levodopa/benserazide / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Early-Onset Parkinson's Disease in a 36-Year-Old Woman with Uncomplicated Vaginal Birth: A Case Report. (PubMed, Int Med Case Rep J) - "She had a 4-year history of Parkinson's disease and was on regular treatment with levodopa-benserazide HCL and trihexyphenidyl...This case demonstrates that women in their 30s with PD can achieve favorable pregnancy outcomes, including uncomplicated vaginal delivery, when managed with close interdisciplinary collaboration. Continued reporting of similar cases is needed to strengthen the evidence base and guide clinical decision-making."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Obstetrics • Parkinson's Disease

UNOBTRUSIVE MONITORING OF LEVODOPA-RELATED MOTOR COMPLICATIONS USING COMMERCIAL WEARABLES (ADPD 2026) - P | "We validated dMCS against established levodopa/benserazide pharmacokinetic profiles, aligned at patients' self-reported medication intake timings using causality and cross-correlation analysis. The dMCS demonstrated strong correlation with levodopa plasma concentrations (Spearman ρ = 0.88, p < 0.001), capturing medication onset effects through Granger causality testing (p < 0.001)... Commercial wearables enable clinically-meaningful ON/OFF fluctuation detection, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiling providing a continuous, non-invasive alternative to traditional clinical and pharmacokinetic assessments. Continuous therapy monitoring, personalized medication timing, and objective treatment efficacy assessment are enabled by such solutions. For clinical trials, dMCS provides sensitive endpoints and enables remote patient monitoring, potentially reducing study costs while supporting regulatory requirements for patient-relevant outcomes."

CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Deletion in NeuroD6-positive Neurons Attenuates Levodopa-induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease Mouse Model (AAN 2026) - "Following confirmation of PD-like pathology and motor impairment, LID was generated by daily levodopa/benserazide intraperitoneal injections for three weeks in 6-OHDA mice for both genotypes... Neuronal CB2R deletion mitigated AIMs, suggesting it may play a role in modulating LID in PD mouse model; however, larger sample sizes are needed to validate findings."

Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Inflammation • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Evaluation of the Effects of Levodopa-Benserazide Drug Combination on Periodontal Status in Patients With Parkinson's Disease (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=136 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi

New trial • CNS Disorders • Dental Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Periodontitis

Efficacy of Madopar and trihexyphenidyl combination therapy for dystonia in children with cerebral palsy. (PubMed, Front Neurol) - "Compared with THP monotherapy, the combination of Madopar and THP is significantly more effective at alleviating dystonia and improving both motor function and quality of life in children with DCP. By leveraging low-dose synergy, this strategy effectively overcomes the efficacy ceiling of first-line monotherapy and translates into meaningful, patient-centered functional gains (including improvements in sleep and communication) without increasing the burden of adverse events."

Journal • Cerebral Palsy • CNS Disorders • Dystonia • Movement Disorders

Reducing Neuroinflammation via Inhibition of Fibrinogen Deposition and Microglial Activation as an Underlying Mechanism of Paning I Decoction in Ameliorating Parkinson's Disease Symptoms. (PubMed, Immun Inflamm Dis) - "PNID may serve as a promising complementary therapy for PD. Benefits may come from the repair of the BBB, reduction of fibrinogen deposition, and decline in neuroinflammation by modulating microglial polarization."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Inflammation • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • IFNB1 • IL10 • IL1B • IL4 • IL6 • TNFA

Levodopa intolerance as a potential clinical red flag for neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) in atypical parkinsonism: a case report. (PubMed, BMC Neurol) - "This case highlights that profound levodopa intolerance in patients with atypical parkinsonism, especially when accompanied by severe gastrointestinal dysfunction and early cognitive decline, should prompt consideration of NIID. Early recognition of this clinical pattern, together with characteristic MRI findings and confirmatory pathology/genetics, may help reduce diagnostic delay and facilitate timely multidisciplinary supportive care."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Synergistic Effects of Levodopa, Benserazide, and Nortriptyline on Behavioral Impairments and Brain Pathology in an Experimental Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. (PubMed, Neurol Res Int) - "Nortriptyline at 10 mg/kg offers a promising adjunctive therapy for alleviating both motor and nonmotor symptoms of PD. However, higher doses may induce anxiogenic effects, suggesting the need for careful dose optimization."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Depression • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Psychiatry

Catecholaminergic storm and extreme blood pressure lability induced by combined levodopa/benserazide, selegiline, and piribedil in Parkinson's disease: a case report. (PubMed, Neurol Sci) - "This case demonstrated that combined dopaminergic therapy could induce catecholamine storm via synergistic effects, leading to life-threatening fluctuations in BP. Timely identification and adjustment of treatment regimens could effectively reverse cardiovascular risk. However, it was crucial to carefully consider the balance between the progression of motor symptoms and changes in medication treatment."

Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Fatigue • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia compresses midbrain, worsens Parkinson symptoms, and evokes Holmes tremor: A case report. (PubMed, Medicine (Baltimore)) - "In patients with both PD and HT, the identification of underlying causes and the proper symptomatic treatment are crucial for relieving the symptoms. However, the ultimate approaches would be microvascular decompression, deep-brain stimulation, or stereotactic thalamotomy."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Two novel variants of VPS13C gene related Parkinsonism: A case report and literature review. (PubMed, Medicine (Baltimore)) - "This study identifies 2 novel pathogenic variants in VPS13C, expanding the known mutational spectrum of the gene. Additionally, brain MRI may serve as a potential imaging marker for disease progression. A review of the literature indicates that VPS13C-related Parkinsonism appears as a heterogeneous disorder, including PD and dementia with Lewy bodies. VPS13C mutations are highly diverse, with point mutations being the most common, followed by splice-site variants. Genetic screening is essential for an accurate diagnosis and distinction between different forms of early onset PD. This increases clinicians' understanding of the clinical and genetic characteristics of VPS13C-related Parkinsonism."

Journal • Review • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Dementia • Lewy Body Disease • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • VPS13C

Dementia with Grains: A Clinical Mimic of Dementia with Lewy Bodies - Case Report. (PubMed, Case Rep Neurol) - "Treatment was with rivastigmine, and levodopa/benserazide was initiated. Here, we present the first known case of DG clinically mimicking dementia with Lewy bodies. Our findings support the notion that parkinsonism should be included in the clinical phenotype of DG and that DG should be considered more often as diagnosis, when the clinical presentation is atypical."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Dementia • Lewy Body Disease • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Psychiatry

Richardson Syndrome Variant of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: A Case Report. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Initially, levodopa/benserazide was started at a dose of 500 mg/day and increased up to 1,000 mg/day. Amantadine at a dose of 200 mg/day and levodopa/carbidopa sustained release at a dose of 200/50 mg/day were added to the treatment regimen, but no effective clinical response was observed...This case highlights the subtle prodromal features and progressive course of PSP, emphasizing the importance of early recognition. It also contributes to the literature by illustrating the clinical progression and therapeutic challenges in managing PSP, underscoring the value of a multidisciplinary approach to optimize patient outcomes."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

Levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone versus levodopa/benserazide plus pramipexole in Chinese patients with Parkinson's disease experiencing wearing off. (PubMed, Front Neurol) - "One patient in the LCE group and 2 patients in the PPX group experienced mild dyskinesia. LCE and LB + PPX were both effective, safe and tolerable in treating patients with PD who experienced WO."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Depression • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Psychiatry

Levodopa differentially modulates spectral features in cerebellum and basal ganglia in a rodent model of Parkinson's disease. (PubMed, Exp Neurol) - "To do so, we used the unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model and recorded local field potentials (LFP) before and during treatment with levodopa and benserazide from three to six weeks post-lesion...This is the first time spectral dynamics in BG and cerebellum have been investigated longitudinally in a PD model, and our findings provide clearer insight regarding the dynamic engagement of the cerebellum during dopamine depletion and replacement therapy. A better understanding about the role of the cerebellum in PD pathophysiology may unmask future targets for therapeutic development."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

The Role of Clonally Expanded CD8+ Non-CAR-T Cells in Neurocognitive and Hypokinetic Movement Disorder after BCMA-Targeting CAR-T Cell Therapy (ASH 2024) - "Introduction : The use of ciltacabtagen autoleucel (cilta-cel) in RRMM patients within the CARTITUDE-1 study has exposed previously unknown late onset neurotoxicities, referred to as movement, neurocognitive treatment emergent events (MNT) (Cohen, A et al., 2022)...Besides prolonged CRS °I, which was successfully managed by a single dose of tocilizumab, no other adverse events or signs of neurotoxicity occurred immediately post CAR-T infusion.Patient case and methods : 14 days post CAR-T infusion the patient presented with shakiness, subjective slowing of motor skills and concentration disorders...Ultimately, the patient was treated with intrathecal chemotherapy, dasatinib orally, cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids. From 149 days post CAR-T a slight improvement of parkinsonism was observed (MDS-UPDRS part III score of 32) following levodopa/benserazide delivery via PEG, and after achieving CAR-T eradication with prior therapies...These findings are consistent..."

CAR T-Cell Therapy • IO biomarker • CNS Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Movement Disorders • Multiple Myeloma • Oncology • Parkinson's Disease • CD4 • CD8 • PRF1

The underlying mechanism of Erbai decoction on Parkinson's disease rats: a behavioral and pathological study. (PubMed, Brain Res) - "Erbai decoction could alleviate the SNpc injury by activating mitophagy in PD rats, and it may relate to the regulation of the p38 MAPK/Parkin signaling pathway."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Otorhinolaryngology • Parkinson's Disease

GPi-DBS responsive laryngeal dystonia in SGCE myoclonus-dystonia (MDS Congress 2025) - "Zonisamide 150mg/day was not tolerated due to neuropsychiatric symptoms. Trihexyphenidyl 1mg daily and levodopa-benserazide 100mg TDS provided little benefit. OnabotulinumtoxinA was given into bilateral thyroarytenoid and right arm muscles every 3 months, with some improvement... GPi-DBS may be beneficial for laryngeal dystonia with SGCE-mutations, in both objective and subjective voice outcomes. Table 1"

CNS Disorders • Dystonia • Movement Disorders • Psychiatry

Delayed diagnosis of sporadic creutzfeldt-jakob disease in a patient misdiagnosed as bipolar disorder who suffered from neuroleptic malignant syndrome (ECNP 2025) - "During the psychiatric consultation, it was learned that the patient was diagnosed with depression 4 years ago and used sertraline...Olanzapine and lithium were discontinued. Bromocriptine 15 mg/day, madopar 187.5 mg/day, diazepam 30 mg/day, amantadine 300 mg/day were administered...In our case, behavioral changes and sleep disturbances of the patient were misinterpreted as bipolar disorder and the actual diagnosis (sCJD) was observed after the occurrence of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Clinicians should keep in mind that sCJD patients may initially have long-lasting psychiatric symptoms and give importance to subtle neurological signs and progressive cognitive decline."

Clinical • Bipolar Disorder • CNS Disorders • Depression • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder

Post-stroke depression remitting after accelerated intermittent theta-burst stimulation: case report (ECNP 2025) - "Sequential pharmacological trials—risperidone 1 mg/day, duloxetine 60 mg/day (stopped due to hyponatraemia), citalopram 20 mg/day, vortioxetine 20 mg/day, and mirtazapine 30 mg/day (four weeks)—failed to achieve remission. Comorbid Parkinson's disease was managed with levodopa/benserazide 600/150 mg/day...Moreover, rapid mood recovery may facilitate engagement in physical and cognitive therapies that underpin functional stroke outcomes. Controlled multi-centre studies are now warranted to verify efficacy, refine stimulation parameters, clarify durability, and explore whether maintenance or booster sessions are needed to sustain gains in this vulnerable population."

Case report • Clinical • CNS Disorders • Depression • Epilepsy • Major Depressive Disorder • Mood Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Psychiatry

Parkinson disease treatments on national essential medicines lists, African Region. (PubMed, Bull World Health Organ) - "Overall, of any formulation or strength, 81% (38/47) of countries included levodopa + carbidopa or levodopa + benserazide as a therapeutic alternative on their national lists; and 79% (37/47) included biperiden or trihexyphenidyl as a therapeutic alternative. While inclusion of medicines for Parkinson disease in national essential medicines lists provides no guarantee of immediate access, it can encourage procurement, prescribing and use, and can help lower costs, raise awareness of and create political will for Parkinson disease treatment. This analysis provides further evidence of the need for action to improve the accessibility of medicines for Parkinson disease in the WHO African Region."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Exploring the mechanism of Zhengan Xifeng decoction in treating Parkinson disease based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. (PubMed, Medicine (Baltimore)) - "Clinical studies have demonstrated that ZGXFD combined with Madopar significantly improves symptoms in PD patients...In summary, this study screened the active ingredients of ZGXFD and preliminarily predicted its potential targets and pathways for anti-Parkinsonian effects. These findings await further experimental validation, thus providing a substantial theoretical foundation for subsequent research into the anti-Parkinsonian mechanisms of ZGXFD and the development of related products."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Tianma Gouteng Granule improves motor deficits in mouse models of Parkinson's disease by regulating the necroptosis pathway (PubMed, Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao) - "TGY can effectively inhibit the necroptosis pathway, increase TH expression and decrease α-syn expression in the striatum to improve motor deficits in PD mice."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • RIPK1

Rapid-Onset SIADH Triggered by Combined Duloxetine and Levodopa Use in an Older Adult With Depression and Parkinsonism: A Previously Unreported Interaction. (PubMed, Int J Psychiatry Med) - "Both duloxetine and levodopa have been individually implicated in the development of SIADH, although the mechanism often remains unclear.MethodsSingle case presentation and review.ResultsA 73-year-old woman with newly diagnosed depression and parkinsonism was initiated on duloxetine (30 mg/day) and levodopa/benserazide (tradename Madopar) (100/25 mg, 3 times daily). The temporal proximity of symptom onset suggests a possible synergistic interaction. Clinicians should maintain vigilance for acute hyponatremia in older adults shortly after introducing serotonergic and dopaminergic agents."

Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Depression • Fatigue • Heart Failure • Mood Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Psychiatry

The dopamine stabilizer (-)-OSU6162 attenuates levodopa-induced dyskinesia in the unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson's disease. (PubMed, Neuroscience) - "To investigate whether (-)-OSU6162 can dampen levodopa-induced abnormal involuntary movements in the unilateral 6-OHDA rat model of Parkinson's disease without impairing levodopa-induced improvement in motor functioning, female Sprague Dawley rats received complete unilateral lesioning of the medial forebrain bundle and were treated daily with levodopa/benserazide. (-)-OSU6162 was found to significantly reduce levodopa-induced abnormal involuntary movements in dyskinetic rats without compromising the effect of levodopa in the stepping test. In conclusion, add-on of (-)-OSU6162 attenuates the expression of LID in the 6-OHDA rat model of Parkinson's disease without affecting the antiparkinsonian effect of levodopa."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease