levodopa/benserazide / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Effects of Compound Dihuang Granules on PERK/ATF4/CHOP pathway in substantia nigra of rat model of Parkinson's disease with syndrome of Yin deficiency and stirring wind (PubMed, Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi) - "Seventy-five successfully modeled rats were randomly assigned to a model group, a madopar group, and low-, medium-, and high-dose Compound Dihuang Granules groups, each receiving the corresponding agents by oral gavage...Compound Dihuang Granules may exert neuroprotective effects in the rat model of PD with the syndrome of Yin deficiency and stirring wind by suppressing the PERK/ATF4/CHOP signaling pathway, thereby alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress and neuronal apoptosis. These findings provide experimental support for the clinical study of Compound Dihuang Granules in the treatment of PD."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • ATF4 • TCF4

A Case Report of Infantile Dopa-Responsive Dystonia Onset With Sleep Disorder Complicated With Autism Spectrum Disorder. (PubMed, Br J Hosp Med (Lond)) - "For infants with unexplained sleep disorder accompanied by delayed motor development, genetic testing should be performed as early as possible to facilitate the identification of the root cause and implement timely treatment. In addition, close follow-up should be conducted to detect comorbid neurodevelopmental disorders."

Journal • Retrospective data • Autism Spectrum Disorder • CNS Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Dystonia • Genetic Disorders • Movement Disorders • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder

Neurobehavioral Evaluation of Renin-Angiotensin System Modulators in an MPTP-Induced Model of Parkinson's Disease in Swiss Albino Mice. (PubMed, Ann Afr Med) - "RAS modulators demonstrated significant neurobehavioral protection in MPTP-induced Parkinsonism, suggesting their potential as adjunct therapeutic agents in PD."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Depression • Mood Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Psychiatry • RAS

Identification of a Novel SLC18A2 Splicing Variant in a Case of Infantile Parkinsonism-Dystonia Type 2. (PubMed, Case Rep Neurol Med) - "Levodopa-benserazide failed to provide sustained benefit and caused irritability and insomnia, whereas pramipexole produced modest improvement in bradykinesia, ptosis, and sweating with persistence of dystonia and oculogyric crises. Comparison with reported international cases shows a consistent phenotype and limited therapeutic response. This case expands the mutational spectrum of SLC18A2-related disease and highlights the importance of early genetic diagnosis."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Dystonia • Insomnia • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Sleep Disorder

Improvement of Multifactorial Tremor in Klinefelter Syndrome With Testosterone Replacement Therapy. (PubMed, Case Rep Endocrinol) - "A man in his 50s with long-standing learning difficulties and schizophrenia currently treated with clozapine presented with gynaecomastia and a new right testicular mass. He was noted to have a severe tremor interfering with activities of daily living treated with combination levodopa + benserazide, primidone and topiramate...Tremor in Klinefelter syndrome is often refractory to anti-tremor medical therapy; however, as reported in this case, testosterone therapy may improve tremor in Klinefelter syndrome. It is rare for TRT to significantly improve tremor as reported in this case."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Genetic Disorders • Movement Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Prioritising medication management criteria to identify emergency department patients with potential medication-related harm: Nominal Group Technique workshops with clinicians. (PubMed, Int J Clin Pharm) - "This study has provided a concise list of six medication-related criteria that expert consensus agreed were the most important for prioritising patients with potential medication-related harm. This forms the basis for the development of information gathering strategies to be incorporated into clinicians' workflows early in patients' ED journey."

Journal

Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence Study of Levodopa and Benserazide Tablets in Healthy Chinese Subjects Under Fasting and High-Fat Meal Conditions. (PubMed, Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev) - "The 90% confidence intervals of the geometric mean ratios for the pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ met the bioequivalence criteria, indicating that the test formulation is bioequivalent to the reference formulation in healthy Chinese adult subjects. No serious adverse events were reported."

Clinical • Journal • PK/PD data • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders

Synergistic neuroprotective effects of cortex of Albizia julibrissin Durazzini and stems and branches of Uncariae rhynchophylla (Miq.) Miq. in models of 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson's disease. (PubMed, Complement Med Res) - "Our findings establish a foundation for developing multi-target therapies based on natural products that may offer comprehensive neuroprotection with potentially fewer side effects than conventional pharmaceuticals."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

A Case Report of a Novel Alpha-Synuclein Vaccine (TRB-001) in a Parkinson's Patient: Safe Administration and Induction of a High-Titer, High-Avidity Functional Antibody Response. (PubMed, Vaccines (Basel)) - "Results obtained suggest that this new class of vaccines may yield Ab responses comparable in magnitude and target avidity to the therapeutic setting of monoclonal Abs. TRB-001 is currently being translated to a randomized, placebo-controlled Phase 1B study."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Behavioral Effects of Renin-Angiotensin System Modulators in a Rotenone-Induced Model of Parkinson's Disease in Wistar Albino Rats. (PubMed, Cureus) - "RAS modulation using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers demonstrated significant improvement in motor and behavioral parameters in a rotenone-induced PD model. These findings suggest the potential therapeutic utility of these agents in mitigating both motor and non-motor manifestations associated with PD. However, further biochemical, histopathological, mechanistic, and clinical investigations are required to establish their potential neuroprotective role."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Mood Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Psychiatry

Oral administration of a novel peptide PP021 preserves nigral dopaminergic neurons in animals with Parkinson-like disease (WPC 2026) - "In addition, treatment of 50 mg/kg per dose exhibited efficacy comparable to or greater than treatment with Madopar (100 mg/kg)...In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that orally administered PP021 inhibits inflammatory signaling, penetrates the blood-brain barrier, preserves nigral dopaminergic neurons, and improves motor deficits in an established MPTP PD model, with a favorable nonclinical safety profile supporting first-in-human trial. Phase I clinical trials in China and the United States will start in May 2026."

First-in-human • Late-breaking abstract • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • IL6

Comparison of the effects of levodopa–benserazide prolonged-release and levodopa–carbidopa–entacapone on sleep quality in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (WPC 2026) - "Short-term bedtime dopaminergic therapy was associated with improved subjective sleep quality in PD. Although levodopa–benserazide prolonged-release showed greater benefit when used as the initial treatment, this finding should be interpreted cautiously due to potential confounding from concomitant therapy. Individualized nocturnal treatment strategies may be warranted."

Clinical • Late-breaking abstract • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Comparison of blood dopamine levels in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease patients treated with levodopa-carbidopa-entacapone versus levodopa-benserazide (WPC 2026) - "Conclusion In this study, no significant difference was observed in the short-term effects of LCE and LB combinations on plasma dopamine levels in patients with early-stage Parkinson’s disease with unilateral involvement. Further large-scale, multicenter studies with extended follow-up are required to assess long-term clinical outcomes, including motor response duration and adverse effects."

Clinical • Late-breaking abstract • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Comparison of blood dopamine in Parkinson's patients treated with levodopa carbidopa entacapone vs levodopa benserazide: A randomized controlled trial. (PubMed, Medicine (Baltimore)) - "In this study, no significant difference was observed in the short-term effects of LCE and LB combinations on plasma dopamine levels in patients with early-stage Parkinson's disease with unilateral involvement. Further large-scale, multicenter studies with extended follow-up are required to assess long-term clinical outcomes, including motor response duration and adverse effects."

Clinical • Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

A case of dopa-responsive dystonia with a novel GCH1 variant c.579 C > G (p.Ile193Met). (PubMed, Neurol Sci) - "This case expands the GCH1 mutational spectrum of DRD and highlights the critical role of levodopa trial in unexplained dystonia, even in the absence of diurnal luctuation. Early recognition and intervention are pivotal for favorable prognosis."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Dystonia • Epilepsy • Movement Disorders • GCH1

Genotype-dependent response to combined levodopa/benserazide and trihexyphenidyl in pediatric genetic dystonia. (PubMed, Brain Dev) - "Genotype determines treatment response to levodopa/benserazide and trihexyphenidyl in pediatric genetic dystonia. PANK2 and most other monogenic etiologies respond well, while channelopathies derive minimal benefit. Genotype, not severity, guides therapy."

Journal • Cerebral Palsy • CNS Disorders • Dystonia • Movement Disorders • Pediatrics

Hypothalamic orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides in the rotenone model of Parkinson's disease. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "We also tested their response to benserazide/levodopa (B/L) anti-PD therapy alone or in combination with antidepressant (fluoxetine) medication...The expression of neuropeptide y and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript was downregulated only at the mRNA level. B/L alone or in combination with fluoxetine failed to reverse these functional-morphological changes. Our findings suggest complex functional alterations in both orexinergic and anorexigenic peptidergic systems in the rat model of PD that are not reversed by anti-PD and antidepressant administration."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Depression • Mood Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • POMC-null Obesity • Psychiatry

Case Report: Sublingual Levodopa in Advanced Multiple System Atrophy. (PubMed, J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother) - "We report a case of advanced MSA in which sublingual administration of co-beneldopa provided rapid and reliable relief from severe motor "off" episodes when enteral therapy failed. This novel approach bypassed gastrointestinal absorption, improved symptom control, and enhanced patient comfort in a palliative setting. Further research is warranted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sublingual levodopa in similar contexts."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Movement Disorders • Multiple System Atrophy • Parkinson's Disease

Evaluation of the Effects of Levodopa-Benserazide Drug Combination on Periodontal Status in Patients With Parkinson's Disease (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=136 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi | Not yet recruiting ➔ Active, not recruiting

Enrollment closed • CNS Disorders • Dental Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Periodontitis

Clinical Research on Modified Chaihu Jia Longgu Muli Decoction in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease Complicated with Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Disorder (ChiCTR) - P=N/A | N=66 | Sponsor: Huzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University; Huzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Aff

New trial • CNS Disorders • Idiopathic Arthritis • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Sleep Disorder

Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Deletion in NeuroD6-positive Neurons Attenuates Levodopa-induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson’s Disease Mouse Model (AAN 2026) - "Following confirmation of PD-like pathology and motor impairment, LID was generated by daily levodopa/benserazide intraperitoneal injections for three weeks in 6-OHDA mice for both genotypes...Lastly, evaluation of AIMs in 6-OHDA treated NEXCre/+CB2EGFP/f/f/ versus NEXCre/+ mice indicated CB2R deletion resulted in lower overall LID score compared to controls (46.14 vs 59.83, p=0.26). Conclusions Neuronal CB2R deletion mitigated AIMs, suggesting it may play a role in modulating LID in PD mouse model; however, larger sample sizes are needed to validate findings."

Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Inflammation • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Early-Onset Parkinson's Disease in a 36-Year-Old Woman with Uncomplicated Vaginal Birth: A Case Report. (PubMed, Int Med Case Rep J) - "She had a 4-year history of Parkinson's disease and was on regular treatment with levodopa-benserazide HCL and trihexyphenidyl...This case demonstrates that women in their 30s with PD can achieve favorable pregnancy outcomes, including uncomplicated vaginal delivery, when managed with close interdisciplinary collaboration. Continued reporting of similar cases is needed to strengthen the evidence base and guide clinical decision-making."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Obstetrics • Parkinson's Disease

UNOBTRUSIVE MONITORING OF LEVODOPA-RELATED MOTOR COMPLICATIONS USING COMMERCIAL WEARABLES (ADPD 2026) - P | "We validated dMCS against established levodopa/benserazide pharmacokinetic profiles, aligned at patients' self-reported medication intake timings using causality and cross-correlation analysis. The dMCS demonstrated strong correlation with levodopa plasma concentrations (Spearman ρ = 0.88, p < 0.001), capturing medication onset effects through Granger causality testing (p < 0.001)... Commercial wearables enable clinically-meaningful ON/OFF fluctuation detection, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiling providing a continuous, non-invasive alternative to traditional clinical and pharmacokinetic assessments. Continuous therapy monitoring, personalized medication timing, and objective treatment efficacy assessment are enabled by such solutions. For clinical trials, dMCS provides sensitive endpoints and enables remote patient monitoring, potentially reducing study costs while supporting regulatory requirements for patient-relevant outcomes."

CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Evaluation of the Effects of Levodopa-Benserazide Drug Combination on Periodontal Status in Patients With Parkinson's Disease (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=136 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi

New trial • CNS Disorders • Dental Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Periodontitis

Efficacy of Madopar and trihexyphenidyl combination therapy for dystonia in children with cerebral palsy. (PubMed, Front Neurol) - "Compared with THP monotherapy, the combination of Madopar and THP is significantly more effective at alleviating dystonia and improving both motor function and quality of life in children with DCP. By leveraging low-dose synergy, this strategy effectively overcomes the efficacy ceiling of first-line monotherapy and translates into meaningful, patient-centered functional gains (including improvements in sleep and communication) without increasing the burden of adverse events."

Journal • Cerebral Palsy • CNS Disorders • Dystonia • Movement Disorders