trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Enhanced detection of bacterial etiologies, antibiotic resistance profile, and treatment outcomes of meningitis patients in Ethiopia: a prospective cross-sectional study. (PubMed, BMC Microbiol) - "PCR significantly outperformed culture in detecting bacterial pathogens. E. coli was the most common causative agent of bacterial meningitis, and we observed high rates of antibiotic resistance among Gram-negative bacteria. While most patients had favorable outcomes, low Glasgow Coma Scale scores, comorbidities, and delayed presentation to healthcare facilities were independently associated with unfavorable outcomes."

Journal • Observational data • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

The role of pentamidine for pneumocystis jirovecii prophylaxis in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A systematic review and meta-analysis (ASH 2025) - "Pentamidine demonstrates comparable overall survival at 6-12 months post-transplant and offers While TMP-SMX may be more effective in preventing PJP-related mortality, pentamidine shows comparable short-term survival and significantly better tolerability. Its favorable safety profile supports its use as an alternative in patients who cannot tolerate TMP-SMX, pending confirmation from prospective comparative studies."

Retrospective data • Review • Bone Marrow Transplantation • Hematological Malignancies • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia • Primary Immunodeficiency • Respiratory Diseases • Sarcoma • Solid Tumor • Transplantation

Dara-RVD in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: Real-world clinical practice (ASH 2025) - "Depending on post-ASCT MRD status, patients received lenalidomide maintenance therapy, if MRD negativity was achieved...Antitumor treatment was administered alongside supportive therapy (sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, acyclovir), immunoglobulin infusions, osteomodifying agents...Seven patients underwent stem cell harvesting (etoposide 750 mg/m 2 )combined with short-acting filgrastim without routine plerixafor administration...Conclusion : In the context of limited access to CAR T-cell and bispecific therapies in Russia, early use of Dara-RVd with MRD-adaptive strategies shows high efficacy, including high-risk NDMM patients. This quadruplet-based approach may shift the treatment paradigm, though careful monitoring for complications like hypogammaglobulinemia is essential."

Clinical • Real-world • Real-world evidence • Hematological Malignancies • Infectious Disease • Multiple Myeloma • Musculoskeletal Pain • Pneumococcal Infections • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases • CD34 • CTCs

Antibiotics mechanism of action (PubMed, Med Sci (Paris)) - "They act by inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis (β-lactams, glycopeptides and fosfomycin); protein synthesis (aminoglycosides, macrolides lincosamides and streptogramins -tetracyclines, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, fusidic acid, oxazolidinones-); or nucleic acid synthesis (quinolones/ fluoroquinolones and rifamycins) or interfering with key metabolic pathways such as folate biosynthesis (cotrimoxazole). However, the extensive and sometimes inappropriate use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of resistance, progressively reducing their efficacy and highlighting the need for the development of new antibacterial agents. This review presents the origin, structure, mechanism of action, main clinical agents, and spectrum of activity of each class of antibiotic."

Journal • Review

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with hematologic malignancy: Risky business, but for whom? (ASH 2025) - "Many of these patients had undergone advanced,immunomodulatory treatments, including 11 (20%) with hematopoietic cell transplantation, 3 (5.5%) withchimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, 2 (3.6%) with bispecific T-cell engager therapy, and 16 (29%) withrituximab. Six of the 55 patients (10.9%) were on PJP prophylaxis at the time of infection, including 4(7.3%) on atovaquone and 2 (3.6%) on trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole... Recent advances in chemo-immunotherapy have drastically altered the treatment landscape for HM,often inducing profound immunosuppression. Our study highlights the importance of optimizing PJPprophylaxis among these patients, particularly those undergoing treatment with novel therapies. Most ofthe patients were not on PJP prophylaxis at the time of diagnosis, underscoring the need to further refinethe institutional guidelines on criteria for prophylaxis."

Clinical • Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Adult T-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma • B Cell Lymphoma • Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma • Hematological Malignancies • Infectious Disease • Leukemia • Lymphoma • Multiple Myeloma • Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma • Oncology • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Rebuilding immunity: Kinetics and clinical impact of immune reconstitution after CAR T-cell therapy in multiple myeloma (ASH 2025) - "Median CD4⁺ T-cell count recovery (>150 cells/μL)occurred by M6, coinciding with the median time of Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole exposure (5.6 mo[IQR 1.6–10.7]). Immune profiling after CART therapy offers opportunities for risk stratification andintervention. A higher CD4⁺ T-cell proportion at apheresis may serve as a predictive biomarker forimproved outcomes in ide-cel recipients, informing product selection or apheresis optimizationstrategies. Early CD4⁺ lymphopenia and rapid IgM recovery were associated with inferior PFS, suggestingthat immune profiling at one month may help identify high-risk pts who could benefit from closermonitoring or early intervention."

CAR T-Cell Therapy • Clinical • Hematological Malignancies • Infectious Disease • Multiple Myeloma • CD4 • CD8

Lower neutrophil counts after hematopoietic stem cell transplant for sickle cell disease patients using donors with duffy-null phenotype (ASH 2025) - "Studies have shown mixedfindings regarding the impact of Duffy null status on absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and hydroxyureatherapy in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD)...Excluding these 5 patients did not change thesignificant findings regarding ANC differences between the Duffy null and Duffy non-null donor groups.Most patients received potentially myelosuppressive sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim prophylaxiscontinuously post-HSCT: 46/61 (75.4%) patients with Duffy null donors vs. 12/13 (92.3%) patients withDuffy non-null donors, p=0.27. Among pediatric patients who underwent HLA-identical sibling HSCT for SCD, after day +100post-HSCT patients with Duffy null donors had significantly lower ANC values compared to patients withDuffy non-null donors. HSCT donor Duffy null status should be considered when evaluating ANC afterHSCT and may have clinical implications."

Clinical • Bone Marrow Transplantation • Genetic Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Infectious Disease • Sickle Cell Disease • Transplantation

Efficacy and safety of RCD pulse regimen for acquired Hemophilia A (ASH 2025) - "TheRCD pulse regimen is a combined immunosuppressive therapy (IST) consisting of: 500mgcyclophosphamide intravenously on days 1, 8, 15, and 22; 40mg dexamethasone, intravenously or orally,on days 1, 8, 15, and 22; and 100mg rituximab intravenously on days 1, 8, 15, and 22...All patients received infection prophylaxis with sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (480 mgonce daily) and acyclovir (400 mg once daily)...Two patientswith inhibitors > 100 BU and 2 patients with inhibitors < 20 BU did not achieve CR after prednisolonealone or combination therapy with the addition of cyclophosphamide prior to RCD.To date, 7 of the 8 (87.5%) patients have achieved CR after 1 or 2 courses of RCD (3 newly diagnosedpatients after 1 courses of RCD, 1 newly diagnosed patient and 3 relapsed patients after 2 courses ofRCD). One patient who relapsed after 313 weeks of treatment with prednisone and other drugs cannotbe treated strictly in accordance with the protocol of this study, and has..."

Clinical • Breast Cancer • Cataract • CNS Disorders • Coronary Artery Disease • Depression • Diabetes • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Glomerulonephritis • Heart Failure • Hemophilia • Hemophilia A • Hypertension • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Interstitial Lung Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Ophthalmology • Pneumonia • Psychiatry • Rare Diseases • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Rheumatology • Solid Tumor

Atypical hemolytic uremic Syndrome Triggered by malignancy and drug exposure: A systematic review and meta-analysis (ASH 2025) - "Tacrolimus was the mostreported drug trigger (n=6)followed by gemcitabine (n=5), vincristine (n=5), bevacizumab (n=3), carfilzomib (n=3), 6-mercaptopurine(n=2), methotrexate (n=2), and mitomycin (n=2). Aflibercept, bactrim, bleomycin, capecitabine, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine,dasatinib, deferasirox, dinutuximab, estarylla, ketoprofen, L-asparaginase, modakafusp alfa, PEG-asparaginase, sunitinib, syntheticpsychoactive drugs, tamoxifen, and topotecan were reported as potential triggers for aHUS in one patient each...The pooled rate of treatment with eculizumab was 74% (95% CI, 0.629-0.842, p < 0.01, I2 = 72%),and the pooled rate of renal recovery was 65% (95% CI, 0.525-0.761, p < 0.01, I2 = 55%)...AKI and hematological abnormalities in these patients should prompt an emergent work-up and treatment. Current evidenceis primarily derived from case reports, so prospective trials are necessary to establish the incidence, associations, triggers, and outcomes..."

Retrospective data • Review • Acute Kidney Injury • Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia • Anemia • Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome • B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia • Biliary Cancer • Breast Cancer • Cholangiocarcinoma • Complement-mediated Rare Disorders • Genito-urinary Cancer • Hematological Malignancies • Hepatocellular Cancer • Hodgkin Lymphoma • Leukemia • Lung Cancer • Lymphoma • Multiple Myeloma • Nephrology • Neuroblastoma • Oncology • Ovarian Cancer • Pancreatic Cancer • Prostate Cancer • Renal Cell Carcinoma • Renal Disease • Solid Tumor • Thrombocytopenia • Urothelial Cancer

P043 A scoping review of patient metrics, aetiology, management and complications in Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN). (PubMed, Br J Dermatol) - "The most common causative individual drugs were lamotrigine (n = 76), carbamazepine (n = 71), phenytoin (n = 45), co-trimoxazole (n = 36) and pembrolizumab (n = 28). Regarding treatments, steroids are the mainstay, alongside intravenous immunoglobulin and ciclosporin. The range of complications emphasizes the need for a multidisciplinary management approach both in the short- and longer-term care of patients."

Journal • Conjunctivitis • Dermatology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hematological Disorders • Hepatology • Herpes Simplex • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Keratitis • Liver Failure • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Ocular Infections • Ocular Inflammation • Oncology • Ophthalmology • Steven-Johnson Syndrome

Prevalence and Molecular Epidemiology of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli and Effects of Antimicrobial Use in Multiple Pig Industry Sectors in Korea. (PubMed, Ann Lab Med) - "Pig-derived E. coli isolates had antimicrobial resistance (AMR) rates of 80.4%, 47.2%, 32.6%, 36.7%, 43.4%, 62.4%, and 72.1% to ampicillin, piperacillin, cefazoline, ciprofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline, respectively. The findings highlight the significance of elucidating AMR networks among humans, animals, and the environment. Prudent antimicrobial usage and continuous AMR monitoring in the pig industry are crucial to safeguard food safety."

Journal

Nocardia species epidemiology and susceptibility profiles from 2019 to 2022 in South Africa. (PubMed, S Afr Med J) - "The predominant isolation of Nocardia species from pus samples suggests that the majority were deep-seated infections. The most common Nocardia species types and the AST profiles have changed over time. The study highlights the need for alternative methods for the speciation of this organism."

Journal • Retrospective data • Infectious Disease

Characterization and Genomic Analysis of Pasteurella multocida NQ01 Isolated from Yak in China. (PubMed, Animals (Basel)) - "Antimicrobial testing showed broad susceptibility to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, midecamycin, florfenicol, polymyxin, and vancomycin, with resistance to metronidazole, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, and clindamycin. Phylogenetically, NQ01 clusters with regional B:2 bovine/yak isolates. Collectively, these data define NQ01 as a highly virulent, low-resistance yak isolate and a practical model for natural-route HS pathogenesis and targeted control in high-altitude pastoral settings yaks."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Immune Modulation • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Otorhinolaryngology • NQO1

Rituximab-Induced Interstitial Lung Disease: A Possible Underestimated Complication-A Systematic Review. (PubMed, Cancers (Basel)) - "Cohort studies demonstrated variability in incidence, reported instances of successful rituximab reintroduction and suggested a protective effect of prophylactic trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole against opportunistic pneumonitis. Although rare, R-ILD is a clinically significant complication of rituximab therapy. Early recognition and multidisciplinary management are essential, as most patients respond to corticosteroids, while severe cases may progress to respiratory failure or fatal outcomes."

Journal • Review • Immunology • Interstitial Lung Disease • Pneumonia • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Case Report: A novel CIITA mutation causing MHC class II deficiency: first reported case in Morocco. (PubMed, Front Immunol) - "The proband, identified during family follow-up, had recurrent mucocutaneous infections, marked CD4+ lymphopenia with CD4/CD8 inversion, and near-absent HLA-DR on B cells; he was started on monthly intravenous immunoglobulin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis...Molecular confirmation enabled genetic counseling, cascade testing, withholding BCG, and urgent evaluation for allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. This case, likely the first CIITA-related MHC II deficiency reported from Morocco, expands the regional genotypic spectrum and underscores the value of early HLA-DR flow-cytometric assessment and prompt molecular testing in infants from consanguineous families to guide prophylaxis, vaccination decisions, and timely referral for curative therapy."

Journal • Bone Marrow Transplantation • Candidiasis • Cytomegalovirus Infection • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Pneumonia • Primary Immunodeficiency • Respiratory Diseases • Transplantation • CD4 • CD8 • CIITA • HLA-DRB1

A rare cause of cellulitis and bacteremia by Achromobacter xylosoxidans in a patient with X-linked agammaglobulinemia: a case report. (PubMed, Ann Med Surg (Lond)) - "He was initially treated with piperacillin/tazobactamand received a dose of intravenous immunoglobulin. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was prescribed upon discharge...Initial empiric broad spectrum followed by de-escalation based on culture and susceptibility test is recommended. Clinicians must be aware of A. xylosoxidans as a potential pathogen in SSTIs, especially in immunocompromised patients."

Journal • Cystic Fibrosis • Dermatology • Genetic Disorders • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Pain • Primary Immunodeficiency • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • BTK

Unexpected Fatal Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia During Triplet Therapy for Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer. (PubMed, Respirol Case Rep) - "A 75-year-old man with low-volume metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) received triplet therapy with relugolix, darolutamide and docetaxel...Despite appropriate trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and corticosteroid therapy, he died of respiratory failure ~10 days after symptom onset. This case highlights an underrecognized risk of PJP during triplet therapy for mHSPC. Prophylaxis should be considered in select high-risk patients, including elderly individuals or those with metabolic comorbidities."

Journal • Anorexia • Diabetes • Genito-urinary Cancer • Hormone Sensitive Prostate Cancer • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Oncology • Pneumonia • Prostate Cancer • Respiratory Diseases • Solid Tumor

Genomic insights and molecular epidemiology through whole genome sequencing in clinical Serratia marcescens ST-367 isolated from the Kingdom of Bahrain. (PubMed, J Infect Public Health) - "To our knowledge, this is the first report of S. marcescens ST-367 in the Gulf Cooperation Council. The genetic diversity and mechanisms of virulence and antibiotic resistance in this isolate shed light on the evolution of high-risk isolates. Additionally, this will serve as a foundation for future extensively drug-resistant isolates."

Journal • Gene Therapies • Infectious Disease

The impact of different antimicrobial exposures on the gut microbiome in the ARMORD observational study. (PubMed, Elife) - "Outcomes were Shannon diversity and relative abundance of specific bacterial taxa (Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus, and major anaerobic groups) and antimicrobial resistance genes (targeting beta-lactams, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, macrolides, and glycopeptides)...In contrast, co-trimoxazole, doxycycline, antifungals, and antivirals had less impact on microbiome diversity and selection of AMR genes...Some drugs in the WHO Access group (co-amoxiclav, clindamycin) had similar magnitude impact on microbiome diversity to those in the Watch group (meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam) with potential implications for acquisition of resistant organisms. Metagenomic sequencing can be used to compare the impact of different antimicrobial agents and treatment strategies on the commensal flora."

