pentoxifylline / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Pentoxifylline and Lumbar Radiculopathy (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=67 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: St Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon | Trial completion date: Dec 2024 ➔ Dec 2026

Trial completion date • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Musculoskeletal Pain

New insights into pentoxifylline and α-lipoic acid: Co-administration with clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction in anovulatory women with polycystic ovary syndrome. (PubMed, Clin Exp Reprod Med) - P2 | "Co-administration of PTX with CC significantly improved the ovulation rate, pregnancy rate, ET, and ovarian response to stimulation in patients with anovulatory PCOS. This combination may provide an effective, affordable, and safe treatment protocol for women with CC-resistant PCOS."

Journal • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Rhythms Under Tension: Circadian Clocks in an Unsynced Society. (PubMed, Biomed J) - "Original research highlights the influence of corticosterone on white adipose tissue expansion in mice and challenges the assumed protective role of pentoxifylline against diabetic retinopathy in patients with chronic kidney disease and diabetes...Two studies on hidradenitis suppurativa are included: one linking the condition to an increased risk of migraine in women, and another examining its association with alopecia areata. The issue concludes with two letters to the editor on the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on erythrocyte biology, along with a request for further clarification, which is addressed in detail."

Journal • Alopecia • Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • CNS Disorders • Colorectal Cancer • Dermatology • Diabetes • Diabetic Retinopathy • Hidradenitis Suppurativa • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Migraine • Myocardial Infarction • Nephrology • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Oncology • Overactive Bladder • Pain • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Retinal Disorders • Sleep Disorder • Solid Tumor

Colo-Protective Effects of Pentoxifylline Alone or in Combination With Mesalamine in Colitis Through Sphingosine Kinase 1/Sphingosine 1 Phosphate, and Zonula Occuldin 1 Pathways: New Molecular Approach. (PubMed, Pharmacol Res Perspect) - "The combination treatment group exhibited near-complete restoration of normal colonic architecture, characterized by intact crypt morphology and minimal fibrosis in the lamina propria. PTX attenuated inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in colitis, supporting its potential as an adjuvant therapy in UC management."

Journal • Fibrosis • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Ulcerative Colitis • AMPK • CASP3 • HMOX1 • IL6 • NFE2L2 • NLRP3 • SPHK1 • STAT3 • TJP1

First insight on the effective removal of pentoxifylline drug under visible-light-driven irradiation with ZnO catalyst obtained via precipitation. (PubMed, J Environ Manage) - "Density functional theory calculations were further used to understand the initial steps in the degradation process of PTX concerning its ability to be adsorbed on electron-rich (conduction band) and hole sites (valence band). Finally, phytotoxicity tests confirmed a consistent decrease in toxicity in photocatalytically treated solutions, highlighting that the ZnO_450/vis setup is a promising option for the removal of emerging water contaminants."

Journal

Management of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Multiple Myeloma Patients With Pentoxifylline and Tocopherol: Case Reports. (PubMed, Case Rep Dent) - "Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a well-known side effect of bone-modifying agents such as antiresorptive medications including pamidronic and zoledronic acids (intravenous bisphosphonates) and denosumab (anti-RANK ligand humanized monoclonal antibody)...In this report, two multiple myeloma patients with longstanding advanced-stage MRONJ were successfully managed with combined pentoxifylline-tocopherol treatment pre- and postextraction/sequestrectomy. In conclusion, based on this report and other published reports, it appears that the use of combined pentoxifylline-tocopherol protocol in the management of MRONJ is effective."

Journal • Hematological Malignancies • Mood Disorders • Multiple Myeloma • Oncology

Targeting the p38MAPK/STAT3/NF-κB65 pathway modulates the hepatoprotective effect of pentoxifylline against sodium valproate-induced liver injury in rats; A study based on integrating network pharmacology and experiment validation. (PubMed, Tissue Cell) - "In vivo experiments demonstrated that PTX hindered MAPK P38/STAT3/NF-κB-related pathways' activation, diminished oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammatory response, and substantially ameliorated SVP-induced liver injury. The network pharmacology study concluded that the MAPK P38/STAT3/NF-κB pathway plays a role in PTX protective effect against SVP-induced liver injuries, as demonstrated by the in vivo experiment results."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Hepatology • Inflammation • Liver Failure • BCL2 • IL6

"The Role of Venoactive Compounds in the Treatment of Chronic Venous Disease". (PubMed, J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord) - "The existing scientific evidence provides a strong rationale for incorporating VACs into a comprehensive treatment plan for CVD, alongside established interventional therapies and non-interventional approaches like compression, to optimize patient outcomes and improve quality of life."

Journal • Review • Inflammation • Pain • Venous Ulcer

Pentoxifylline uses in inner ear diseases. (PubMed, Eur J Clin Pharmacol) - "Pentoxifylline could improve inner ear vertigo and tinnitus. In ISSNHL, results are inconsistent in the context of spontaneous recovery rates, albeit leaning toward ineffectiveness. Over a variety of regimens, it sustained good safety. The rigor and designs of the reports could not produce robust recommendations."

Journal • Review • Otorhinolaryngology • Vertigo

Pharmacological alternatives to oxytetracycline as potential treatment of flexural limb deformities in foals: a preliminary in vitro cell viability and proliferation study. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "The myofibroblasts were incubated with oxytetracycline, the MMP-inhibitors incyclinide, ilomastat, aprotinin, pentoxifylline, the lathyrogenic agent β-aminopropionitrile fumarate and Dulbecco's modified eagle medium as control. The morphology and immunohistochemistry profile of the cultured cells was consistent with tendon and ligament myofibroblasts. All test substances were biocompatible, shown by the absence of significant differences with cells incubated with medium, demonstrating the absence of cytotoxic or anti-proliferative effect on juvenile myofibroblasts in the tested concentrations in this preliminary study."

Journal • Preclinical

Efficacy of administering pentoxifylline, tocopherol, with or without clodronate, to irradiated head and neck cancer patients with osteoradionecrosis (ESTRO 2025) - "PENTOCLO demonstrates high rates of clinical improvement or stabilization in head and neck cancer patients with ORN. Deterioration-free survival rates at 2 to 3 years are comparable regardless of its use as first-line or subsequent-line therapy. These findings support the utility of PENTOCLO as an effective management strategy for ORN, though further prospective studies are warranted."

Clinical • Head and Neck Cancer • Oncology • Oropharyngeal Cancer • Solid Tumor

MROSF: Metformin Repurposing in Oral Submucous Fibrosis: Unveiling In Vitro Signaling Pathways, Progressing to Clinical Trial (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1/2 | N=30 | Completed | Sponsor: Ziauddin University | Not yet recruiting ➔ Completed

Trial completion • Fibrosis • Immunology

Evaluation of Efficacy, Safety and Molecular Mechanism of Pentoxifylline Supplementation in Patients With Hepatic and Obstructive Jaundice (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=43 | Completed | Sponsor: Tanta University

New P3 trial • Hepatology

Pentoxifylline use in alcohol-associated hepatitis with acute kidney injury does not improve survival: a global study. (PubMed, eGastroenterology) - "Pentoxifylline showed no significant benefit on mortality in patients with sAH and AKI. Further studies are needed to refine treatment strategies for this high-risk group."

Journal • Acute Kidney Injury • Fibrosis • Gastroenterology • Hepatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Liver Cirrhosis • Nephrology • Oncology • Renal Disease • Transplantation

Targeting glial activation to mitigate mirror-image and extraterritorial neuropathic pain in a CCI model of neuropathic pain in male rats. (PubMed, Physiol Rep) - "Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups (8/group): sham, CCI + vehicle, CCI + minocycline (MIN;10 mg/kg), and CCI + pentoxifylline (PTX;8 mg/kg). These findings suggest that post-injury glial cell inhibition effectively mitigates neuropathic pain and prevents the development of MP and extraterritorial pain. This highlights the potential for clinical applications targeting glial cells to manage NP even after nerve injury."

Journal • Preclinical • Neuralgia • Pain • GFAP

Electrospun PCL membranes for localized drug delivery and bone regeneration. (PubMed, BMC Biotechnol) - "PCL-based electrospun membranes with therapeutic agents were successfully developed, exhibiting promising characteristics for localized drug delivery and tissue regeneration. These membranes showed comparable mechanical properties to commercial GBR/GTR membranes. Future research should focus on optimizing formulations and evaluating clinical efficacy."

Journal • Mood Disorders • Oncology • Osteoporosis

Efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with severe alcohol-related hepatitis or decompensated liver cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis (EASL 2025) - "Included studies involved adult patients with SAH or decompensated liver cirrhosis who received FMT versus SOC (nutritional support, lactulose and rifaximin, pentoxifylline, or corticosteroids). In patients with SAH/decompensated liver cirrhosis, FMT demonstrated short and long- term survival benefit over SOC. FMT use was also associated with lower rates of HE, ascites, and infection. To date, this is the most comprehensive systematic review that pooled efficacy and safety data related in FMT use in patients with SAH/chronic liver disease."

Retrospective data • Review • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • Fibrosis • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hepatic Encephalopathy • Hepatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Liver Cirrhosis • Liver Failure • Transplantation

Fecal microbiota transplantation is associated with improvement in survival compared to standard of care in severe alcoholic hepatitis: systematic review and meta-analysis (EASL 2025) - "FMT is a promising therapeutic option for improving short- and medium-term survival in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis, particularly for those who are ineligible or unresponsive to corticosteroid therapy."

Retrospective data • Review • Hepatology • Inflammation • Transplantation

Trends and Outcomes of Head and Neck Reconstruction of Osteoradionecrosis (COSM 2025) - "Variables of interest included prior management of ORN (vitamin E, trental, and HBO), smoking status, comorbidities including osteopenia/osteoporosis, diabetes, and hypothyroidism, RT dosing, time from RT to development of ORN, reconstructive tissue used for ORN resection (soft tissue vs bony reconstruction), and length of ischemia time during reconstruction... Our cohort demonstrates the heterogenous clinical course of ORN with no specific factor leading to a statistically significant impact on recurrence of ORN, fistula formation, or flap failure. Despite the evolution of complex reconstructive surgeries for patients with ORN, the optimal treatment option continues to be challenging and requires unique planning for each individual patient. Larger cohort studies are needed to understand the best long-term reconstructive paradigm for patients with ORN."

Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Endocrine Disorders • Head and Neck Cancer • Metabolic Disorders • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Oncology • Osteoporosis • Rheumatology • Solid Tumor

Emerging Medications in Facial Nerve Recovery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (COSM 2025) - "Nimodipine is not significantly associated with improved facial nerve recovery compared to controls. Pentoxifylline and extracellular vesicles may have some efficacy, but co-enzyme Q10 is not effective. Further research is required to uncover additional treatments."

Retrospective data • Review • CNS Disorders

Pentoxifylline in the Treatment of Peripheral Tissue Ischemia in Preterm Neonates: a New Adjuvant Therapy (PAS 2025) - "One patient received enoxaparin treatment, whereas the others received topical sildenafil applied to the gangrene-change region. Three preterm neonates (F:M=1:2) with gestational ages of 26, 26, and 29 weeks and birth weight of 770 g, 907 g and 1,702 g, respectively, were enrolled. Presentation of circulatory disturbance over the distal upper limbs, including pallor, coldness, and discoloration, followed by gangrene change, developed after arterial catheter placement in two cases, each occurring on days of life 9 and 13. The other case with gangrene changes over the left second to fourth fingers and left first to third toes was noticed 2 h after birth, without arterial catheter insertion over the distal limbs."

Clinical • Prematurity • Cardiovascular • Hematological Disorders • Retinal Disorders • Thrombocytopenia • Thrombosis

Clinical study to investigate the adjuvant role of Pentoxifylline in patients with Parkinson's disease: A randomized controlled study. (PubMed, Int Immunopharmacol) - P2 | "PTX may be suggested as a promising adjuvant anti-inflammatory medication for Parkinson's disease treatment."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Inflammation • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • AMPK • HMGB1 • mTOR

High-Intensity Interval Training Enhances the Positive Effect of Pentoxifylline on Lipid Profile and Inflammatory Markers in an Endometriosis Animal Model. (PubMed, Biomed Res Int) - "PTX significantly decreased lesion volume (p < 0.0001, CI =34.709-73.919) and TC (p = 0.016, CI = -45.153 to - 30.179). All interventions except MICT reduced lesion volume, whereas only HIIT+PTX and PTX, in the order of importance, improved some cardiovascular risk indices in the rat model of endometriosis."

Biomarker • Journal • Preclinical • Cardiovascular • Dyslipidemia • Endometriosis • Gynecology • Inflammation • Women's Health • CRP

Combined quercetin with phosphodiesterase inhibitors; sildenafil and pentoxifylline alleviated CCl4-induced chronic hepatic fibrosis: Role of redox-sensitive pathways. (PubMed, Food Chem Toxicol) - "The combination of QU with Sild or PTX proved more effective than single treatments, modulating anti-oxidant (Nrf2/HO-1/cytoglobin), anti-inflammatory (NF-κB/TNF-α), and hypoxic signaling pathways (HIF-1α). In conclusion, QU combined with phosphodiesterase inhibitors shows promise as a therapy for liver fibrosis, offering enhanced protection through anti-oxidants and anti-inflammatory mechanisms."

Journal • Fibrosis • Hepatology • Immunology • Inflammation • Liver Cirrhosis • CASP3 • HIF1A • IL1B • TNFA

Chemotherapy with a molecular rational basis, pentoxifylline as a promising antitumor drug. (PubMed, Ann Med Surg (Lond)) - "Furthermore there is a large body of experimental and clinical evidence of the beneficial effects of PTX in cancer therapy, either alone or in combination with antitumor drugs, sometimes even more effective than traditional chemotherapy regimens. However, it is necessary to carry out larger clinical trials in cancer patients to identify the benefits, adverse effects and even pharmacological interactions of PTX with current chemotherapy regimens and thus achieve a new drug repositioning that benefits our patients."

Journal • Review • Oncology