hyoscine butylbromide oral / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Tradipitant for Motion Sickness: Expanding the Therapeutic Landscape of NK₁ Receptor Antagonists. (PubMed, J Pharm Technol) - "Scopolamine and first-generation antihistamines are commonly used to prevent and treat motion sickness; however, their use is limited by their significant adverse effect profiles. Tradipitant, the newest agent approved for motion sickness, provides clinicians with an additional treatment option for this common condition."

Journal • Review • Fatigue • Pain

Chronic Administration of Carvone-Rich Mentha spicata L. Essential Oil Attenuates Cognitive Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Zebrafish. (PubMed, Plants (Basel)) - "Scopolamine hydrobromide trihydrate (SCO, 100 µM) was administered for 30 min before each behavioral assessment and again before euthanasia, whereas galantamine (GAL, 1 mg/L) was administered 30 min before each SCO challenge. In silico descriptors were treated as hypothesis-generating and do not demonstrate zebrafish brain exposure. These findings support further investigation of carvone-rich MEO within a rescue/protection framework, with confirmation in independently replicated exposure tanks and inclusion of MEO-only controls."

Journal • Cognitive Disorders • Mood Disorders • Pain • Psychiatry

Jangwon-hwan Improves Memory Performance in Mice with Enhanced Cholinergic Signaling and Synaptic Plasticity. (PubMed, Pharmaceuticals (Basel)) - "Consistent with its effects on cholinergic signaling, JH attenuated scopolamine-induced memory impairment and preserved hippocampal phosphorylation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and cAMP response element-binding protein. Collectively, these findings indicate that the memory-enhancing effects of JH are associated with enhanced cholinergic signaling, synaptic plasticity, and hippocampal neuronal activation, providing molecular evidence supporting its traditional use for forgetfulness and poor memory."

Journal • Preclinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Insomnia • Sleep Disorder • SYP

A CotB1p-mediated one-step immobilization strategy for constructing GPCR affinity chromatography to screen multi-target natural product ligands. (PubMed, J Pharm Biomed Anal) - "Amygdalin, ephedrine/pseudoephedrine, scopolamine, atropine, forsythoside A, and phillyrin were identified as receptor-binding constituents selectively retained by different GPCR columns...In addition, cellular assays in human airway smooth muscle cells indicated that the screened compounds could reduce TNF-α-induced inflammatory cytokine production. Overall, this CotB1p-mediated one-step immobilization strategy provides a mild and efficient approach for preparing functional GPCR affinity stationary phases, offering a useful analytical platform for target-resolved screening of natural product ligands against multiple GPCRs."

Journal • Asthma • Immunology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • TNFA

Aging Reduces Basal Cholinergic Reserve, but the Pattern of Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment Remains Comparable in Rats. (PubMed, Behav Brain Res) - "Although normal aging depletes cholinergic reserves, the overall pattern of acute scopolamine-induced cognitive and neurochemical deficit remains highly consistent across age groups. Young rats exhibit behavioral and cholinergic responses similar to aged rats in the acute SIMI model. However, age-related differences and age-specific responses, such as stronger AChE reactivity, should be considered."

Journal • Preclinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Pain

Monitoring tropane alkaloids in plant-based beverages using μSPEed® strong cation exchange ordered mesoporous silica cartridges. (PubMed, Food Chem) - "Millet-based beverages, a previously unstudied matrix, showed the highest combined levels of atropine and scopolamine (1.2 μg/L), followed by oat-based (1.1 μg/L) and spelt-based beverages (0.83 μg/L). Maximum concentrations reached 0.80 μg/L for atropine and 1.03 μg/L for scopolamine, highlighting the need for legal limits to improve food safety."

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Hesperidin nanoparticles prevent scopolamine-induced cognition impairment through amplification of antioxidant defense system and cholinergic neurotransmission in mice. (PubMed, Niger J Physiol Sci) - "Mice were randomly assigned into 6 groups (n=6) and treated as follows; vehicle only, vehicle + SCOP (1mg/kg, i.p.), HES (1,10 and 50mg/kg, p.o., respectively) + SCOP and donepezil (1mg/kg; p.o.) + SCOP for 14 consecutive days followed by behavioral assessment for memory function using open field test, Y-maze, novel object recognition and Morris water maze for locomotion, working, cognition and spatial learning, respectively. Similarly, HES_ pretreatment reduced scopolamine-induced increase in lipid peroxidation and acetylcholinesterase activity and deficit in antioxidant enzyme activity in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex caused by SCOP. The results of the present study further showed the potential of hesperidin in nanoparticle form in the enhancement of memory formation through the amplification of antioxidant defense and cholinergic neurotransmission."

Journal • Preclinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Dementia • Metabolic Disorders

Therapeutic potential of Cola nitida against dexamethasone- and scopolamine-induced cognitive and cardiac dysfunction. (PubMed, Front Behav Neurosci) - "Male mice were randomly divided into six groups (n = 5): control (saline), scopolamine (3 mg/kg), scopolamine + dexamethasone (0.2 mg/kg), CN (50 mg/kg) + scopolamine, CN + scopolamine + dexamethasone, and donepezil (1 mg/kg) + scopolamine + dexamethasone. Docking revealed strong affinities of CN flavonoids and procyanidins for Akt, GLP-1 receptor, Keap1, AChE, and TYK2, implicating them in glucose regulation, redox balance, and cholinergic neurotransmission. These findings highlight the neuroprotective and cardiometabolic benefits of Cola nitida and support its therapeutic potential for cognitive and metabolic disorders."

Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Pain • KEAP1 • TYK2

Analysis of 113 Mycotoxins and Plant Toxins in Wheat, Soy and Pea Protein Concentrates from the German Market Reveals, i.a., a High Prevalence of Alterperylenol in Wheat Gluten. (PubMed, Toxins (Basel)) - "From plant toxins, the tropane alkaloids atropine and scopolamine were detected in wheat gluten and soy protein...Ergot alkaloids were found in 95% of wheat gluten samples, but none exceeded the ML. The highest co-occurrence of different toxins was observed in wheat gluten (median: 22, max: 27 toxins/sample), followed by soy protein (median: five, max: nine toxins/sample) and pea protein (median: one, max: five toxins/sample)."

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Effect of pipernonaline from Piper retrofractum on memory disorder in mice and neurite outgrowth activity of PC12 cells. (PubMed, Med Chem Res) - "Moreover, the Barnes maze test showed that oral administration of compound 7 in mice improved memory disorders induced by scopolamine and corticosterone. These results provide extremely valuable foundational knowledge for elucidating the cognitive function-improving effects of P. retrofractum, a food spice."

Journal • Preclinical • Cognitive Disorders

Biosynthesis-Informed Putative Annotation Reveals Alkaloid Profiles Across Tissues of Anisodus luridus. (PubMed, Metabolites) - "Hyoscyamine and scopolamine were identified using authentic standards, and the remaining 16 features were putatively annotated, including dihydroanisodamine, hexosylhyoscyamine, and several PPAs not previously reported in A. luridus... This workflow supports the putative annotation of alkaloids in non-model medicinal plants. The observed tissue-specific distribution patterns provide a basis for future comparative studies with A. belladonna and for evaluating cultivation, tissue-selective harvesting, and extraction strategies."

Journal

To Study the Effect of Nilotinib, a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, on Learning and Memory and Its Comparison with Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor in an Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease. (PubMed, Ann Neurosci) - "This study aimed to compare the effect of nilotinib (a tyrosine kinase inhibitor) and N ω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) as agents that improve learning and memory processes in a scopolamine-induced rat model of AD with memantine. Nilotinib demonstrated superior efficacy to L-NAME and may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for AD. Further studies are warranted to evaluate long-term effects and clinical applicability."

Journal • Preclinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Pain

Mycotoxins and plant alkaloids in plant-based protein foods and meat alternatives: Occurrence, exposure and risk assessment. (PubMed, Food Chem) - "Atropine and scopolamine were most frequently detected plant alkaloids, with maximum levels in soybeans reaching 33 and 12 μg/kg, respectively. Risk assessment identified extruded soy-based products, veggie burger mixes and rice proteins as major contributors to natural toxin exposure, with elevated risks for aflatoxin B1, Alternaria toxins and atropine/scopolamine, particularly in children."

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Modulatory effects of α7-nicotinic cholinergic receptors on perceptual sensitivity in a visual signal detection task. (PubMed, Psychopharmacology (Berl)) - "These findings demonstrate that α7 nAChR modulation bidirectionally and dose-dependently regulates perceptual sensitivity, irrespective of attentional distraction. These findings have implications for targeted cognitive enhancement in disorders of attention."

Journal • COMT

Scopolamine Prevents Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Depressive Disorder, Potentially via Its Anti-Inflammatory Effects. (PubMed, J Inflamm Res) - "This study bears several important limitations that constrain the robustness of our mechanistic conclusions. Future investigations with larger sample sizes, as well as animal models employing NF‑κB‑specific inhibitor intervention or NF‑κB gene knockout, are therefore warranted."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Depression • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Psychiatry • GPX4 • IL6 • MFN2

Acemannan as a potential therapeutic agent for cognitive impairment via modulation of cholinergic, oxidative, and inflammatory pathways: in vivo and in silico evidence. (PubMed, 3 Biotech) - "Overall, acemannan attenuated scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment through multiple neuroprotective mechanisms, supporting its potential as a neuroprotective candidate for cognitive dysfunction associated with neurodegenerative disorders in this model of rats. The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-026-05068-4."

Journal • Preclinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Inflammation • Pain • BDNF • CASP3 • CHRM1 • IL1B • IL6 • SIRT1 • TNFA

Formoterol attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced mnemonic impairment in the delayed nonmatch to position task in rats. (PubMed, Behav Pharmacol) - "By means of validation, the effect of treatment with the muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine [0.02 mg/kg, subcutaneously (s.c.)], known to disrupt performance in the task, and its reversal by coadministration of the cognitive-enhancing agent and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor donepezil (0.3 mg/kg, s.c.) were confirmed. Coadministration of Formoterol (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) attenuated LPS-driven mnemonic impairments in males but not females. Overall, the results show the DNMTP task is a paradigm sensitive to acute systemic inflammation and indicate that Formoterol may have useful anti-inflammatory properties in mitigating inflammatory-associated cognitive impairment."

Journal • Preclinical • Cognitive Disorders • Inflammation

A Comprehensive Review on the Biosynthesis of Tropane Alkaloids. (PubMed, Molecules) - "Tropane alkaloids (TA) constitute a class of plant specialized metabolites with important pharmaceutical applications, including the anticholinergic agents hyoscyamine and scopolamine and the local anesthetic cocaine...We further integrate advances in genomics, evolutionary biology, and metabolic engineering to highlight emerging strategies for microbial production and pathway redesign. By providing a comprehensive synthesis of recent progress and critical perspectives on unresolved questions, this review offers an updated framework for understanding TA biosynthesis and supports future research in plant specialized metabolism, synthetic biology, and natural product engineering."

Journal • Review • Anesthesia

Scopolamine ameliorates psoriasis by blocking M1 receptor-mediated IL-23 production in dendritic cells. (PubMed, J Immunol) - "In this study, a pilot clinical trial demonstrated that intravenous scopolamine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist, significantly ameliorated skin lesions in psoriasis patients. Consistently, scopolamine reduced inflammation in an imiquimod-induced mouse model...Crucially, the protective effect of M1R deficiency was abolished by recombinant IL-23 administration, whereas scopolamine failed to inhibit inflammation induced by direct IL-23 injection, confirming its action upstream of cytokine release. Collectively, our findings provide compelling evidence that scopolamine treats psoriasis by antagonizing elevated ACh and blocking M1 receptor-mediated IL-23 release in DCs."

Journal • Dermatology • Immunology • Inflammation • Psoriasis • IL23A

Effects of Ban Lian Zi Jin compound on intestinal barrier and apoptosis of Heat-stressed broilers. (PubMed, Poult Sci) - "LC-MS results indicate that components such as scopolamine and magnolol in BLZJ may alleviate heat stress-induced intestinal barrier damage through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and regulatory activities.Moreover, Supplementation with BLZJ significantly increasing the jejunum gene expression of TJPs (Occludin, Claudin-1, Claudin-5), MUCs (MUC2, E-cadherin) and the anti-apoptotic protein(BCL2)(P<0.05), significantly decreased the jejunum gene expression of pro-apoptotic factors (BAX, CYTC, caspase-3, caspase-9)(P < 0.05), enhanced the abundance of beneficial gut microbiota, and improved microbial community stability. In conclusion, BLZJ can repair intestinal barrier damage in heat stressed broiler chickens by enhancing tight junctions and mucin expression, regulating intestinal microbiota homeostasis, and inhibiting excessive intestinal mucosal apoptosis."

IO biomarker • Journal • BAX • BCL2 • CASP3 • CASP9 • CDH1 • CLDN1 • CLDN5 • MUC2 • OCLN

Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia potentially triggered by hyoscine butylbromide in a young woman undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy: a case report. (PubMed, Int J Surg Case Rep) - "Near the end of the procedure, after returning from the Trendelenburg position, she received intravenous hyoscine butylbromide (20 mg), paracetamol, and diclofenac. Even a single intravenous dose of hyoscine butylbromide may induce AVNRT in susceptible individuals. Perioperative teams should remain alert to this rare but clinically significant complication."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Critical care • Hypotension • Ventricular Tachycardia

Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-based HDAC6 Inhibitor a17 for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. (PubMed, Eur J Pharmacol) - "Furthermore, a17 markedly improved scopolamine-induced memory deficits in mice. Collectively, these findings indicate that an HDAC6 inhibitor, a17, was found to attenuate AD-associated pathological and behavioral markers by regulating the expression of ODC1, Serpine1, or PAG-1. Accordingly, a17 merit consideration for a pharmacological treatment of choice for AD."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Targeted Protein Degradation • HDAC6 • ODC1 • SERPINE1

Nauclea officinalis extract rescues working memory deficits in adolescent maternal immune activation offspring by restoring cholinergic signaling. (PubMed, Front Cell Dev Biol) - "NOE (20 mg/kg) significantly improved 30-s delay working memory performance, an effect blocked by the muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine (SCO) and mimicked by the AChE inhibitor physostigmine (PHY)...NOE alleviates MIA-induced working memory deficits by reducing neuroinflammation and, crucially, by functionally potentiating cholinergic transmission in the IL-mPFC. The findings highlight the IL cholinergic system as a critical therapeutic target and position NOE as a promising multi-target agent for cognitive impairments in neurodevelopmental disorders."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Inflammation • Pain • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia • IL1B • IL6 • TNFA

Dual Inhibitors of p38α Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Butyrylcholinesterase for the Modulation of Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Dysfunction. (PubMed, J Med Chem) - "In vivo, compound 21 enhanced cognitive performance in mouse models of scopolamine-induced amnesia and LPS-stimulated neuroinflammatory cognitive impairment. Collectively, these results document the potential of structure-assisted design to achieve selective dual-target pharmacology within a single molecular entity."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Inflammation

Cognitive-Enhancing Effects of Hesperetin-Rich CNE against Neuronal Damage and Memory Impairment by Regulating AKT/Nrf2 and BDNF/CREB Signaling. (PubMed, Biomol Ther (Seoul)) - "In a scopolamine-induced mouse model, oral administration of CNE (50 or 100 mg/kg/day) improved cognitive performance in behavioral tests...Several phytochemicals exhibited protective effects, suggesting that the biological activity of CNE may result from the combined actions of multiple constituents rather than a single compound. These findings suggest that CNE attenuates oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage and improves cognitive function through coordinated regulation of antioxidant defense, neurotrophic signaling, and cholinergic function."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders