KW-0 / Beijing Kawin - LARVOL DELTA

Potential for AI as first reader in lung cancer screening. (PubMed, Eur J Radiol) - "AI reading showed comparable sensitivity but lower specificity than human reading. High NPV of AI may support its use as a first reader in LCS."

Journal • Lung Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Molecular and Drug Resistance Characteristics of Haemophilus influenzae Carried by Pediatric Patients with Adenoid Hypertrophy. (PubMed, Microorganisms) - "BLPAR NTHi strains of CC11 are major epidemic strains in pediatric AH. Imipenem resistance in H. influenzae likely results from porin mutations rather than carbapenemase activity. Enhanced surveillance of H. influenzae's role in AH and its resistance patterns is warranted."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Pediatrics • Respiratory Diseases

Reproducibility of ultrasound and CEAP classification to describe possible chronic venous disorders in the legs. (PubMed, Biomed Phys Eng Express) - "Regarding CEAP, classifications agreed with 76% (test-retest, kw=0.71) and 63% (inter-rater, kw=0.63)...Study results indicated that when considering recommendations for standardization, a high reproducibility of DUS and CEAP classification can be achieved. In future epidemiological field studies, using several raters evaluating the same ultrasound images and finding consensus in case of disagreement seems reasonable."

Journal

An education-based intervention investigating the accuracy of community-based optometrists evaluating limbal anterior chamber depth. (PubMed, Eye (Lond)) - "The 4-point LACD grading scale would be more applicable for a case-finding setting. An accessible EP improved agreement and specificity using the joint Royal College of Ophthalmologists/College of Optometrists PAC referral threshold. This EP may reduce false positive PAC referrals and could be rapidly disseminated to CBO. Further research is needed to assess real-world PAC referrals after an education intervention."

Journal • Ophthalmology

Generative pre-trained transformer (GPT)-4 support for differential diagnosis in neuroradiology. (PubMed, Quant Imaging Med Surg) - "Agreement between GPT-4 and the neuroradiologists, and among the neuroradiologists was fair to moderate [Cohen's kappa (kw) 0.34-0.44 and kw 0.39-0.54, respectively]. GPT-4 shows potential as a support tool for differential diagnosis in neuroradiology, though it was outperformed by human experts. Radiologists should remain mindful to the limitations of LLMs, while harboring their potential to enhance educational and clinical work."

Journal

The Victimization Experience Schedule: Assessing the impact of sub-traumatic events in fibromyalgia (IASP 2024) - " We observed excellent inter-rater reliability (Kw=0.90-0.99)... Our study highlights the importance of the VES in assessing VEs in the context of fibromyalgia syndrome. These experiences range from traumatic to sub-traumatic and are associated with post-traumatic stress and clinical symptoms, reinforcing the essential role of the VES as an assessment tool."

CNS Disorders • Depression • Fibromyalgia • Major Depressive Disorder • Mood Disorders • Musculoskeletal Pain • Pain • Post-traumatic Stress Disorder • Psychiatry • Rheumatology

Unresolved mystery of cyclic nucleotide second messengers, periplasmic acid phosphatases and bacterial natural competence. (PubMed, Microb Cell) - "We recently characterized the competitive inhibition of cyclic AMP (cAMP) on three periplasmic acid phosphatases, AphAHi, NadNHi, and eP4 (HelHi), in Haemophilus influenzae Rd KW20...In contrast, both cUMP and cCMP stimulate AphAHi's phosphatase activity in a concentration dependent manner. Collectively, these data imply a complicated connection between nucleotide metabolism, AphA, cyclic purine and pyrimidine nucleotides in bacterial nutrient uptake and natural competence."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Respiratory Diseases

Substitutions in the nonactive site of the passenger domain on the activity of Haemophilus influenzae immunoglobulin A1 protease. (PubMed, Infect Immun) - "Functional complementation assays revealed that the Asn914Lys substitution increased IgA1 protease activity in the Rd KW20 strain. This study identified substitutions in the nonactive site of the passenger domain that affect both the activity and stability of H. influenzae IgA1 protease."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Respiratory Diseases

Validity and Reliability of the Swedish Version of the Gugging Swallowing Screen for use in Acute Stroke Care. (PubMed, Dysphagia) - "The inter-rater agreement for GUSS-S was substantial (Kw=0.67, P = < 0.001). The results indicate that the GUSS-S is a valid and reliable tool for the assessment of dysphagia in acute stroke patients by different healthcare professionals."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Gastrointestinal Disorder

Evaluation of the Implementation of a Clinically Based Procedures Module for Pediatric Residents in Training (PAS 2024) - "Comfort change for procedures from intervention to control groups as follow: peripheral intravenous insertion 0.75 vs 0.25 (KW=0.861, p=0.353), nasogastric tube insertion 0.63 vs 0.36 (KW=0.916, p=0.339), lumbar puncture 0.50 vs 0.63 (KW=0.059, p=0.808), suturing 0.39 vs 0.25 (unable to calculate KW/p), splinting 0.38 vs 0.08 (KW=0.561, p=0.454), incision and drainage 0 vs 0.64 (KW=1.205, p=0.272), intubation -0.25 vs 0.04 (KW=1.401, p=0.237), umbilical venous catheter insertion 0.38 vs 0.08 (KW=0.599, p=0.439), umbilical arterial catheter insertion 0.13 vs 0.25 (KW=0.196, p=0.658), intraosseous insertion 0 vs -0.25 (KW=0.679, p=0.41), and foley insertion 0.25 vs 0.25 (KW=0.016, p=0.899)... Of the 55 residents in our program 19 successfully completed both surveys. Of those, 8 participated in the procedure module and 11 did not. 230 procedures were performed by residents completing the procedure elective, averaging 28.8 procedures per participant."

Clinical • Pediatrics

Multiple interspecies recombination events documented by whole-genome sequencing in multidrug-resistant Haemophilus influenzae clinical isolates. (PubMed, Access Microbiol) - "All three isolates were sequenced by WGS and mapped to the reference isolate Hi Rd KW20...The three isolates were multidrug resistant and two of them were also resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and showed a reduced susceptibility to meropenem...The Hi evolution towards antimicrobial multiresistance (AMR) is a complex and poorly understood phenomenon, although probably linked to a large degree to the presence of USSs and exchange within the family Pasteurellaceae. To better understand the respective roles of clonal expansion, horizontal gene transfers, spontaneous mutations and interspecies genetic rearrangements in shaping Hi AMR, both analysis of Hi communities over time within individuals and worldwide monitoring of non-typeable Hi causing infections should be conducted."

Journal • Gene Therapies • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Respiratory Diseases

cAMP competitively inhibits periplasmic phosphatases to coordinate nutritional growth with competence of Haemophilus influenzae. (PubMed, J Biol Chem) - "Development of competence by Haemophilus influenzae strain Rd KW20 is stimulated by cAMP and inhibited by purine nucleotides, respectively...Finally, cAMP restored the competence inhibited by GMP in a dose-dependent manner, but not competence inhibited by guanosine. Altogether, we uncovered these three periplasmic phosphatases as the key players underlying the antagonistic effects of cAMP and purine nucleotides on both cell growth and competence development of H. influenzae."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Respiratory Diseases

IMPACT OF READING TIME ON RELIABILITY OF RADIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT TO IDENTIFY PROGRESSIVE PULMONARY FIBROSIS (BTS WM 2023) - "Observer agreement improved for all readers with detailed review (Kw 0.5–0.67 [rapid review] versus Kw 0.52–0.77 [detailed review])...In this study, a more detailed review led to an increase in the proportion of cases categorised as PPF and improvements in observer agreement. Observer agreement and the extent of FVC decline increased when comparing CTs 2 years apart compared to 1 year."

Fibrosis • Immunology • Interstitial Lung Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Amino acid substitutions in the region between RpoB clusters II and III on rifampin susceptibility in Haemophilus influenzae. (PubMed, Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis) - "Our findings indicate that L672F substitution in the region between RpoB clusters II and III has an aggravating effect on rifampin resistance in H. influenzae."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Respiratory Diseases

Reliability of the Japanese version of the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale: A pilot study (ASA 2023) - "The internal consistency was 0.954 with Cronbach's alpha, and the inter-rater reliability was moderate to very good with weighted kappa (entrance: Kw:0.420-0.914, induction: Kw: 0.505-0.92). The Japanese version of m-YPAS was sufficiently reliable."

Clinical • Anesthesia • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

NMR Shows Why a Small Chemical Change Almost Abolishes the Antimicrobial Activity of Glycocin F. (PubMed, Biochemistry) - "Glycocin F (GccF), a ribosomally synthesized, post-translationally modified peptide secreted by Lactobacillus plantarum KW30, rapidly inhibits the growth of susceptible bacteria at nanomolar concentrations...1.5 nM). A comparison of the GccF NMR structure (PDB 8DFZ) with that of the native protein (PDB 2KUY) showed a marked difference in the orientation and mobility of the loop, as well as a markedly different positioning of the GlcNAc, suggesting that loop conformation, dynamics, and glycan presentation play an important role in the interaction of GccF with as yet unknown but essential physiological target molecules."

Journal

Multiplatform Metabolomics Characterization Reveals Novel Metabolites and Phospholipid Compositional Rules of Haemophilus influenzae Rd KW20. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "Additionally, we comprehensively characterized and evaluated the quantitative composition of the phospholipidome of H. influenzae, revealing that the fatty acyl chain composition is largely independent of the lipid class, as well as that the probability distribution of phospholipids is mostly related to the conditional probability distribution of individual acyl chains. This finding enabled us to provide a rationale for the observed phospholipid profiles and estimate the abundance of low-level species, permitting the expansion of the phospholipidome characterization through predictive probabilistic modelling."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Respiratory Diseases

Assessing Oral Epithelial Dysplasia Risk for Transformation to Cancer: Comparison Between Histologic Grading Systems Versus S100A7 Immunohistochemical Signature-based Grading. (PubMed, Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol) - "In contrast, the S100A7 immunohistochemical signature-based grading system showed almost perfect inter-observer agreement (Kw=0.892) and was a good indicator of transformation to cancer (P=0.047 and 0.030). The inherent grading challenges with oral epithelial dysplasia grading systems and the lack of meaningful prediction of transformation to carcinoma highlights the significant need for a more objective, quantitative, and reproducible risk assessment tool such as the S100A7 immunohistochemical signature-based system."

Journal • Head and Neck Cancer • Oncology • Oral Cancer • Solid Tumor • Squamous Cell Carcinoma • Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck

Comparison of 2-Field and 5-Field Mydriatic Handheld Retinal Imaging in a Community-Based Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Program. (PubMed, Ophthalmologica) - "Mydriatic 2F and 5F handheld imaging have substantial agreement in assessing severity of DR. However, the use of mydriatic 2F handheld imaging only meets the minimum standards for sensitivity and specificity for refDR but not for vtDR. When using handheld cameras, the addition of peripheral fields in 5F imaging further refines the referral approach by decreasing ungradable rate and increasing sensitivity for vtDR."

Journal • Diabetes • Diabetic Retinopathy • Metabolic Disorders • Retinal Disorders

Evaluation of diabetic retinopathy severity on ultrawide field colour images compared with ultrawide fluorescein angiograms. (PubMed, Br J Ophthalmol) - "When evaluating UWF-FA images using the ETDRS colour severity scale, DRSS is graded as more severe in a substantial number of eyes than when evaluating UWF-CI. It is uncertain how the DRSS levels using UWF-FA translate to clinical outcomes, but the additional lesions detected might provide added prognostic value. These and other recent data emphasise the need of obtaining outcome data based on UWF-FA and the potential need to develop DRSS specifically tailored for UWF-FA images."

Journal • Diabetes • Diabetic Retinopathy • Metabolic Disorders • Retinal Disorders

Comparison of serum levels of collagen type I turnover markers in early-onset preeclampsia and healthy pregnant women. (PubMed, Folia Med (Plovdiv)) - "There were no statistically significant differences between levels of PINP, PICP and MMP-1 in the sera of women with preeclampsia and healthy pregnancies: 16.991 (15.41÷21.143) vs. 17.189 (15.805÷20.747) µg/L (KW=0.02; p>0.05), 10.929 (8.7÷13.937) vs. 11.474 (7.369÷11.932) µg/L (KW=0.026; p>0.05), and 2.097 (1.384÷2.923) vs. 2.589 (1.41÷4.533) µg/L (KW=0.238; p>0.05), respectively. There were statistically significantly higher number of patients from the preeclampsia group than healthy pregnant women with BMI≥25 (23/32 vs. 4/22) and abnormal UAD (18/32 vs. 2/22) (p."

Biomarker • Journal • Gynecology • MMP1

The Interobserver and Intraobserver Agreements on HEAD-US in the assessment of Hemophilic Arthropathy (ISTH 2022) - "The number of joint bleedings in the right knee and ankle joints was significantly higher at the T2 than at the T1 (p < 0.05). The score of HJHS in the right ankle joint was significantly higher at T1 than at T2 (p < 0.05). Intraobserver agreement of radiologists was ranged from moderate (Kw=0.46) to good (Kw=0.75) for scoring synovitis, cartilage, and bone damages in 14 (78%) of 18 joints."

Hematological Disorders • Hemophilia • Rare Diseases • Rheumatology

Gut Bacterial Changes Related to the Efficacy of Viroimmunotherapy Against Glioblastoma (ASM Microbe 2022) - "However, there were significant differences in bacterial diversity between the Naïve and PBS groups (KW=0.03); highlighting the role tumor presence has in modifying the gut biota. Our preliminary results suggest the important role bacterial communities may play in the efficacy of viroimmunotherapy against glioblastoma. Increase in gut microbes such as Bifidobacterium has been related with a better response to Delta-24-RGDOX, highlighting the benefits that gut microbiome modulation may have in influencing final clinical outcome."

Clinical • Oncolytic virus • Brain Cancer • Glioblastoma • Glioma • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Functional and Structural Characterization of Diverse NfsB Chloramphenicol Reductase Enzymes from Human Pathogens. (PubMed, Microbiol Spectr) - "Phylogenetically diverse bacteria can carry out chloramphenicol reduction, but only a single enzyme has been described that efficiently catalyzes this reaction, the NfsB nitroreductase from Haemophilus influenzae strain KW20...By solving the high-resolution crystal structures of active chloramphenicol reductases, we identified residues important for this activity. Our work supports the hypothesis that housekeeping proteins possessing multiple activities can evolve into antibiotic resistance enzymes."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Translation and Transcultural Adaptation of the Wessex Head Injury Matrix, Italian Version: A Preliminary Report. (PubMed, Brain Sci) - "Inter-rater [Kw 0.80 (95% CI 0.75-0.84)] and test-retest reliability [Kw 0.77 (95% CI 0.72-0.81)] showed good values. WHIM total scores correlated significantly with total scores on the GCS (ρ = 0.776; p < 0.001) and the CRS-R (ρ = 0.881; p < 0.001) demonstrating concurrent validity; The Italian version of the scale is now available for clinical practice and research."

Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Vascular Neurology