NanO2 (perflenapent) / NuvOx Pharma - LARVOL DELTA

Visible-light promoted late-stage chlorination and bromination of quinones and (hetero)arenes utilizing aqueous HCl or HBr as halogen donors. (PubMed, Commun Chem) - "The mild reaction conditions, ready availability of reagents, excellent functional-group tolerance, high regioselectivity, and facile scalability under continuous-flow operation collectively render this approach a practical and efficient protocol for the late-stage aromatic C(sp²)-H chlorination and bromination of complex drugs and natural products. Mechanistic investigations reveal that nitrosyl halides, generated in situ by reaction of NaNO2 and aqueous HCl or HBr, undergo photo-promoted homolysis to produce the corresponding halogen radicals that selectively initiate the radical halogenation of quinones and (hetero)arenes."

Journal

Rising trends in sodium nitrite suicides: A case series from Cape Town, South Africa. (PubMed, S Afr Med J) - "Sodium nitrite (NaNO2) ingestion results in methaemoglobinaemia, which can cause hypoxia, metabolic acidosis and death...This report highlights the importance of thorough death scene investigations and challenges in ancillary testing, and contributes to the literature on sodium nitrite-related suicides. The accessibility and rapid lethality of the chemical underscore the need for greater awareness among medical professionals and policy-makers regarding its misuse."

Journal • Metabolic Disorders

Visible-Light-Induced Trifluoromethyloximation of Alkenes with Sodium Nitrite as Oxime Source. (PubMed, J Org Chem) - "The strategy employs commercially abundant and robust alkenes as starting materials, economical CF3SO2Cl as the trifluoromethylating agent, and NaNO2 as the nitrosyl source, operating without transition-metal catalysts or external photosensitizers. This approach demonstrates broad functional group compatibility, high selectivity, mild reaction conditions, and excellent practicality."

Journal

Immunomodulation of Tumor Microenvironment by Reversing Hypoxia (SABCS 2025) - "NanO₂ (NuvOx Pharma), a novel perfluorocarbon-based oxygen therapeutic composed of 2% w/v dodecafluoropentane, improves tissue oxygenation without receptor binding...In the second series of experiments, we tested the effect of NanO₂ in combination with immunotherapy (IT), chemotherapy (CTX, paclitaxel) or both IT and CTX...NanO₂ synergizes with immunotherapy and chemotherapy to remodel the TME to enhance anti-tumor immune responses in in vivo TNBC models.Figures to Upload:CD8 IHC Decreased Hypoxic Cells"

Biomarker • Immunomodulating • IO biomarker • Tumor microenvironment • Breast Cancer • Oncology • Triple Negative Breast Cancer • CD4 • CD8 • MRC1

A phase 2 double-blind, randomized, prospective, placebo-controlled study of NanO₂TM combined with radiation and temozolomide in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma: RESTORE (SNO 2025) - "This study hypothesizes that increasing oxygen delivery using NanO₂ (2% w/v dodecafluoropentane emulsion) infusion and inhaled oxygen will enhance the efficacy of chemoradiation. This ongoing randomized trial is assessing the safety and potential survival benefit of NanO₂ in newly diagnosed GBM. By improving oxygen delivery to hypoxic tumor regions, NanO₂ may enhance the efficacy of chemoradiation. The study remains blinded, and no preliminary efficacy conclusions can be made at this time."

Clinical • P2 data • Brain Cancer • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Glioblastoma • Hematological Disorders • Pulmonary Embolism • Respiratory Diseases • Solid Tumor • Thrombocytopenia

Spontaneous Graphene/Lipid Bicellar Co-assembly (NANO2-Graphene): Experiments and Computer Simulations. (PubMed, ACS Appl Mater Interfaces) - "MD simulations also reveal that, in the presence of single or stacked graphene layers, lipid tails bend and orient along the graphene surface to maintain the bilayer thickness with the lipid order parameter significantly reduced and the area per lipid increased along with water contacts with lipid headgroups. These results provide important insights into the interaction between lipid molecules and graphene that should be considered in the biomedical application of graphene-containing nanomaterials and, more broadly, the effect of graphene on lipid-containing biointerfaces."

Journal

A phase 2 double-blind, randomized, prospective, placebo-controlled study of  NanO₂TM combined with radiation and temozolomide in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma: RESTORE (WFNOS 2025) - "This study hypothesizes that increasing oxygen delivery using NanO₂ (2% w/v dodecafluoropentane emulsion) infusion and inhaled oxygen will enhance the efficacy of chemoradiation. This ongoing randomized trial is assessing the safety and potential survival benefit of NanO₂ in newly diagnosed GBM. By improving oxygen delivery to hypoxic tumor regions, NanO₂ may enhance the efficacy of chemoradiation. The study remains blinded, and no preliminary efficacy conclusions can be made at this time."

Clinical • P2 data • Brain Cancer • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Glioblastoma • Glioma • Hematological Disorders • Oncology • Pulmonary Embolism • Respiratory Diseases • Solid Tumor • Thrombocytopenia

FYR Bio and NuvOx Therapeutics Awarded NCI Direct-to-Phase II SBIR Grant to Advance Liquid-Biopsy Collaboration in Phase IIb Glioblastoma Trial (PRNewswire) - "Under the award, FYR will apply its EV-Omics (EVO) platform and SPARCs enrichment technology to longitudinal blood samples collected in NuvOx's RESTORE trial of NanO₂, a radiosensitizer designed to reverse tumor hypoxia. The collaboration will explore extracellular-vesicle (EV) biomarkers that reflect hypoxia biology, correlate with treatment exposure, and help clinicians differentiate pseudoprogression from true progression-a persistent challenge in GBM management."

Financing • Glioblastoma

Investigation of the use of anthocyanins in Cantonese sausage as a nitrite alternative. (PubMed, J Sci Food Agric) - "Cantonese sausages treated with anthocyanins exhibited benefits in TBARS value, residual nitrite levels, and color, and did not compromise antibacterial efficacy. This study demonstrated the possibility of anthocyanins (C3G) as a natural nutrient to partially replace nitrite."

Journal • Oncology

The Effect of Swiss Chard Powder as a Curing Agent on Volatile Compound Profile and Other Qualitative Properties of Heat-Treated Sucuk. (PubMed, Foods) - "Three formulations were created for the production of HTS: control (no nitrite addition), synthetic nitrite (SN, 150 mg/kg NaNO2 addition), and natural nitrite from Swiss chard powder (SCPN) (SCP equivalent to 150 mg/kg NaNO2)...Additionally, similar characteristics in volatile compounds and sensory attributes were observed in the SN and SCPN groups. As a result, characteristics of the final products were not usually adversely affected by the use of SCP in HTS production."

Journal

Immunomodulation of Tumor Microenvironment in Triple Negative Breast Cancer by Reversing Hypoxia with NanO2, a Novel Oxygen Delivery Agent (SITC 2025) - "In the second series of experiments, we tested the effect of NanO2 in combination with immunotherapy (IT), chemotherapy (CTX, paclitaxel) or both IT and CTX. PD-1 expression decreased supporting that reversing hypoxia can enhance response to IT. In addition, in the second series of experiments we demonstrated that the TME changes by NanO2 +oxygen were enhanced by IT, CTX and combination IT+CTX (figure 2).Conclusions NanO2 synergizes with immunotherapy and chemotherapy to remodel the TME to enhance anti-tumor immune responses in in vivo TNBC models.Acknowledgements This study was funded by DOD Grant to Pavani Chalasani (Award number:W81XWH2210640Ethics Approval Study was approved by IACUC at GWUC and DOD ACCUROAbstracts 5 Figure 1Request permissionsCD8 IHC resultsAbstracts 5 Figure 2Request permissionsHypoxia cells by flow cytometry"

