oxycodone, hydromorphone/hydrocodone, O-desmethyltramadol/tramadol, hydromorphone/-morphine, norbuprenorphine/buprenorphine, norfentanyl/-fentanyl, -noroxycodone/-oxycodone, norhydrocodone/hydrocodone, -7-aminoclonazepam/clonazepam, α-hydroxyalprazolam/alprazolam, norquetiapine/quetiapine, meprobamate/carisoprodol, N-desmethyltapentadol/tapentadol, norketamine/ketamine, -2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine/methadone, -desipramine/imipramine, and nortriptyline/amitriptyline. MR-derived phenotype classifications aligned with the phenotype frequencies reported in Zhu et al., indicating that population-level MR distributions reflect known CYP450 genetic variability. Incorporating CYP-specific cutoffs alongside traditional 95 percent RIs may improve identification of expected genetic metabolism, reduce misclassification, and enhance the interpretive accuracy of MR analysis in clinical UDT."

Journal • Pain • Substance Abuse • CYP2C19 • CYP2C9 • CYP3A4

The efficacy and safety of hyoscyamine, dicyclomine, and desipramine in the treatment of irritable pouch syndrome-a retrospective cohort study. (PubMed, Crohns Colitis 360) - "Adverse events were infrequent and consistent with known safety profiles. Antispasmodic agents and low-dose neuromodulators are associated with meaningful symptom improvement in patients with irritable pouch syndrome, supporting their role as adjunctive therapies for pouch-related functional symptoms."

Journal • Retrospective data • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Inflammation • Pain

Neurometabolic and behavioural mapping in bilateral 6-OHDA experimental model of Parkinson’s disease (OHBM 2026) - "Desipramine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered 30 minutes before surgery to protect noradrenergic neurons...Despite the limited sample size, the findings support the concept of Parkinson’s disease as a distributed network disorder involving early cortical dysfunction, and they provide a strong rationale for future longitudinal studies with larger cohorts to validate neurometabolic biomarkers for disease monitoring and therapeutic evaluation. Acknowledgement AJ acknowledges the University Grants Commission (UGC), Government of India, for providing financial support (grant number: 211610143202) through the UGC-NET Junior Research Fellowship (JRF)."

CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Multimodal Management of Complex Neuropathic Pain in a Patient with Traumatic Conus Medullaris Syndrome from T12 Complete Spinal Cord Injury (ISPRM 2026) - "Gabapentin, TCAs, and SNRIs only modestly improved symptoms...Central pain improved with pregabalin, and scrotal allodynia with desipramine... NP following SCI can be debilitating and difficult to control. Effective management requires accurate identification of pain phenotypes, multimodal approaches, and individualized treatment strategies."

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Neuralgia • Orthopedics • Pain

Desipramine treatment disrupts phagocytic and intracellular survival of Brucella abortus 544 in RAW 264.7 cells and promotes bacterial resistance with enhanced immune responses in ICR mice. (PubMed, Front Vet Sci) - "Notably, DMI treatment in Brucella-infected mice significantly reduced bacterial loads in the spleen and showed a decreasing trend in the liver, along with enhanced Th1-associated immune responses. Together, these findings indicate that DMI exhibits both bactericidal and immunomodulatory effects beneficial to the prevention, treatment, and control of Brucella infection."

Journal • Preclinical • Infectious Disease • MALT1

Meta-Halogenated Benzylguanidine Derivatives: Potential PET Radiotracers for Cardiac Sympathetic Nerve Imaging (SNMMI 2026) - "NET specificity was confirmed through desipramine blocking studies... Meta-halogen substitution in this series of ¹⁸F-labeled benzylguanidine derivatives produced marked differences in their biological and imaging properties. Among these candidates, ¹⁸F-FBr demonstrated the most favorable characteristics and shows strong potential as a PET radiotracer for imaging and evaluating cardiac sympathetic innervation."

Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure

Association of Antidepressant Class With Suicide Risk in Adults (APA 2026) - "Exposures: Initiation of SSRI monotherapy (citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, sertraline, or vilazodone) versus TCA monotherapy (trimipramine, clomipramine, desipramine, doxepin, imipramine, amitriptyline, amoxapine, or nortriptyline). Among matched patients (mean age 47.8 years; 67% female), SSRI initiation was associated with higher 30-day suicide-related risk compared with TCAs (HR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.39–1.80), with elevation persisting to 1 year (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.20–1.35) and attenuating thereafter. Young adults had the greatest early risk (18–24 years: 30-day HR, 3.72; 95% CI, 2.03–6.81). Findings were consistent across sex and racial groups and robust to sensitivity analyses."

Clinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Dementia • Depression • Major Depressive Disorder • Mood Disorders

Aberrant astroglial Kir4.1 activation in the anterior cingulate cortex disrupts neuronal excitability and social behavior. (PubMed, Acta Pharm Sin B) - "Pharmacological inhibition of astroglial Kir4.1 not only restored neuronal activity but also rescued social deficits in GLA-exposed offspring, underscoring Kir4.1's pivotal role in ACC dysfunction. Our study uncovers a novel astrocyte-neuron axis underlying herbicide-induced neurodevelopmental impairments and identifies Kir4.1 as a therapeutic target for environmental factor-associated autism."

Journal • Autism Spectrum Disorder • CNS Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Genetic Disorders • Psychiatry • FOS

Imipramine: Do Metabolite Plasma Levels Affect Treatment Response? (PubMed, J Clin Psychopharmacol) - "By showing that desipramine plasma levels were higher in nonresponders to imipramine treatment, our findings imply that desipramine negatively impacts imipramine's therapeutic effect. When performing TDM, it may be important to consider metabolite plasma levels as well as combined plasma levels."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Depression • General Anxiety Disorder • Major Depressive Disorder • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry • CYP2C19

Systematic Optimization of Meta-Halogenated 18F-Benzylguanidine Derivatives for PET Imaging of Cardiac Sympathetic Innervation. (PubMed, J Med Chem) - "Moreover, desipramine blocking studies confirmed its NET-specific binding. Systematic meta-halogen modification significantly altered the biological and imaging properties of benzylguanidine-based PET radiotracers. 18F-FBr demonstrated its potential as a PET radiotracer for imaging cardiac sympathetic innervation."

Journal

Methylphenidate and Psychotic Symptoms in Children and Adolescents: A Disproportionality Analysis on the WHO Safety Database (VigiBase). (PubMed, J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol) - "These results suggest that MPH exposure in children is associated with an increased probability of serious psychotic symptoms, including hallucinations, which typically resolve with discontinuation or dose reduction. Further research is needed to better understand the MPH-induced psychotic symptoms."

Journal • Observational data • Retrospective data • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

Imipramine solubility-pH profiles: self-aggregation vs. common-ion effect. (PubMed, ADMET DMPK) - "The pH-dependent solubility of imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant, and its hydrochloride salt was investigated in phosphate buffers and chloride-containing aqueous media using the pH-ramp shake-flask method. These findings, along with our previous solubility studies of desipramine and nortriptyline, suggest that even subtle structural variations can lead to significant differences in the aqueous media behaviour of tricyclic antidepressants. This type of information can be valuable in the early stages of drug discovery, in formulation optimization experiments, as well as in in vitro and in vivo studies."

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NMDA receptor antagonism requires serotonin and noradrenaline to induce antidepressant-like effects in a treatment-resistant depression rat model. (PubMed, Eur J Pharmacol) - "Thus, independent groups of Wistar Kyoto Rats were administered MK-801 alone or with desipramine or sertraline, and then evaluated in the open field and the forced swimming test (FST). In conclusion, MK-801 may enhance the effect of classical antidepressants in treatment-resistant models. Moreover, NMDA receptor antagonism relies on the integrity of the serotonergic and noradrenergic systems to exert antidepressant-like effects."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Depression • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Subacute ivermectin-induced affective dysregulation: Evidence for hippocampal microglial and astrocytic activation. (PubMed, Res Vet Sci) - "Assay validation employed diazepam (1 and 3 mg/kg; i.p.), desipramine (30 mg/kg; i.p.), and piracetam (200 mg/kg; i.p.), administered according to their respective protocols. Collectively, our data indicate that subacute, high-dose IVR provokes affective behavioural alterations coupled to hippocampal neuroinflammation, while sparing gross motor function and measurable cognitive performance under the present conditions. These findings underscore caution when administering IVR at elevated doses or in settings that compromise BBB integrity and warrant further mechanistic and time-resolved investigation."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Depression • Inflammation • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry • ABCB1 • GFAP

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) With Desipramine (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=18 | Terminated | Sponsor: Washington University School of Medicine | N=70 ➔ 18 | Completed ➔ Terminated; Due to changes in trial personnel (co-investigator and research coordinator leaving the institution).

Enrollment change • Trial termination • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Pain

Effects of Kamikihito on the Noradrenergic System and Its Pharmacokinetic Profile. (PubMed, Biol Pharm Bull) - "In addition, in the tail suspension test, KKT shortened the duration of immobility posture, indicative of behavioral despair, in lipopolysaccharide-injected mice, similar to desipramine, a NAT inhibitor...Geniposide and formononetin were identified and puerarin, gardoside, 3',7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone 7-O-glucoside, and kazonol N were estimated as ingredients that distribute both in the blood and brain. Although these ingredients did not exhibit NAT inhibitory activity, the information presented in this pharmacokinetic study will be a valuable resource for future studies on the molecular mechanisms of KKT action."

Journal • PK/PD data • CNS Disorders • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

A Comprehensive Approach to the Antidepressant-like Effect and Toxicity of Thunbergia alata Bojer ex Sims (Acanthaceae): Involvement of the Serotoninergic System. (PubMed, Pharmaceuticals (Basel)) - " The extract significantly reduced the immobility time of mice in both the TST and the FST, without affecting locomotor activity, as did the prototypical antidepressant desipramine. PCPA, AMPT, and NAN-190 abolished the extract's effects on despair, while serotonergic ligands (8-OH-DPAT, fluoxetine, and pindolol) facilitated their antidepressant action... This is the first study to demonstrate that an aqueous extract of T. alata produces antidepressant effects mediated by the monoamine brain levels, especially serotonin. In addition to its use in culture-bounded syndromes, the present findings of safety and efficacy give support to the proposal that T. alata may be used in the treatment of depression."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Depression • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry