PumpaGon (glucagon infusion pump) / LATITUDE Pharma - LARVOL DELTA

The GIST of Hypoglycemia: A Rare Case of Non-Islet Cell Tumor Hypoglycemia Secondary to GI Stromal Tumor (ENDO 2026) - "Oncology was consulted; they currently plan to enroll the patient in a clinical trial of Imatinib and Zoftomenib after discharge...Glucocorticoids, somatostatin analogs, subcutaneous growth hormone, diazoxide, and even glucagon infusion pumps have been used as well. We highlight GIST as a rare etiology of NICTH and demonstrate the diagnostic approach for NICTH, which should be conducted during an episode of hypoglycemia. IGF2/IGF1 ratio >10 confirms the diagnosis, while IGF2/IGF1 ratio between 3 and 10 may still be consistent with NICTH. IGF2 levels may or may not be elevated."

Clinical • Late-breaking abstract • Stroma • Diabetes • Endocrine Disorders • Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor • Hepatology • Hypoglycemia • Infectious Disease • Liver Failure • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Oncology • Pancreatic Cancer • Renal Disease • Sarcoma • Septic Shock • Solid Tumor • IGF1 • IGF2 • IR

IGF-2-Mediated Hypoglycemia in a Patient with Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Sarcoma: A Rare Paraneoplastic Syndrome (ENDO 2025) - "Subsequently, chemotherapy with temozolomide and bevacizumab was initiated...Hypoglycemia is managed with supportive measures via corticosteroids, diazoxide, glucagon infusion pumps, recombinant growth hormone or dextrose fluids. IGF-2 mediated hypoglycemia is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome seen in malignancies such as sarcomas or hepatoblastomas. Hypoglycemia occurs due to overproduction of IGF-2 by the tumor which has insulin like-effects. Unlike insulin-mediated hypoglycemia, IGF-2-induced hypoglycemia occurs in the absence of insulin or C-peptide."

Clinical • Metastases • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Hepatoblastoma • Hepatology • Hypertension • Hypoglycemia • Oncology • Pancreatic Cancer • Sarcoma • Solid Tumor • IGF1 • IGF2

Analysis of Glucose Responsive Glucagon Therapeutics using Computational Models of the Glucoregulatory System. (PubMed, Adv Healthc Mater) - "Additionally, therapeutic insulin and glucagon infusion pumps are modeled for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) human subjects to extend the results to additional datasets. These observations suggest that both the representative physiological and non-physiological models considered in this work require additional refinement to successfully describe clinical data that involve simultaneous, coupled insulin, glucose, and glucagon dynamics."

Journal • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Severe Hypoglycemia • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus