trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Pediatric Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: a systematic review of causative agents, management strategies, and long-term outcomes (AAD 2026) - "Antiepileptics were the most frequent causative agents (phenobarbital 13.8%, carbamazepine 7.2%, lamotrigine 6.5%), followed by antibiotics (sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim 7.2%, amoxicillin 3.7%) and analgesics (acetaminophen 6.5%, ibuprofen 2.2%). Our findings highlight antiepileptics and antibiotics as the main causative agents in pediatric SJS/TEN. In-hospital mortality, along with both short- and long-term complications are significant concerns. Future multicenter studies with standardized outcome reporting are needed to guide pediatric-specific clinical protocols."

Clinical • Review • Infectious Disease • Ocular Infections • Pediatrics • Steven-Johnson Syndrome

Pediatric Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: a systematic review of causative agents, management strategies, and long-term outcomes. (AAD 2026) - "Among causative agents, antiepileptics were most frequent (phenobarbital 13.8%, carbamazepine 7.2%, and lamotrigine 6.5%), followed by antibiotics (sulfamethoxazole–trimethoprim 7.2%, amoxicillin 3.7%) and analgesics (acetaminophen 6.5%, ibuprofen 2.2%). We highlight antiepileptics and antibiotics as the main causative agents in pediatric SJS/TEN. Oral and ocular mucosal involvement were the most frequent extracutaneous organs involved and treatment strategies varied. Future multicenter studies with standardized outcome reporting are needed to guide pediatric-specific clinical protocols."

Clinical • Review • Infectious Disease • Ocular Infections • Pediatrics • Steven-Johnson Syndrome

Eosinophilic-Rich Linear Immunoglobulin A Bullous Dermatosis (AAD 2026) - "The drug-induced variant is most commonly linked to vancomycin, though other implicated agents include trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, simvastatin, cyclosporine, furosemide, lithium, and various additional medications...Treatments—including metronidazole gel, prednisone, triamcinolone, mupirocin, and doxycycline—provided minimal relief...Eosinophil-rich LABD has been infrequently reported in both adult and pediatric patients. Known associations include COVID-19 vaccination, parvovirus B19 infection, hematologic malignancies, and certain medications."

Alopecia • Cough • Dermatology • Hematological Malignancies • Infectious Disease • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Musculoskeletal Pain • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Orthopedics • Pruritus • Respiratory Diseases

Infection Characteristics in Patients Treated With Axatilimab for Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease in the AGAVE-201 Trial (HOPA 2026) - P2 | "Among 7 patients receiving cyclosporine and 11 receiving tacrolimus, 1 (14.3%) and 3 (27.3%), respectively, completed tapering within 6 cycles. Among 241 randomized patients, 192 (79.7%) had severe cGVHD with a median of 4 prior cGVHD therapies; 130 (53.9%) had ≥4 organs involved. Concomitant medications included antivirals, most commonly acyclovir (60.6%); antibacterials, including sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (63.9%) and azithromycin (32.4%); and antifungals, including posaconazole (24.1%) and fluconazole (11.6%). Concomitant corticosteroid use at baseline was reported in 156/239 (65.3%) patients; mean daily dose was 19.4 mg."

Clinical • Chronic Graft versus Host Disease • Cytomegalovirus Infection • Epstein-Barr Virus Infections • Graft versus Host Disease • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Prevent TB: Choice Architecture for TPT Delivery (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=50798 | Completed | Sponsor: Johns Hopkins University | Recruiting ➔ Completed | N=36 ➔ 50798

Enrollment change • Trial completion • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

Clinical Case Report on the Use of Rezafungin in Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in a Critically Ill Patient. (PubMed, Microorganisms) - "Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) remains the standard therapy but is often limited by severe toxicity. Close clinical and biomarker monitoring is essential. Further clinical and experimental studies are warranted to determine its efficacy, optimal dosing, and safety in critically ill immunocompromised patients."

Journal • Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome • Critical care • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hematological Disorders • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Pneumonia • Pulmonary Disease • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Septic Shock

Elizabethkingia Species as an Emerging Pathogen: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical and Microbiological Evidence. (PubMed, Pathogens) - "Across studies, isolates showed broad resistance to β-lactams and near-universal resistance to carbapenems, with variable activity to fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and more consistent in vitro activity to minocycline. Species misidentification (notably Elizabethkingia anophelis as Elizabethkingia meningoseptica) and heterogeneous susceptibility testing limited comparability. Outbreak investigations repeatedly implicated water-associated reservoirs and reusable equipment, underscoring the need for improved diagnostics, susceptibility-guided therapy and water-focused infection prevention."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Critical care • Infectious Disease • Pediatrics • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases • Septic Shock

Molecular Profiles and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Bacterial Isolates from Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients. (PubMed, Pathogens) - "Significant phenotype-genotype correlations were observed for mecA-oxacillin, sul1-TMP-SMX, KPC-meropenem, and tem-β-lactams (p < 0.01). Gene burden increased progressively across clinical risk categories (p < 0.001), with MDR/XDR isolates concentrated in patients with repeated antibiotic exposure. Molecular and phenotypic analyses demonstrated high concordance for selected gene-antibiotic pairs, supporting targeted molecular screening as an adjunct to culture-based diagnostics in refractory CRS."

Journal • Observational data • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Otorhinolaryngology • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases • Sinusitis

Spinal Cord Toxoplasmosis: Mapping the Journey of a Rare Entity Through a Case Report and Review of the Literature. (PubMed, Microorganisms) - "Sulfadiazine-pyrimethamine with additional folinic acid and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) remains the treatment of choice for treating cerebral toxoplasmosis in people living with HIV (PLHIV), with no particular recommendation regarding patients with spinal cord involvement. In the reviewed cases, neurological sequelae occurred in 52.2% of patients, and mortality was as high as 30.4%."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Revitalizing Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole via Nanotechnology for Improved Pharmacokinetics and Antibacterial Efficacy. (PubMed, Antibiotics (Basel)) - "In vitro, the nano-formulation reduced the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by 2-4-fold and shortened the bactericidal duration from 12 to 8 h. In vivo, the TMP NPs/SMZ combination significantly improved survival rates, accelerated recovery, and alleviated infection-induced organ damage without systemic toxicity. This nanotechnology-based strategy effectively aligns the pharmacokinetics of TMP and SMZ, prolongs their synergistic window, and enhances biosafety, offering a viable approach to revitalize classic antibiotic combinations."

Journal • PK/PD data • Infectious Disease

Antimicrobial Resistance and ESBL-Associated Predictors Among Uropathogens: A 2019-2024 Isolate-Level Study. (PubMed, Antibiotics (Basel)) - "Resistance rates were highest for ciprofloxacin (35.4%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (31.7%), while fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin retained high activity against E. coli. In multivariable analyses, ESBL production was the strongest independent predictor of resistance to several antimicrobials, including ciprofloxacin (aOR 9.83), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (aOR 3.22), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (aOR 2.89), and cefotaxime (aOR 1337)... Antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens was heterogeneous and predominantly driven by pathogen identity and ESBL production. ESBL status emerged as the most consistent and powerful predictor of resistance across multiple antimicrobials, underscoring its clinical relevance for empiric treatment decisions and antimicrobial stewardship in urinary tract infections."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Pneumonia

Genomic Features and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Listeria innocua Isolated from Raw Drinking Milk in Poland. (PubMed, Foods) - "All isolates were phenotypically susceptible to benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, meropenem, erythromycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. These findings underscore the importance of ongoing genomic surveillance of L. innocua in food environments and highlight the need to assess the potential risk posed by specific lineages, such as ST492, to food safety."

Journal • Immune Modulation • Immunology

Hemodialysis Central Venous Catheter-Associated Bloodstream Infection Caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Treated with Cefiderocol and Levofloxacin After Failure of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Monotherapy and Device Replacement. (PubMed, Antibiotics (Basel)) - "Case presentation: We describe the case of a 55-year-old female patient with a tunneled hemodialysis central venous catheter (HD-CVC)-associated bloodstream infection caused by S. maltophilia that, after failure of a prolonged SXT monotherapy, was successfully treated by HD-CVC replacement followed by intravenous cefiderocol (FDC) and levofloxacin (LVX). FDC represents an interesting option for complex cases of S. maltophilia bloodstream infections, and the combination with LVX might add benefit in cases associated with biofilm formation on intravascular devices."

Journal • Monotherapy • Infectious Disease

Severe Pertussis During Early Infancy from a High-Altitude Region: Two Clinical Cases and Literature Review. (PubMed, J Clin Med) - " Case 1 had macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis (MRBP, 23S rRNA A2047G) with peak WBC 52.25 × 109/L, and received cefoperazone-sulbactam, piperacillin-tazobactam and azithromycin, and was successfully treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combined with exchange transfusion. High altitude is an independent risk modifier in infantile pertussis, demanding heightened vigilance and proactive interventions: early non-invasive ventilation, prophylactic anticoagulation, and timely exchange transfusion before pulmonary hypertension develops. This is the first high-altitude case series that provides essential insights for clinicians in similar environments globally, guiding early recognition and proactive management strategies to improve outcomes in this vulnerable population."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Hypertension • Infectious Disease • Pertussis • Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Complete Urinalysis and Urine Culture Results in Children With Febrile Neutropenic Leukemia. (PubMed, J Pediatr Hematol Oncol) - "UTI is as common in children with FEN leukemia as in healthy children. In the neutropenic period, no abnormality may be detected in a complete urinalysis. TMP-SMZ may also provide protection from UTI when used prophylactically in these patients. However, resistant bacteria are becoming increasingly common, and complete urinalysis and urine culture should be routinely studied in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with leukemia presenting with fever and neutropenia. Since this study is retrospective, studies with larger sample sizes are needed."

Journal • Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia • Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Febrile Neutropenia • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Infectious Disease • Leukemia • Nephrology • Neutropenia • Oncology

Ntimicrobial-resistant Listeria species isolated from beef and beef products sold in Mpumalanga province, South Africa. (PubMed, J Food Prot) - "All 33 isolates of L. monocytogenes were susceptible to five antimicrobial agents (penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, gentamicin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, which are commonly used in the treatment of listeriosis. Resistance prevalence ranged from 3.0% to 100% for L. monocytogenes and from 1.7% to 100% for Listeria spp., with nalidixic acid showing universal resistance...This is because AMR-L. monocytogenes can transfer resistance genes/plasmids to pathogenic L. monocytogenes, thereby posing both food safety and therapeutic implications."

Journal

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated from Chicken Carcasses in Romania: Zoonotic Potential and Public Health Impact. (PubMed, Vet Sci) - "High resistance rates were observed for tetracycline (82.6%), ampicillin (68.3%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (61.2%), while multidrug resistance occurred in 34.3% of isolates. The results suggest that poultry carcasses may contribute to the dissemination of resistant and ESBL-producing E. coli, reflecting intestinal carriage and contamination during processing. Strengthened antimicrobial stewardship, systematic resistance monitoring, and improved hygiene practices throughout the poultry production chain are essential to reduce the public health impact of resistant bacteria."

Journal

Critical Analysis of Fixed-Dose Antibiotic Combinations Sold in Kinshasa-Democratic Republic of the Congo. (PubMed, Antibiotics (Basel)) - "For injectable FDAC, for example, the combination Ceftriaxone-Sulbactam was represented by eight medications. For oral FDACs, the combination Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim was represented by seven medications... Fifteen varieties of FDACs were available in Kinshasa, most of which (80%) were unsuitable. It is important that public health authorities address this situation and develop stricter guidelines for granting marketing authorizations, particularly for FDACs."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Malaria • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

Characterizing Aeromonas spp. as a Potential Sentinel Organism for Antimicrobial Resistance Dissemination in Wastewater and Drinking Water Treatment Systems: A Case Study in the Barcelona Metropolitan Area, Spain. (PubMed, Antibiotics (Basel)) - "Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT) non-susceptibility was most frequent (72%), followed by cefoxitin resistance (65.4%)... WWTPs and DWTPs act as reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant Aeromonas spp., demonstrating persistence and HGT potential. Findings support their use as sentinel organisms for AMR surveillance in aquatic environments and for assessing treatment efficacy, highlighting variability across treatment types and locations, and reinforcing their relevance for urban water reclamation monitoring."

Journal • Gene Therapies

A One Health assessment of antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacterales in migratory little stints (Calidris minuta) and aquatic ecosystems in the Kenyan Rift Valley. (PubMed, PLoS One) - "Isolates were recovered from fecal samples of C. minuta foraging at the shores of Lakes Bogoria (low anthropogenic activities) and Magadi (high anthropogenic activities), as well as from peripheral freshwater sources shared by birds, humans, livestock and wildlife...Resistance was highest for ampicillin (50%) and lowest for meropenem (1.0%). The predominant MDR phenotype was a combination of resistances to ampicillin, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim...This is the first study to link C. minuta to the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) epidemiological circuit. Our findings underscore the need to include migratory wild birds in AMR surveillance and utilizing whole-genome sequencing to accurately trace the origin and dissemination pathways of AMR strains."

Journal

Rezafungin as Primary Prophylaxis of Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in a Critically Ill Person Presenting with AIDS with Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole Allergy: A Case Report. (PubMed, J Fungi (Basel)) - "Because drug-drug interactions precluded atovaquone or dapsone and pentamidine was unavailable, rezafungin was started. No adverse events or fungal breakthrough infections occurred despite abdominal complications. Further data are needed to determine whether rezafungin represents a viable prophylactic option when standard agents are contraindicated or unavailable."

Journal • Allergy • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis • CD4

Measuring Communication in Microbial Biofilms in Response to Antibiotics, Phytochemicals and Stressors. (PubMed, Antioxidants (Basel)) - "Further, the regulatory role of stressors such as oxidants (H2O2) or antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) on the communication response is assessed. Interestingly, the induction of communication in response to antibiotics can be quenched by iron chelators, suggesting involvement of H2O2 and free radicals generated by the Fenton reaction. We hypothesize that the observed response to these stressors reflects increased communication in the biofilm, possibly enhancing tolerance and increasing survival."

Journal

Short-term Steroid Therapy in Patients With P. Jirovecii Pneumonia Due to HIV / AIDS (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=196 | Enrolling by invitation | Sponsor: Centro de Investigación en. Enfermedades Infecciosas, Mexico | Trial completion date: Oct 2025 ➔ Jul 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Oct 2024 ➔ Aug 2026

Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Dynamic changes in the plasmidome and resistome in the gastrointestinal tract of chickens. (PubMed, Microbiol Spectr) - "All chickens received enrofloxacin in the first days of life, with one house additionally treated with sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim combination...Combining a metagenomic approach with a focus on plasmids enhances our ability to understand the genetic context and mechanisms underlying AMR transmission. The findings emphasize the importance of targeted plasmid analysis to improve surveillance and risk assessment of AMR transmission in microbial ecosystems."

Journal • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Gene Therapies

Trends in a Persistent Strain of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Infantis (REPJFX01) in Humans and Chickens - United States, 2010-2023. (PubMed, J Food Prot) - "REPJFX01 isolates are often resistant to antibiotics used for treatment including ampicillin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. REPJFX01 trends in humans and chickens appear coincident (both occurring during the same time period), suggesting that chicken may be an important reservoir for REPJFX01. Efforts to prevent Salmonella contamination of chicken and strengthen safe handling and cooking of chicken should be prioritized."

Journal • Infectious Disease