Biomarker • Immunomodulating • IO biomarker • Tumor microenvironment • Brain Cancer • Breast Cancer • Glioblastoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor • Triple Negative Breast Cancer • CD4 • CD8 • MRC1

Effect of Nitrosative Stress on Biofilm Formation and Upregulation of 2,3-Butanediol Dehydrogenase in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae. (PubMed, Curr Microbiol) - "NaNO2 and SNP were also found to be upregulated...Importantly both glyoxylate cycle and TCA cycle were found to be partially blocked under stress condition whereas, aldehyde reductase (Bdh2p) an important enzyme for 2,3-Butanediol production was found to have upregulated significantly. Altogether our study provides the first report on the effect of nitrosative stress on S. cerevisiae grown on ethanol as a carbon source with possibility to produce 2,3-Butanediol, an industrially important compound, that has a huge demand in the paint, drug and cosmetic industries."

Journal • CAT

NANO2 IN LARGE VESSEL OCCLUSION STROKE (NOVEL): A MULTICENTRE SINGLE-BLIND, RANDOMISED, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED BLINDED TRIAL OF PERFLUOROCARBON IN ACUTE ISCHAEMIC STROKE DUE TO LARGE VESSEL OCCLUSION (WSC 2025) - "NOVEL will investigate the effects of a perfluorocarbon oxygen carrier in acute ischaemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion."

Clinical • Cardiovascular • Ischemic stroke

RESTORE: A Study of NanO2™ Combined With Radiation and Temozolomide in Patients With Newly Diagnosed GBM (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=87 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: NuvOx LLC | Recruiting ➔ Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Sep 2025 ➔ Sep 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2025 ➔ Jun 2026

Enrollment closed • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Brain Cancer • Glioblastoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Ion Clusters in Multicomponent Solutions Determined from X-ray PDF and SAXS Analysis: The NaNO2-NaOH-H2O System. (PubMed, J Phys Chem Lett) - "SAXS confirms local fluctuations and coherent clusters with notable size differences between NaOH and NaNO2 solutions. SAXS analysis of mixed solutions shows that their clusters are an average of the individual solutions, indicating mixed clusters."

Journal

Emerging Trend of Sodium Nitrite and Nitrate Self-Poisoning: Fatality Review Challenges and Public Health Implications (AAP-NCE 2025) - "Background: Sodium nitrite (NaNO2) and sodium nitrate (NaNO3) ingestion is an emerging method of suicide, especially among young individuals... Addressing sodium nitrite/self-poisoning should be part of a broader public health approach to suicide prevention. Collaborations with healthcare providers, emergency responders, and crisis response teams can help spread awareness. Further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of safety interventions on the incidence of sodium nitrite self-poisoning."

Review • CNS Disorders • Depression • Hematological Disorders • Pediatrics • Psychiatry • Suicidal Ideation

The MeaB bZIP transcription factor is needed for proper nitrosative stress response induced by nitrite in Aspergillus fumigatus. (PubMed, BMC Genomics) - "Transcriptomic data implies that MeaB affected fine-tuned regulation of arginine metabolism genes, and the alteration in arginine dependent processes (including siderophore production and possibly NO homeostasis) was responsible for the altered phenotype of the ΔmeaB mutant. Our results also suggest that, although inhibition of A. fumigatus defense against nitrosative stress may not be an effective antifungal therapy for all A. fumigatus strains, a combined approach based on disruption of both iron and NO homeostasis is promising."

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Mitigating Strength Loss in Geopolymers in Low-Temperature Environments by Sodium Nitrite Addition. (PubMed, Materials (Basel)) - "Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed reduced cracking and a denser microstructure with increasing concentrations of NaNO2. The results indicate that NaNO2 not only mitigates the adverse effects of subzero curing but also promotes structure development, and hence it is a viable admixture for enhancing the cold weather durability of geopolymer materials."

Journal

Radical Cascade Nitro-Cyclization Reaction of Oxygen-Linked 1,7-Dienes for the Synthesis of NO2-Substituted Benzoxepines. (PubMed, J Org Chem) - "A series of nitro-benzoxepines were prepared from easily available oxygen-linked 1,7-dienes by using K2S2O8 as the oxidant and NaNO2 as the nitrogen source. This approach features mild conditions, readily accessible reagents, simple operation, and broad substrate applicability. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction proceeds through a radical pathway."

Journal

Suicide by sodium nitrite ingestion: a systematic review. (PubMed, Forensic Sci Med Pathol) - "Blood was the most analyzed matrix with NO2 and NO3 concentrations ranging from 0.03 µg/mL to 372.65 µg/mL and from 0.899 µg/mL to 1,597.9 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, a case of fatal self-poisoning by oral ingestion of NaNO2, which came to the author's attention, is presented."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Depression • Psychiatry

Stability vector of blood biochemical and antioxidant parameters in the interaction of nitrate poisoning and heat stress. (PubMed, Chemosphere) - "The study compared the effect of heat stress, sodium nitrite (NaNO2) alone and their combined effect on the body of rats...Significant antioxidant and biochemical changes were observed in the groups exposed to combined stress and a significant increase in cholesterol levels (∼11 times). The analysis of protein interactions showed that Hif1a is a key regulator of adaptive responses, which coordinates the stress response through interaction with proteins of different functional clusters."

Journal • HIF1A

Electrografted porphyrin on Cu2O-modified electrodes for enhanced photoelectrochemical water-splitting (ACS-Fall 2025) - "H2TAPP was successfully electrografted using cyclic voltammetry in a NaNO2 medium, achieving a uniform film with ca...Characterization by SEM, AFM, XRD, XPS, and EIS confirms the material composition, morphology, and improved charge transfer properties. These results suggest that molecularly engineered porphyrin-Cu2O interfaces can significantly improve the efficiency and stability of photoelectrodes for water-splitting applications."

Synergistic Enhancement of LiNO3-NaNO3-KNO3-NaNO2 Thermophysical Properties Through Dual Nano-Additives: SiO2 and MgO. (PubMed, Nanomaterials (Basel)) - "Optimal doping at 0.7 wt.% SiO2 and 0.3 wt.% MgO yields a molten-state specific heat of 1.51 J/(g·K), representing a 6% increase over the undoped base salt (1.42 J/(g·K)). By combining the thermal diffusivity properties of the samples, this study found that the doping of nanoparticles typically induces new structures in molten salts that tend to enhance the specific heat capacity while simultaneously reducing thermal diffusivity."

Journal

Nano DAP augments productivity, phosphorus use efficiency, and profitability of spring wheat. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "However, in 2022-23, P50 + nano2.5 ml L-1 resulted in a 13.7% reduction in yields, while P50 + nano5 ml L-1 showed a 7.8% decrease compared to P100...This treatment also improved N uptake (84.2, 125.0 kg ha-1), P uptake (20.4, 24.2 kg ha-1), and net returns (US $ 958.60, US $ 1,197.10 ha-1 year-1) during 2022-23 and 2023-24, respectively. Thus, demonstrating its potential as an economically viable and environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional P100 application."

Journal

Organic electrochemical reactions of inorganic compounds. (PubMed, Org Biomol Chem) - "This review will explore the electrochemical applications of inorganic compounds in organic synthesis (2013-2024), focusing on the following compounds as starting materials: RFSO2Na, NaN3, O2, NH4OAc, NaI, NaBr, LiCl, HCl, LiBr, KBr, NH4Br, tBu4NBr, S8, Se, Te, ArSO2Na, CD3SSO3Na, Na2S2O5, K2S2O8, KSCN, KSeCN, NaSCN, NH4SCN, NaNO2. Besides, this review will cover various reaction types, including trifluoromethylation, azidation, oxidation, bromination, chlorination, fluorination, selenation, and sulfuration."

Journal • Review