Pneumosil (10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine) / Serum Institute of India, Ligand - LARVOL DELTA

Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on S. pneumoniae carriage in infant and toddlers with acute otitis media in Morocco. (PubMed, Infect Dis Now) - "Persistent vaccine-type carriage alongside emerging non-vaccine serotypes indicates incomplete serotype replacement in Morocco. PCV13 provided broader coverage than PCV10, mainly through serotypes 19 A and 3. Most non-PCV13 serotypes were included in PCV20, supporting its potential integration into the national immunization program and continuous serotype surveillance."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Otorhinolaryngology • Pediatrics • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children aged two to five years old in the conjugate vaccine era: A cross-sectional study in Salvador, Brazil. (PubMed, PLoS One) - "A high pneumococcal carriage rate, predominantly involving non-PCV10-GSK serotypes, was observed among children vaccinated under the Brazilian PCV10-GSK program. The limited serotype coverage of PCV10-GSK, together with antimicrobial resistance among circulating serotypes, underscores the need for ongoing surveillance to guide vaccine policy and antimicrobial stewardship in Brazil."

Journal • Observational data • Infectious Disease • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia

Immunogenicity up to age 5 years following a single-dose or two-dose infant primary series of 10-valent or 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine each followed by a booster dose in South Africa: extended follow-up of a single-centre, open-label, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial. (PubMed, Lancet Child Adolesc Health) - P | "A reduced PCV13 1+1 schedule, primed at either 6 weeks or 14 weeks, maintained non-inferior serotype-specific GMCs relative to the PCV13 2+1 schedule up until age 5 years, supporting schedule transition in countries with well established PCV programmes. The PCV10 1+1 schedules did not meet non-inferiority criteria compared with the PCV10 2+1 schedule by age 4 years."

Head-to-Head • Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Pneumococcal Infections

Seroefficacy of a 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (Pneumosil®) compared with other pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in children. (PubMed, Vaccine) - "PCV10SII demonstrated comparable seroefficacy as PCV10GSK against colonisation by serotypes common to both and may offer better coverage in countries with high prevalence of 6A and 19A disease. The serotype-specific differences in seroefficacy between PCV10SII and PCV13 should be considered when evaluating cost effectiveness. Funding Gates Foundation (INV-056261_2023)."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia

Clinical and Economic Burden of Complicated Pneumonia and Invasive Disease due to Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 19A in an Ecuadorian Pediatric Reference Hospital. (PubMed, Pediatr Infect Dis J) - "Penicillin nonsusceptibility was identified in 88% of isolates. Serotype 19A infections were associated with longer hospitalization and higher medical costs, highlighting the substantial burden of complicated pneumonia due to a non-PCV10 serotype."

HEOR • Journal • Infectious Disease • Pediatrics • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Invasive pneumococcal disease in Latin America: serotype distribution and vaccine coverage among adults in Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina. (PubMed, Vaccine) - "PCV21 offers substantially broader potential coverage for adult IPD than PCV20 and earlier-generation PCVs in Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico. If incorporated into adult immunization programs with sufficient uptake, PCV21 could meaningfully reduce IPD burden."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pediatrics • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia

Characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae colonising Cypriot children during a period of high PCV10 and PCV13 vaccine coverage: serotypes and antimicrobial resistance. (PubMed, BMC Infect Dis) - "Despite extensive vaccination, pneumococcal carriage in Cypriot children remains high, with predominance of non-vaccine serotypes and substantial antimicrobial resistance. Continuous surveillance is essential to guide vaccination and antimicrobial stewardship."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia

Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile in South Gujarat, India: Preliminary Regional Surveillance Study. (PubMed, Indian J Med Microbiol) - "The significant burden of MDR S. pneumoniae in South Gujarat highlights the need for antimicrobial stewardship and continuous monitoring of serotype distribution and resistance patterns in the region. These results provide important baseline epidemiological data for this region."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine effectiveness against hypoxemia in children with suspected pneumonia in Kenya; analysis from a real-world sentinel surveillance platform. (PubMed, PLoS One) - "The PCV-10 coverage in this dataset was high, potentially reflecting a robust routine vaccination effort since PCV-10 was introduced in Kenya in 2011. High-quality surveillance data can be used to provide real-world evidence to support routine immunization programs."

Journal • Real-world evidence • Infectious Disease • Malaria • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Pneumococcal meningitis among hospitalised children after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in India: a sentinel hospital surveillance (2019-2022). (PubMed, Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia) - "In 2017 India introduced the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13; Prevenar 13®) in select high-burden sites and in 2021, transitioned to nationwide introduction of 10-valent PCV (PCV10-SII; PNEUMOSIL®). Continued surveillance is essential to monitor serotype distribution and pneumococcal meningitis patterns over time. Gates Foundation (OPP1188408) and the United Nations Development Programme (00101970)."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Pediatrics • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia

CHARACTERISTICS OF STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE CAUSING INVASIVE INFECTION IN CYPRIOT CHILDREN AT A TIME OF HIGH COVERAGE BY PCV10 AND PCV13 VACCINES (ESPID 2026) - "All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and rifampicin. Conclusions/Learning Points Paediatric IPD in Cyprus is dominated by serotypes 3 and 19A, with a substantial contribution from non- vaccine serotypes. Continuous surveillance is essential to monitor evolving serotype patterns, antimicrobial resistance, and the impact of higher-valency PCVs."

Clinical • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Pneumococcal Infections

Estimated pneumococcal disease burden in children due to serotypes covered by different pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in five Latin American countries. (PubMed, Front Pediatr) - "Despite the success of PCV10 and PCV13 in reducing pneumococcal disease in Latin America, a considerable clinical, economic, and societal burden remains due to serotypes included in higher-valent vaccines. Broader serotype coverage offered by PCV20 has the potential to address this unmet burden and further reduce the public health and economic impact of pneumococcal disease in young children across the region."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Otorhinolaryngology • Pediatrics • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

CHARACTERISTICS OF STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE COLONISING CYPRIOT CHILDREN DURING A PERIOD OF HIGH PCV10 AND PCV13 VACCINE COVERAGE: SEROTYPES AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE (ESPID 2026) - "Resistance was highest to erythromycin (54.3%), tetracycline (37.3%) and clindamycin (31.7%). Conclusions/Learning Points Pneumococcal carriage in Cypriot children remains high despite extensive PCV use and is dominated by non-vaccine serotypes with substantial antimicrobial resistance. Continuous surveillance is essential to monitor serotype replacement and guide vaccination and antimicrobial stewardship strategies."

Clinical • Infectious Disease • Pneumococcal Infections

INCREASING INCIDENCE OF STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE SEROTYPE 14 IN THE YEARS 2022 – 2025 (ESPID 2026) - "Background In Slovenia, pneumococcal vaccination was introduced into national immunization program in 2015 using PCV10, replaced with PCV13 in 2019 and since 2025, PVC20 has been administered to children and adults...Resistance to erythromycin decreased from 11,4% in 2022 to 5,7% in 2024, followed by an increase to 14,3% in 2025. Conclusions/Learning Points In Slovenia, the incidence of serotype 14 in adults has been rising since 2022 in parallel with oxacillin resistance increase. Ongoing surveillance and whole genome sequencing are essential for further understanding of this rising trend and its impact on the public health."

Infectious Disease • Pneumococcal Infections

PNEUMOCOCCAL CARRIAGE IN CHILDREN IN SLOVENIA IN 2025 – PRELIMINARY RESULTS (ESPID 2026) - "Background In Slovenia, pneumococcal vaccination was introduced in 2015 with PCV10, changed to PCV13 in 2019 and subsequently to PCV20 during 2025...In vaccinated children, PCV20-only and non-vaccine types predominate. PCR detection will provide better insight into carriage in preschool children in Slovenia."

Clinical • Infectious Disease • Pneumococcal Infections

CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INSIGHTS INTO PNEUMOCOCCAL MENINGITIS: A TWO-DECADE STUDY IN BRAZILIAN CHILDREN (ESPID 2026) - "The rise in incidence and complications during the pandemic may reflect shifts toward non-PCV10 serotypes, potentially more virulent, though no ceftriaxone resistance was detected. Strengthening vaccination strategies, antimicrobial stewardship, and early identification of high-risk cases is essential to improve outcomes."

Clinical • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Pneumococcal Infections

EVALUATING SEASONAL IMPACTS OF IMPLEMENTING THE PEDIATRIC 20-VALENT PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE ON HEALTHCARE SYSTEM CAPACITY IN FINLAND (ESPID 2026) - "Historically, the Finnish pediatric National Immunization Program utilized the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) but is transitioning to PCV13...Similar trends were observed for PCV15 compared to PCV13, however PCV20 resulted in greater reductions in hospitalizations and hospital days. Conclusions/Learning Points PCV20 implementation in Finland could meaningfully reduce hospitalized pneumococcal disease and increase hospital capacity, particularly during seasons of peak transmission."

Clinical • Infectious Disease • Pneumococcal Infections

Low birthweight and prematurity, but not malaria chemoprevention, are associated with reduced pneumococcal vaccine immunogenicity in Ugandan infants. (PubMed, medRxiv) - P3 | "In this malaria-endemic setting, early-life malaria exposure and chemoprevention did not measurably alter PCV-10 antibody responses. However, low birthweight and prematurity were associated with reduced vaccine immunogenicity."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Malaria • Pneumococcal Infections

Clonal expansion of global pneumococcal sequence cluster 3 within serotype 8 after 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction, South Africa. (PubMed, Microb Genom) - "Predictions showed sustained increases over time. Since South Africa switched to a lower-valency PCV10 (Pneumosil, Serum Institute of India) that does not include serotype 8 in 2024, continued surveillance will be crucial to inform PCV policy-making."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia

Effectiveness of the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PCV10) against hypoxic pneumonia in children in Maha Sarakham Province, Thailand. (PubMed, Hum Vaccin Immunother) - "In conclusion, PCV10 vaccination was associated with a reduced risk of hypoxic pneumonia among Thai children. These findings support the integration of PCVs into national immunization programs and underscore the importance of achieving and maintaining high vaccine coverage to prevent severe pediatric pneumonia."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Pediatrics • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Sustained and indirect effects of PCV10 reduced-dose schedules on pneumococcal carriage in Viet Nam: a long-term follow-up of a cluster-randomised controlled trial. (PubMed, Lancet Infect Dis) - P4 | "The 1p + 1 schedule remained non-inferior to standard three-dose schedules after 5·5 years. Across all intervention groups, VT carriage proportion declined at comparable rates in vaccinated children and unvaccinated adult caregivers, demonstrating that reduced-dose schedules can generate population-level indirect protection similar to standard schedules. These findings are most applicable to settings with established pneumococcal conjugate vaccine programmes following a catch-up campaign, and support 1p + 1 as a viable strategy for maintaining pneumococcal disease control while reducing programmatic costs and delivery complexity."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumococcal Infections

Distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotypes in Nasopharyngeal Carriage Among Children in Indonesia and Estimated Coverage of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines: A Systematic Review. (PubMed, Vaccines (Basel)) - "Pooled serotype prevalence is calculated; vaccine coverage estimated for pneumococcal conjugate vaccines containing 10 (PCV10), 13 (PCV13), 15 (PCV15), and 20 (PCV20) serotypes assuming vaccine-type priority in multicolonization... The dominant serotypes largely included in PCV13. Active surveillance is required to monitor serotype shifts and ensure the long-term effectiveness of the national vaccination program."

Journal • Review • Infectious Disease • Otorhinolaryngology • Pediatrics • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia

SEROTYPE PATTERNS AMONG FATAL STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN UNDER FIVE USING POST-MORTEM SAMPLING FROM CHILD HEALTH AND MORTALITY PREVENTION SURVEILLANCE (CHAMPS), 2017-2023 (ISPPD 2026) - "Serotypes were classified hierarchically: first PCV10 (Synflorix), then additional PCV13 serotypes, and remaining vaccine-type serotypes as PCV20-only. Serotypes only covered by PCV20 accounted for 11.1% (n=12), most commonly 12F/44 (n=3,25%) and 15B/C (n=3,25%). Conclusions Most fatal pneumococcal infections at CHAMPS sites were caused by non-vaccine serotypes, and based on this small sample, PCV20 would provide only limited additional protection against fatal disease."

Clinical • Infectious Disease • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia

IMPACT OF PCV INTRODUCTION ON PNEUMOCOCCAL MORTALITY IN CHILDREN UNDER FIVE: A MULTI-COUNTRY DIFFERENCE-IN-DIFFERENCES ANALYSIS (2007–2019) (ISPPD 2026) - "As UNICEF/JME reports PCV coverage without distinguishing between vaccine products (PCV10 vs PCV13), heterogeneity by vaccine type could not be assessed...Conclusions PCV introduction is associated with substantial and sustained reductions in under-five SPN mortality across LMICs. Achieving and maintaining high PCV coverage remains essential for maximizing pneumonia prevention and strengthening long-term population-level impact."

Clinical • Infectious Disease • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

THREE DECADES OF PNEUMOCOCCAL POPULATION DYNAMICS IN INDIA: A GENOMIC PERSPECTIVE (ISPPD 2026) - "Background Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a major cause of invasive disease among Indian children, despite phased introduction of PCV13 into the routine immunization program in 2017 and its subsequent replacement by Pneumosil in 2021...Conclusions Limited vaccine coverage and rising antibiotic use in India contribute to the persistence of vaccine serotypes and the spread of multidrug-resistant pneumococcal lineages. Because serotype persistence is also influenced by immunological factors, ongoing genomic surveillance with seroprevalence studies is essential to monitor emerging serotypes across India."

Clinical • Infectious Disease • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia