ropinirole IR / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Formation Mechanism of N-Despropyl Ropinirole in Ropinirole Hydrochloride Extended-Release Tablets: Nucleophilic Oxidation or Free Radical-Mediated Oxidation? (PubMed, Pharm Res) - "Degradation of ropinirole in the ropinirole hydrochloride extended-release tablets is most likely to proceed via a free radical-mediated oxidative pathway, rather than a nucleophilic oxidative pathway. The forced degradation experiment using H218O is consistent with the proposed free radical-mediated degradation mechanism. The source of the free radicals seems to originate from the two excipients, CMC-Na and HPMC. The results obtained in the current study would be quite beneficial for further improvement of the drug product in terms of controlling its major degradation pathway."

Journal

Efficacy of Clotiazepam for Respiratory Dyskinesia in a Patient With Parkinsonism: A Case Report. (PubMed, Cureus) - "These symptoms became prominent following the upward titration of a ropinirole patch to 24 mg/day. Although mirtazapine was subsequently added to address comorbid depressive symptoms, it failed to alleviate his respiratory distress...Our findings suggest that the anxiolytic and GABA-mediated muscle-relaxant properties of clotiazepam, combined with its favorable safety profile for the elderly due to its short half-life, may provide a useful and effective new therapeutic option for the management of refractory respiratory dyskinesia. Although the limitations of drawing conclusions from a single case must be acknowledged, these results warrant further large-scale prospective studies to validate the efficacy and safety of clotiazepam in this population."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Pulmonary Disease

Dopamine receptor subtypes modulate the excitability of dorsal root ganglion neurons. (PubMed, Neurosci Lett) - "Activation of D1-like receptors by SKF38393 caused a depolarizing shift in the action potential threshold in small sized DRGs whereas an increase in spike width was observed both in small and large sized DRG neurons, suggesting reduced excitability likely mediated through modulation of sodium channel activity, whereas activation of D2-like receptor by ropinirole reduced the action potential amplitude and modulated the repolarization dynamics in small sized DRGs, indicating potential involvement of Gi-coupled mechanisms affecting sodium and potassium currents. Together, these findings demonstrate subtype-specific modulation of DRG excitability by dopamine and highlight the peripheral dopaminergic system as a critical regulator of nociceptive signalling with potential implications for pain management."

Journal • Pain

Validation of a flow cytometric competitive efflux assay for assessing clinically important drugs as canine P-glycoprotein substrates. (PubMed, Am J Vet Res) - "Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) ratios 5 but 10 indicate strong P-gp substrates [loperamide (positive control), and moxidectin]. The competitive efflux assay is a useful tool for screening drugs as canine P-gp substrates. These results imply that P-gp-deficient dogs may be at increased risk of adverse effects if treated with apomorphine, capromorelin, enrofloxacin, or moxidectin, depending on the dose administered."

Journal

Delayed-onset Parkinsonism Following BCMA-directed CAR-T Therapy (AAN 2026) - "He received high-dose dexamethasone with a prednisone taper. He showed poor response to sequential monotherapies, including carbidopa/levodopa, carbidopa/levodopa plus entacapone, ropinirole and rotigotine. Combination therapy with rotigotine, amantadine, and levodopa induced hallucinations. Midodrine improved orthostasis, but overall pharmacological response was minimal... This case underscores MNT as a significant delayed complication of BCMA-directed CAR-T therapy, aligning with European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) guidelines. It emphasizes the need for extended neurological surveillance, recognition of limited dopaminergic therapy efficacy, early immunomodulatory interventions despite inconsistent results and involvement in registries to better elucidate prevalence, underlying mechanisms, and optimal management strategies."

IO biomarker • CNS Disorders • Depression • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hematological Malignancies • Hypotension • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Movement Disorders • Multiple Myeloma • Parkinson's Disease • Septic Shock

Consensus Molecules Associated with Parkinson's Disease. (PubMed, Neurol Int) - "Drugs include L-dopa (49%), carbidopa (63%), benserazide (50%), entacapone (74%), tolcapone (56%), rasagiline (76%), selegiline (46%), pargyline (4%), ropinirole (61%), pramipexole (56%), lisuride (27%), cabergoline (16%), bromocriptine (12%), and zonisamide (9%). Adjunctive therapies include droxidopa (33%), trihexyphenidyl (28%), biperiden (17%), amantadine (24%), memantine (7%), rivastigmine (13%), donepezil (6%), galantamine (4%), domperidone (6%), clonazepam (4%), tetrabenazine (16%), mazindol (13%), quetiapine (6%), and clozapine (4%). Contraindicated drugs include haloperidol (4%), sulpiride (3%), and methyldopa (6%)...Chemical inducers of PD include 6-hydroxydopamine (40%), N-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP, 78%), tetrahydropyridine (77%), probenecid (4%), quinolinic acid (4%), 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (TIQ, 16%), salsolinol (32%), rotenone (25%), and β-Methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA, 29%). Notably, our study highlights conditional essential..."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

The Challenge of Restless Leg Syndrome and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (co-rosa) in Hospitalized Patients on Ropinirole (ATS 2026) - No abstract available

Clinical • Movement Disorders • Obstructive Sleep Apnea • Respiratory Diseases • Restless Legs Syndrome • Sleep Disorder

UnaWireD-ROP: THE EFFECT OF ROPINIROLE ON FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY AND METACOGNITION IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS (clinicaltrialsregister.eu) - P2/3 | N=20 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Universita' Degli Studi Di Modena E Reggio Emilia

New P2/3 trial

Restless legs syndrome treatment - gabapentinoids or dopamine agonists? (PubMed, Neurol Neurochir Pol) - "The first-line treatment options with a "strong recommendation" are now gabapentinoids (gabapentin, gabapentin enacarbil, pregabalin) along with intravenous ferric carboxymaltose...In older patients with co-morbidities in whom gabapentinoids are not well tolerated it results in relatively high rates of withdrawal. In this point of view paper, we present our personal views (supported by clinical data) on the need for both groups of medications in clinical practice because none of them is free of potential side effects and may still be useful."

Journal • Movement Disorders • Restless Legs Syndrome • Sleep Disorder

D2Rs Agonist Ropinirole Cooperates with Metformin to Modulate Thermogenesis and Ameliorate Obesity-Related Metabolic Disorders in Mice. (PubMed, Diabetes Metab J) - "However, the drug combination did not exhibit any enhanced effect on cell thermogenesis and these proteins in vitro, whereas combination of norepinephrine and metformin-induced an additive upregulation of mitochondrial function-related proteins. Furthermore, pharmacological blockade of the β3 adrenergic receptor inhibited the energy expenditure induced by the combination treatment, etc. Our study underscores the combination of metformin and ropinirole-induced an amplified effectiveness in treating obesity-related metabolic disorders is dependent on the dopamine-control sympathetic nerve activity, and metformin acts directly on BAT and iWAT to improve mitochondrial function, which offering a new perspective for future clinical co-treatment of metabolic disorders with these two drugs."

Journal • Preclinical • Diabetes • Dyslipidemia • Genetic Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity

Drug-induced urinary incontinence in pediatric patients: A disproportionality analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System. (PubMed, Medicine (Baltimore)) - "Montelukast was the most frequently reported drug (91 cases), followed by risperidone (74 cases)...The top 3 drugs with the strongest signals were glipizide (ROR = 141.1, 95% CI 37.4-532.4; PRR = 102.9), ropinirole (ROR = 125.7, 95% CI 49.8-317.2; PRR = 94.5), and sodium oxybate (ROR = 19.8, 95% CI 15.1-26.0; PRR = 18.9). Twenty-two drugs, such as montelukast, sodium oxybate, and sertraline, had a higher risk of UI in children than in adults. We also discovered unexpected associations, such as miglustat, tisagenlecleucel, and vamorolone. This study systematically identified a range of drugs, including several unexpected ones, associated with PUI. These findings enhance the understanding of the safety profile of drugs associated with PUI and provide important insights for optimizing clinical practice in pediatrics."

Adverse events • Journal • Pediatrics • Urinary Incontinence • Urology

A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON ACCESSIBILITY, AFFORDABILITY, AND AVAILABILITY OF MEDICINES FOR PARKINSON (ADPD 2026) - "The most available medicines were for autonomic symptoms such as omeprazole (98.28%), sildenafil (89.7%), bisacodyl (84.5%), tadalafil (60.3%), and for psychiatric symptoms such as haloperidol (50%) and fluoxetine (48.3%). Among dopaminergic medicines, carbidopa/levodopa was always available in 19% of pharmacies, dopamine agonists in 13.8% (bromocriptine), 6.9% (cabergoline), and 1.7% (ropinirole), and monoamine oxidase B inhibitors in 1.72%...Affordable medicines were those always available in the reference public hospital pharmacy, such as the antipsychotics haloperidol and risperidone, the anticholinergic trihexyphenidyl, and the antidepressant fluoxetine... Similar to other low-income countries, there is poor access to PD medicines in Malawi`s pharmacies due to regulatory, supply chain, and financial barriers."

CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • COMT

Development of a 3D Printing Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)-Assisted Micromolding Methodology for Custom Fabrication of Polymeric Microneedles Using Experimental Design. (PubMed, Pharmaceutics) - "Representative designs were then loaded with Ropinirole Hydrochloride as a model drug and evaluated in relation to their morphology, drug content, skin insertion depth, and permeability...Additionally, tuning skin permeability was proven to be feasible by adjusting microneedle geometry. This work demonstrates the successful use of LCD 3D printing technology in producing biocompatible molds for customized microneedle fabrication, facilitating the development of transdermal delivery systems with personalized drug permeation profiles."

Journal

Muscle bursting and corticomotor excitability mark impaired impulse control in Parkinson's disease. (PubMed, NPJ Parkinsons Dis) - "Nineteen people with Parkinson's (PwPD) on ropinirole and 18 healthy older adults performed an impulse control task requiring response withholding and inhibition...During response inhibition, PwPD exhibited reduced CME suppression and increased muscle bursting, leading to delayed inhibition which was associated with problematic impulsive behaviours. The neurophysiological measures were associated with more advanced disease and may serve as early, objective markers of impulse control dysfunction, with future work required to assess their utility in predicting impulsive disorders."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Exploring the Pharmaceutical Significance and Analytical Landscape of Ropinirole: An In-Depth Review of an Indole-Based Dopaminergic Therapeutic Agent. (PubMed, Crit Rev Anal Chem) - "This review bridges pharmacological and analytical perspectives, advocating for next-generation platforms to enhance method sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility. Adopting validated, stability-indicating approaches will strengthen regulatory acceptance and improve therapeutic monitoring and quality control (QC) for ropinirole formulations."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Restless Legs Syndrome • Sleep Disorder • CYP1A2

Drug discovery research with the iPSC models of neurodegenerative diseases. (PubMed, Neurosci Res) - "In addition, clinical trials based on research with iPSCs have been conducted: bosutinib, ropinirole and ezogabine for ALS, WVE-004 and BIIB078 for ALS with frontotemporal dementia (ALS/FTD), and bromocriptine for familial AD. Finally, we also wish to mention screening studies utilizing artificial intelligence (AI)."

Journal • Review • Alzheimer's Disease • Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis • CNS Disorders • Dementia • Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration

A Restless Drug: Ropinirole-Induced Pancreatitis in a RLS Patient (ACG 2025) - "Timely identification and withdrawal of the offending agent can prevent recurrence and complications. Further pharmacovigilance and mechanistic research are needed to clarify the true incidence and pathophysiology of dopamine agonist–associated pancreatitis."

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Gastroenterology • Immunology • Movement Disorders • Pancreatitis • Parkinson's Disease • Restless Legs Syndrome • Sleep Disorder

Trihexyphenidyl as a Treatment for Severe Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease: A Case Report (MDS Congress 2025) - "Prior treatments—including Sinemet, Rotigotine, Ropinirole, Clonazepam, Amantadine, and Rasagiline—were ineffective and caused additional symptoms like tremors and fatigue. To date, no published case studies have demonstrated significant improvement in a patient's freezing of gait (FoG) with trihexyphenidyl (Artane), except for a single case reported in 2020 (1). That study described a patient with a FoG-like gait disturbance characterized by direction-associated FoG occurring exclusively during forward walking, who experienced gait improvement with trihexyphenidyl. However, the patient's leg symptoms were more consistent with task-specific dystonia, as subsequent surface electromyography (EMG) studies revealed dystonic co-contraction in the leg during forward walking in the OFF-state, but not during backward walking or side-stepping, supporting a diagnosis of task-specific dystonia."

Case report • Clinical • CNS Disorders • Dystonia • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Survey of knowledge and training needs of professionals in nursing homes for Parkinson's disease (MDS Congress 2025) - "In addition, dopaminergic agonists are little known to professionals (Sifrol 25% and Requip 21%). Nursing home professionals are familiar with certain aspects of Parkinsonian syndromes. In view of the results obtained, work needs to be undertaken to adapt to specific specific requests, in order to promote expertise towards Parkinsonian patients."

CNS Disorders • Depression • Mood Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Psychiatry

A Case of "Rabbit" Syndrome with Concomitant Tongue Tremor (MDS Congress 2025) - " N/A A 58-year-old Hispanic female with a history of restless leg syndrome (RLS) on ropinirole and depression on aripiprazole, lamotrigine, and paroxetine initially presented for worsening RLS...Ropinirole was replaced with pregabalin with marked improvement in RLS symptoms...Movements significantly improved after starting carbidopa/levodopa... The movement pattern of the lips in this patient is consistent with the known phenomenology of "rabbit" syndrome. However, the concomitant re-emergent tongue is atypical with this syndrome and it is more commonly a feature of Parkinson's disease tremor. Given the possible shared mechanism between RS and DIP, this case may represent a co-occurring phenomenon or support RS being part the DIP spectrum."

Clinical • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Depression • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Psychiatry • Restless Legs Syndrome • Sleep Disorder

Diagnosis and Treatment of Augmentation Syndrome Secondary to Ropinirole: A Case Report. (PubMed, Cureus) - "In this patient, a 61-year-old Caucasian female with a 20-year history of RLS, treated with gabapentin 300 mg twice daily and ropinirole 0.25 mg three to four times per day, augmentation was observed, likely due to long-term treatment with the dopamine agonist ropinirole in combination with low vitamin D levels. This case highlights the importance of recognizing augmentation in patients on long-term dopaminergic therapy and considering contributory factors such as vitamin D deficiency. Early identification and individualized treatment adjustments are essential to improving outcomes."

Journal • Movement Disorders • Restless Legs Syndrome • Sleep Disorder

Advanced P407/Tw80/βCD based Nasal Powders of Ropinirole Hydrochloride for Nose-to-Brain Delivery in Parkinson's Disease: Preparation and Comprehensive In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation. (PubMed, AAPS J) - "This study demonstrates the potential of these formulations for effective nose-to-brain drug delivery. Ongoing in vivo pharmacokinetic studies are being conducted to assess the performance of the optimal formulations in an appropriate animal model."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Othello Syndrome Induced by Dopamine Agonists in Parkinson's Disease: A Case Report. (PubMed, Case Rep Psychiatry) - "Case Presentation: A 69-year-old man with a longstanding diagnosis of PD developed OS after transitioning from levodopa/carbidopa to ropinirole due to intolerance...Ropinirole was gradually discontinued over 4 weeks, and quetiapine was introduced... This case highlights the potential for DAs, including ropinirole, to induce OS in PD patients. Clinicians should remain vigilant for psychiatric side effects during PD treatment and consider timely intervention, including medication adjustment and antipsychotic therapy, to prevent severe psychosocial consequences."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Mental Retardation • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Psychiatry

Real-world observations on neuroinflammation-related drug responses in Alzheimer's disease. (PubMed, J Alzheimers Dis) - "We identified neuroinflammation-specific drug responses by comparing HRs between individuals with and without neuroinflammation-related conditions.ResultsWe identified 0.4 million matched pairs of individuals with and without neuroinflammation-related conditions. We identified three drugs (levothyroxine [HR = 0.89], mirabegron [HR = 0.69], and ropinirole [HR = 0.81]) had a lower HR and two drugs (levetiracetam [HR = 1.19], and quetiapine [HR = 1.83]) had a higher HR in individuals with neuroinflammation-related conditions compared to without (false discovery rate <0.05).ConclusionsIn patients with neuroinflammation-related conditions, we identified drugs associated with lower risks (levothyroxine, mirabegron and ropinirole) and higher risks (levetiracetam and quetiapine) of AD incidence."

Journal • Real-world evidence • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • Alzheimer's Disease • Cardiovascular • Cerebral Hemorrhage • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Hematological Disorders • Inflammation • Vascular Neurology

Sex-Related Differences in Dopamine Agonist Response in Restless Legs Syndrome: A PSG-Based Study (WSS 2025) - "Both pramipexole and ropinirole primarily act through D3 receptors, which exhibit sex-specific expression patterns. This differential expression may underlie the higher pharmacological response observed in women, particularly with respect to reductions in PLMS. These findings align with emerging research on sex differences in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cardiovascular therapies, underscoring the importance of considering sex as a critical factor in personalized medicine."

Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Restless Legs Syndrome • Sleep Disorder