pentoxifylline / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Adverse effects of the PENTO(CLO) protocol in the prevention and management of iatrogenic head and neck bone necrosis in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. (PubMed, Support Care Cancer) - "The PENTO(CLO) protocols were associated with a 15% overall AE rate, predominantly gastrointestinal symptoms. AEs occurred more often during treatment and with the PENTOCLO regimen. These findings highlight the need for close monitoring and further studies to assess safety in MRONJ patients."

Adverse events • Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Oncology

Visible-light-induced C-H trifluoromethylation of several nitrogen heterocycles with CF3Br. (PubMed, Org Biomol Chem) - "A visible-light-induced effective strategy for C-H trifluoromethylation of several nitrogen heterocycles with CF3Br in the presence of 3DBA2FBN and K2CO3 has been developed, which efficiently provided trifluoromethylated nitrogen heterocycles, including indoles, imidazoles, indazoles, uracils, quinazolinones, quinoxalinones, pirfenidone, pentoxifylline, caffeine and theophylline, in good yields under mild conditions. The mechanism was proposed based on the control experiments. The protocol also has the advantages of good prospects for industrial applications, broad substrate scope and green energy sources."

Journal

Methylxanthine derivative, pentoxifylline attenuates inflammation via NF-κB and AP-1 pathway inhibition in murine macrophages. (PubMed, J Biosci Bioeng) - "Additionally, in the scratch assay, pentoxifylline exhibited a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in macrophage migration, supporting its role in inhibiting inflammation progression. These comprehensive multi-target anti-inflammatory effects of pentoxifylline support its promising potential for use as a therapeutic candidate for inflammatory diseases."

Journal • Preclinical • Inflammation • IL1B • IL6 • NOS2 • TNFA

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in patient with McCune-Albright syndrome: A rare case report. (PubMed, J Oral Maxillofac Pathol) - "The aim of this study was to present a rare case of MRONJ in a 29-year-old female patient with MAS, who had been receiving intravenous zoledronate for seven years and was submitted to the upper right impacted third molar removal. MRONJ remains a challenging condition with no standardized treatment protocol. In the present case, bone sequestrum removal combined with Platelet-Rich Fibrin and buccal fat pad grafting, along with pentoxifylline and tocopherol therapy, yielded positive outcomes."

Journal • Endocrine Disorders • Genetic Disorders • Pain • Rare Diseases

Triple-emulsion microfluidic Core-Shell hydrogel microcapsules for oral pentoxifylline Delivery: Ameliorating colitis and rebalancing gut microbiome. (PubMed, Mater Today Bio) - "Notably, PHM also contributes to the rebalancing of dysbiotic gut microbiota, including the restoration of beneficial genera such as Bacteroides acidifaciens and PAC001120_s, thereby promoting microbial homeostasis. Collectively, these findings underscore PHM as a promising PTX-based therapeutic strategy for effective IBD intervention."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Peripheral Arterial Disease • IL1B • IL6 • TNFA

Nephroprotective Effect of Pentoxifylline Against Cisplatin in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=90 | Completed | Sponsor: Tanta University | Not yet recruiting ➔ Completed | Trial completion date: Jun 2023 ➔ Jan 2026 | Trial primary completion date: May 2023 ➔ Jan 2026

Trial completion • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Head and Neck Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Pentoxifylline as a Steroid-Sparing Agent in Granuloma Annulare: A Rural Retrospective Study. (PubMed, J Drugs Dermatol) - "Generalized GA is more treatment-resistant and associated with a greater comorbidity burden. Pentoxifylline demonstrated favorable efficacy and may serve as a first-line systemic agent in refractory cases. Further multi-center studies are needed to validate these findings and guide evidence-based management of GA. &nbsp."

Journal • Retrospective data • Dermatology • Diabetes • Endocrine Disorders • Immunology • Metabolic Disorders • Pediatrics • Rare Diseases • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Integrative miRNA-mRNA Network and Molecular Dynamics-Based Identification of Therapeutic Candidates for Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria. (PubMed, Pharmaceuticals (Basel)) - "Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations showed stable binding of these potential drugs to the critical molecules, indicating a viable molecular interaction foundation. Leflunomide, Dipyridamole, and Pentoxifylline may serve as promising therapeutic agents for PNH, and the hsa-miR-23a-3p/CXCL8 regulatory axis could play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of PNH."

Journal • Aplastic Anemia • Cardiovascular • Complement-mediated Rare Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria • Rare Diseases • Thrombosis • CXCL12 • CXCL8 • HES1 • MIR23A

Pentoxifylline and Long-Term Risk of Keloid Formation: A Real-World 10-Year Outcomes Study Using TriNetX. (PubMed, J Am Acad Dermatol) - No abstract available

Journal • Real-world evidence • Fibrosis • Immunology

Short- and Middle-Term Nephroprotective and Cardioprotective Effects of Pentoxifylline in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. (PubMed, Med Sci (Basel)) - "Conclusions. Pentoxifylline is a safe and effective treatment with combined Nephroprotective and Cardioprotective effects in advanced diabetic nephropathy."

Clinical • Journal • Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • Congestive Heart Failure • Diabetes • Diabetic Nephropathy • Heart Failure • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Renal Disease • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus • CST3

P4-PACIFIC: Pneumonitis Prevention Protocol Using Pentoxifylline and α-tocopherol In Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemoradiation (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=150 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: University Health Network, Toronto | Trial completion date: Nov 2031 ➔ Nov 2032 | Trial primary completion date: Nov 2030 ➔ Nov 2031

Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Lung Cancer • Non Small Cell Lung Cancer • Oncology • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases • Solid Tumor

Effects of ABC transporter polymorphism on the pharmacokinetics of pentoxifylline and its active metabolites in healthy Chinese subjects. (PubMed, Eur J Clin Pharmacol) - "The ABCB1 3435C>T and 2677G>T/A polymorphisms are associated with variations in the pharmacokinetics of PTX and its active metabolites."

Journal • PK/PD data • ABCB1 • ABCC2 • ABCG2

Pentoxifylline in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=60 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Ihab Elsayed Hassan

New P2 trial • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Ulcerative Colitis

Management of Sudden Onset Sensorineural Hearing Loss and the Role of Pentoxyphylline as an Add-on Therapy to Conventional Treatment. (PubMed, Cell Physiol Biochem) - "Pentoxifylline may enhance hearing recovery when combined with antiviral and steroid therapy in SSNHL, especially when administered early. Intratympanic dexamethasone and MRI are recommended for non-responders."

Clinical • Journal • Otorhinolaryngology

Impact of Evolving Evidence on Pharmacological Therapy for Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis in Alberta: A Population-Based Study of Practice Trends and MELD-Stratified Effectiveness of Corticosteroids. (PubMed, Aliment Pharmacol Ther) - "RCT evidence led to a rapid reversal in PTX prescribing prior to formal guideline updates. Real-world data support a modest short-term benefit of CS and illustrate the potential of target trial emulation to assess treatment effectiveness in specific groups of patients."

Journal • Inflammation

Has the time come to change the treatment criteria for patients with chronic kidney disease? The "hypofiltering nephron" hypothesis. (PubMed, Front Nephrol) - No abstract available

Journal • Atherosclerosis • Chronic Kidney Disease • Glomerulonephritis • Nephrology • Renal Disease

Isolated trigeminal sensory neuropathy in a patient with mixed connective tissue disease: A diagnostic challenge (EHF-EHC 2025) - "Chronic medication included gabapentin 100mg three times daily, prednisolone 10mg, hydroxychloroquine 400mg, aspirin 150mg, pentoxifylline 400mg, nifedipine 20mg, furosemide, tadalafil and ambrisentan. This case highlights the importance of considering autoimmune mechanisms in isolated trigeminal neuropathies, especially in patients with systemic connective tissue disease. EMG may assist in detecting trigeminal dysfunction, and intrathecal autoantibodies, even without structural lesions, support an immune-mediated process and underscore the value of CSF analysis in atypical neurological presentations."

Clinical • Cardiovascular • Immunology • Melanoma • Pain • Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Rheumatology • Solid Tumor

Pentoxifylline on Inflammatory Markers in Non-Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease Patients (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=42 | Completed | Sponsor: Ain Shams University

New trial • Chronic Kidney Disease • Nephrology • Renal Disease

Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-apoptotic Effects of Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors Against Streptozocin-induced Diabetic Nephropathy. (PubMed, In Vivo) - "The tested PDEIs, pentoxifylline, sildenafil, and milrinone, exhibit significant anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, highlighting their potential in slowing the progression of diabetic nephropathy."

IO biomarker • Journal • B Cell Lymphoma • Diabetes • Diabetic Nephropathy • Lymphoma • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Oncology • Renal Disease • BAX • IL6 • TNFA

Addition of cholesterol linked to cyclodextrin in processing of cryopreserved equine spermatozoa and addition of motility stimulants post-thaw. (PubMed, J Equine Vet Sci) - "Supplementation with 1.5 mg of CLC before freezing improved initial post-thaw motility without affecting mitochondrial activity or membrane organization. Post-thaw FT enhanced velocity-related parameters and supported sperm functional longevity. The combined approach may represent a practical strategy to optimize the post-thaw performance of stallion semen."

Journal

Treatment protocol for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: stages I and II-based on a pharmacological and surgical scheme. (PubMed, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol) - "This study contributes with patient-based evidence to support the interdisciplinary management of MRONJ. The combination of surgical treatment, PRF, and PenTo may serve to optimize and enhance clinical strategies for this condition."

Journal • Osteoporosis • Rheumatology

Radiation-Induced Fibrosis (RIF) in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC): A Review. (PubMed, Cells) - "Frontline treatment consists of an anti-inflammatory agent, pentoxifylline, in combination with an antioxidant, Vitamin E, (PENTOX) along with palliative care agents such as corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, muscle relaxants (i.e., botulinum toxin A), or physical therapy for alleviation of symptoms such as pain, inflammation, and lymphedema...Furthermore, experimental investigations into natural antioxidants, anti-fibrotic agents approved for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, mesenchymal stem cell therapy, and general nutritional support, indicate anti-RIF potential, but studies in HNSCC specifically are lacking. This review aims to characterize the pathogenesis of RIF development in the HNSCC disease setting and summarize promising anti-fibrotic agents under investigation for radiation-induced toxicities."

Journal • Review • Fibrosis • Head and Neck Cancer • Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis • Immunology • Oncology • Pain • Palliative care • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Solid Tumor • Squamous Cell Carcinoma • Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck

The pentoxifylline and tocopherol protocol and its use in the management of osteoradionecrosis of the jaws: A scoping review. (PubMed, J Am Dent Assoc) - "The authors emphasized the need for a well-formulated, multidisciplinary, double-blinded, prospective, randomized clinical trial to investigate the use of the PENTO protocol in the prevention and management of ORN of the jaws. Determining the most effective PENTO regimen will maximize patient healing and minimize morbidity."

Clinical • Journal • Review • Fibrosis • Head and Neck Cancer • Immunology • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Pentoxifylline in Diabetic Kidney Disease (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=2376 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: VA Office of Research and Development | Recruiting ➔ Active, not recruiting

Enrollment closed • Diabetic Nephropathy • Nephrology • Renal Disease

Sickle cell disease presenting with chronic lower extremity ulcers (ASH 2025) - "Additionally, therapies for SCD, like hydroxyurea, can lead to ulcers by causing epidermal toxicity, altering microcirculation, and inducing tissue anoxia...Newer modalities of treatment, like glycosaminoglycans, growth factors, skin grafting, zinc, L-carnitine, and pentoxifylline, are mostly anecdotal and lack robust evidence...Conclusions Managing LEU in patients with SCD requires a multidisciplinary approach with meticulous wound care, appropriate pharmacotherapy, and addressing comorbid conditions to prevent recurrence, delayed wound healing, and profound impact on quality of life. Further research is necessary to establish more effective treatment protocols and reduce the burden of this debilitating complication."

Cardiovascular • Complement-mediated Rare Disorders • Diabetes • Genetic Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Hepatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Mood Disorders • Peripheral Arterial Disease • Peripheral Neuropathic Pain • Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Retinal Disorders • Sickle Cell Disease • Vasculitis • BMP6 • HP