Journal • Observational data • Infectious Disease • Transplantation

Impact of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Exiguobacterium Acetylicum RGK and Enterobacter Mori RGK1 on Growth Parameters and Phytochemicals of Asparagus Racemosus. (PubMed, Curr Microbiol) - "Additionally, has shown antibiotic susceptibility to antibiotics such as Amikacin, Netilin, Co-trimaxazole, Streptomycin, Furazolidone, Kanamycin, Nalidixic acid, Nitrofurantoin, Tobramycin, Oxytetracyclin, Chloramphenicol, Gentamycin and their ability to withstand salt concentration (NaCl) up to 5-6%. As compared to the untreated plants, PGPR-treated plantlets showed higher amounts of secondary metabolites, primarily Diosgenin. The main focus is on the use of multiple microbial strains in a single formulation, an emerging trend in sustainable agriculture."

Journal

Infection with Nocardia pneumoniae in a 54-year-old woman with bronchiectasis - a case report and review of the literature. (PubMed, Respir Med Case Rep) - "The current case was successfully treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole monotherapy over 12 weeks. We propose that Nocardia pneumoniae should be considered clinically significant. The management of nocardiosis remains difficult, as reliable evidence on optimal antimicrobial strategies, appropriate treatment duration, and the need for secondary prophylaxis is still lacking."

Journal • Bronchiectasis • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Massive Intracranial Lesion in an AIDS Patient: Diagnostic Challenge Between Brain Tumor and Toxoplasmic Encephalitis Resolved by Empirical Therapy. (PubMed, Int Med Case Rep J) - "Despite 17 days of antiretroviral therapy and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim prophylaxis, he deteriorated to coma with lesion progression on repeat MRI...This case illustrated that seronegative Toxoplasmic encephalitis may mimic aggressive neoplasms radiologically and clinically in advanced AIDS. Empirical anti-toxoplasma therapy should be considered a prioritized intervention over invasive diagnostics for ring-enhancing lesions in severely immunocompromised patients, particularly when brain biopsy is high-risk or contraindicated, even in seronegative cases."

Journal • Brain Cancer • CNS Disorders • Glioblastoma • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Oncology • Pain • Solid Tumor

Pediatric Epididymitis With Atypical Evolution: A Case of Testicular Necrosis and Review of Management Strategies. (PubMed, Pediatr Emerg Care) - "Testicular necrosis is an exceedingly uncommon but serious complication of AOE in children. Persistent pain, increasing testicular size, or poor clinical response should prompt early Doppler reassessment and consideration of surgical exploration. Recognition of TCS as a possible pathophysiological mechanism may help guide timely diagnosis and intervention to prevent irreversible ischemic injury."

Journal • Dermatology • Pain • Pediatrics • Respiratory Diseases • Urology

Study of fullerene C60 effect on Escherichia coli in presence of antibiotics. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "A statistically significant enhancement in the diameter of zones of inhibition was observed with tetracycline and co-trimoxazole, whereas amikacin and gentamicin evidenced only slight increases. The findings indicate that fullerene C60 could disrupt bacterial membrane integrity or metabolic activity, thereby potentiating the antibiotics. This paves the way for introducing nanomaterials like fullerene C60 into treatment strategies to target antibiotic resistance and bring about better therapeutic outcomes in bacterial infections."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Eyelid Nocardiosis After Lower Blepharoplasty. (PubMed, Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg) - "Oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was initiated, leading to resolution of the infection...The species N. asteroides typically spreads hematogenously, rather than through direct cutaneous inoculation. Eyelid surgeons should be aware of the rare possibility of Nocardia infection in patients who develop signs of postoperative eyelid cellulitis or abscess following routine surgery and should recognize the importance of timely, appropriate antibiotic therapy to prevent adverse outcomes."

Journal • Aesthetic Medicine • Dermatology • Infectious Disease