Pneumosil (10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine) / Serum Institute of India, Ligand - LARVOL DELTA

A Narrative Review of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Choices for Greater Access and Protection against Pneumococcal Diseases in the Philippines. (PubMed, Acta Med Philipp) - "Enhancing laboratory and surveillance capacity are essential to provide evidence-based decision-making in terms of existing serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile in the country. With the introduction of a new affordable formulation of a 10-valent PCV offering a comparable serotype coverage, the reassessment of choice of PCV with the consideration of all three formulations, namely PCV13, PHiD-CV, and SIIPL-PCV, may be warranted."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia

Health and Economic Value of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Against Antimicrobial Resistance in Brazil: An Agent-based Simulation Study (ISPOR 2025) - "We assessed the impact of PCV vaccination in Brazil over a 5-year duration under four scenarios: counterfactual of no vaccination, current 10-valent (PCV10) vaccination (assuming constant coverage), 15-valent (PCV15) vaccination (assuming same coverage rates as PCV10), and increased PCV15 coverage (increased to 95% coverage in all geopolitical zones). Compared to no vaccination, current PCV10 vaccination reduces annual incidences of pneumococcal diseases, preventing deaths and treatments each year, and controls AMR growth. By switching to PCV15 and working to improve vaccination coverage, Brazil would benefit not only from reduced diseases and healthcare costs, but also from the ability to better control the development of AMR."

Infectious Disease • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Impact of Universal PCV10 Vaccination on Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Croatian Children. (PubMed, Pediatr Infect Dis J) - "The introduction of PCV10 significantly changed the IPD epidemiology in Croatian children. The prevalence of PCV10 isolates decreased, with the current serodistribution suggesting the need for novel pneumococcal conjugates. Given the relatively low prevalence of isolates with PCV10 and PCV13 serotypes, PCV15 and PCV20 may be the most suitable candidates for future use."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF 20-VALENT VERSUS 15-VALENT PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINES FOR CHILDREN IN THE NETHERLANDS, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT INDIRECT EFFECTS AND ADULT VACCINATION (ESPID 2025) - "Epidemiological data from 2022-2024 with PCV10 in children was used, projecting population-level pneumococcal epidemiology for implementing PCV15 or PCV20...Conclusions/Learning Points Replacing PCV15 (2+1) with PCV20 (3+1) in Dutch children would result in a net health loss, as indirect effects reduce the impact of the PCV20 program for older adults. Using PCV21 in older adults could prevent this net health loss due to its inclusion of eleven non-PCV20 serotypes but would not make PCV20 cost-effective in children."

Clinical • Cost effectiveness • HEOR • Infectious Disease • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Indirect Comparison of PCV20 Immunogenicity with PCV10 in Pediatric 3 + 1 and 2 + 1 Schedules. (PubMed, Infect Dis Ther) - "The comparable immunogenicity of PCV20 versus PCV10 in 2 + 1 and 3 + 1 schedules suggests that PCV20 will have similar effectiveness for the ten serotypes included in both vaccines, including for direct protection during infancy and toddler age, while also expanding serotype coverage. Effectiveness for PCV20 needs to be confirmed in post-marketing studies."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pediatrics • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia

Back to the future? Drastic drop in serotype 19A carriage in daycare centers within two years after a second switch to PCV13 in Belgium. (PubMed, Hum Vaccin Immunother) - "After switching from PCV13 to PCV10 in 2015-2016, Belgium switched back to PCV13 in 2019...Resistance of pneumococcal strains to penicillin increased significantly over the three study years. Two years after the second switch to PCV13 in 2019, pneumococcal serotype 19A carriage decreased again significantly in Belgian children attending daycare centers."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

A global epidemic serotype 14 Streptococcus pneumoniae switching to non-vaccine types. (PubMed, Microbiol Spectr) - "Following the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7, PCV10, and PCV13), a significant decrease in the prevalence of vaccine-type pneumococci has been observed, while the prevalence of non-vaccine-type (NVT) pneumococci has increased...More importantly, as a strain that is already prevalent, the novel NVT strain possesses the potential to become a global pandemic strain.IMPORTANCEThe study employed high-throughput sequencing to analyze Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from Xiamen Children's Hospital, China, to evaluate vaccine effectiveness in light of serotype changes and documented the occurrence of a serotype switch (from 14 to 15B) between vaccine-type and non-vaccine-type serotypes in the ST4749 strain. This observation indicates a genomic recombination and adaptive response of S. pneumoniae under selective pressure exerted by vaccination, offering novel insights into strategies for the prevention and control of S. pneumoniae and the optimization..."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes and factors associated with antimicrobial resistance in Invasive pneumococcal disease cases in Latvia, 2012-2022. (PubMed, Front Public Health) - "Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed resistance rates of 3.8% to penicillin, 5.4% to erythromycin, and 1.2% to cefotaxime/ceftriaxone...Multivariable logistic regression indicated that IPD cases with S. pneumoniae PCV10 serotypes and meningitis were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of penicillin and erythromycin resistance...The findings underscore the importance of continuous surveillance of S. pneumoniae serotypes and antimicrobial resistance patterns to inform treatment guidelines and vaccination policies. Further research is needed to assess the long-term impact of the PCV15 vaccine on S. pneumoniae serotype distribution and resistance."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Serotype distribution of invasive Pneumococcal disease in a tertiary children's hospital in Vietnam. (PubMed, BMC Infect Dis) - "Paediatric IPD in Vietnam primarily affects children under 5 years old, with high rates of antibiotic resistance. The high pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) coverage emphasizes the need for universal PCV vaccination in children to enhance IPD prevention. Continued and enhanced surveillance of IPD is essential for better understanding and management."

Journal • Retrospective data • Infectious Disease • Pediatrics • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia

Humoral immune response to 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (PubMed, Vaccine) - "Individuals with type 2 diabetes demonstrated a significant protective humoral immune response to the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10); however, the response was comparatively less robust and declined faster in those with type 2 diabetes compared to age and sex-matched non-diabetes controls."

Journal • Diabetes • Genetic Disorders • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity • Pneumococcal Infections • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Genomic characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates obtained from carriage and disease among paediatric patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. (PubMed, Microb Genom) - "Resistance mutations in folA (I100L) and/or folP (indel between fifty-sixth and sixty-seventh aa) were identified among 66% (68/103) of the isolates, whilst tetracycline (tetM) and macrolide (ermB and mefA) resistance genes were found in 46.6% (48/103), 20.4% (21/103) and 20.4% (21/103) of the isolates, respectively. The most common serotype identified was 19A, expressed by the MDR lineages GPSC1 and GPSC10, which is not covered by PCV10 but is included in PCV13. Continued assessment of the impact of PCV on the population structure of S. pneumoniae in Ethiopia is warranted during and after PCV13 introduction."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Pediatrics • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia

Investigating two decades of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteraemia in the Gelderland area, the Netherlands, using whole-genome sequencing. (PubMed, Microb Genom) - "In the Netherlands, the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) was introduced to the childhood immunization programme in 2006 and replaced by the 10-valent PCV (PCV10, GSK) in 2011...Comparison to global collections of GPSC10, GPSC1 and GPSC6 isolates favored the likelihood of separate introductions of penicillin-resistant isolates rather than cloncal expansion. Genomic surveillance of pneumococcal bacteraemia in this unbiased population sample in the Netherlands supports the use of higher valency PCVs, such as PCV20, especially in adults, to prevent future bacteraemia cases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in the Gelderland area, the Netherlands, while maintaining a low prevalence of AMR in the pneumococcal population."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia

Infant Malaria Vaccine Schedule Optimization (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=1200 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: PATH

New P2 trial • Infectious Disease • Malaria

The direct impact of mandatory PCV10 vaccination on invasive pneumococcal disease in Polish children. (PubMed, Vaccine) - "The introduction of PCV10 into the Polish NIP significantly reduced infections caused by PCV10 serotypes, including infections associated with resistant pneumococci. Concurrently, we noted an increase in the prevalence of non-PCV10 serotypes, notably serotype 19 A, which presently constitutes one-third of the total infections. The results of our study support the need to introduce a vaccine containing 19A polysaccharides into the Polish NIP and emphasizes the importance of continuous IPD surveillance."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia

Impact of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on the epidemiology of otitis media with otorrhea among Bangladeshi children. (PubMed, Vaccine) - "It demonstrates a 15.4 % reduction in pneumococcal isolation over four years and over 80 % efficacy of PCV10 in preventing vaccine type pneumococcal OM cases. While some vaccine serotypes decreased significantly, the impact of PCV10 on overall pneumococcal OM cases was dampened by increasing isolation of non-vaccine serotypes."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Otorhinolaryngology • Pediatrics • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia

Effect of the Ten-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Invasive Pneumococcal Disease and Pneumonia in Infants Younger Than Ten Weeks of Age in Southern Mozambique: A Population-based Prospective Surveillance Study. (PubMed, Pediatr Infect Dis J) - "PCV10 introduction led to substantial declines in the incidence of IPD, CSP and associated mortality in infants too young to be vaccinated (less than 10 weeks) in Mozambique, suggesting indirect protection."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

OPTIMAL: Opportunistic Pneumococcal Immunisation Trial in MALnutrition (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=264 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Nick Fancourt

New P4 trial • Infectious Disease • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Impact of the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) on pneumococcal carriage in healthy children and children with acute otitis media and pneumonia: emergence of serotypes 3, 6C and 19A in Croatia. (PubMed, Vaccine) - "In the early post-vaccine period significant increase of PCV10 vaccine-related serotypes (6C, 19A) was observed. Continued monitoring is also essential due to concerning rise of serotype 3 in patients with mucosal infections and a higher risk for complicated pneumonia."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Otorhinolaryngology • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Economic Evaluation of Transitioning to the 20-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in the Dutch Paediatric National Immunisation Programme. (PubMed, Infect Dis Ther) - "This cost-effectiveness analysis demonstrated that switching from PCV15 2 + 1 to PCV20 3 + 1 in the Dutch paediatric NIP would reduce both the clinical burden and projected costs of pneumococcal disease over 10 years."

HEOR • Journal • Infectious Disease • Pediatrics • Pneumococcal Infections

Serotype-specific serum immunoglobulin G at 18 months of age following one or two doses of a primary series of 10-valent or 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and a booster dose at nine months of age: a randomized controlled study. (PubMed, Expert Rev Vaccines) - P3 | "This study evaluated the immune response at 18 months of age following a 1 + 1 compared to a 2 + 1 schedule of 10-valent (PCV10) and 13-valent (PCV13) vaccines...Transitioning to a 1 + 1 schedule should be considered for early immunization programs. www.clinicaltrials.gov identifier is NCT02943902."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumococcal Infections

Global impact of 10- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on pneumococcal meningitis in all ages: the PSERENADE project. (PubMed, J Infect) - "Pneumococcal meningitis declined in all age groups following PCV10/PCV13 introduction. Plateaus in non-PCV13-type meningitis suggest less replacement than for all IPD. Data from meningitis belt and high-burden settings were limited."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Pneumococcal Infections

Effect of mass campaigns with full and fractional doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (Pneumosil) on the reduction of nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage in Niger: a three-arm, open-label, cluster-randomised trial. (PubMed, Lancet Infect Dis) - P4 | "Multi-age cohort campaigns had a marked effect on vaccine-type carriage and fractional-dose campaigns met non-inferiority criteria. Such campaigns should be considered in low-coverage settings, including humanitarian emergencies, to accelerate population protection."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumococcal Infections

Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae among children and their household members in southern Mozambique five years after PCV10 introduction. (PubMed, Vaccine) - "Despite substantial declines in PCV10-type carriage initially following vaccine introduction, the continued circulation of PCV10 serotypes and relative high prevalence of PCV13-unique serotypes underscore the need to understand the impact of policy changes on pneumococcus transmission."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases • Septic Shock

Serotype distribution of remaining invasive pneumococcal disease after extensive use of ten-valent and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (the PSERENADE project): a global surveillance analysis. (PubMed, Lancet Infect Dis) - "The proportion of IPD due to serotypes included in PCVs in use was low in mature PCV10 and PCV13 settings. Serotype distribution differed between PCV10 and PCV13 sites and age groups. Higher-valency PCVs target most remaining IPD and are expected to extend impact."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumococcal Infections

Global impact of ten-valent and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on invasive pneumococcal disease in all ages (the PSERENADE project): a global surveillance analysis. (PubMed, Lancet Infect Dis) - "Long-term use of PCV10 or PCV13 reduced IPD substantially in young children and more moderately in older ages. Non-vaccine-type serotypes increased approximately two-fold to three-fold by 6 years after introduction of PCV10 or PCV13. Continuing serotype 19A increases at PCV10 sites and declines at PCV13 sites suggest that PCV13 use would further reduce IPD at PCV10 sites."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumococcal Infections