Covaxin (BBV152 COVID Vaccine) / Bharat Biotech, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ocugen - LARVOL DELTA

Long-term humoral and cellular immune responses following Covaxin vaccination: a 2-year prospective longitudinal study. (PubMed, Front Immunol) - "Compared with Covishield, Covaxin elicited milder immune responses, possibly contributing to its favorable safety profile. Overall, this study provides one of the first longitudinal analyses of the humoral and T-cell responses to Covaxin, a vaccine widely administered in India and neighboring Southeast Asian countries."

Journal • Observational data • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases • CD4

Association of COVID-19 vaccines and antibody response in individuals with prior Coronavirus infection. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "Covishield and Covaxin were among the most common vaccines given in India to control the spread of the coronavirus and its variants among the public. Individuals with prior COVID-19 infection showed higher serum IgA antibody levels. Serum and salivary IgA levels were even detected in a group of participants with more than 12 months post-vaccination period."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases

COVID-19 Seroprevalence among Old-age Home Residents of Odisha, India. (PubMed, Indian J Public Health) - "Around 98% of the elderly population had received Covishield vaccine and the rest 2% had received Covaxin. These findings suggest that antibody testing of individuals in old-age homes is helpful for disease surveillance and a critical screening tool in the pursuit of reducing the mortality in this pandemic."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Effectiveness of BBV152 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infections, hospitalizations and deaths among healthcare workers in the setting of high delta variant transmission in New Delhi, India. (PubMed, Natl Med J India) - "The partial dose was not effective. Conclusion The BBV152 vaccine, with complete two doses, offered a modest response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in real-life situations against a backdrop of high delta variant community transmission."

Journal • Retrospective data • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases

SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induced humoral & cell-mediated immune responses in Indian cohort of rheumatoid arthritis. (PubMed, Indian J Med Res) - "Interpretation & conclusions Our study presents the increased effectiveness of Covishield in initiating responses compared to Covaxin. Covishield vaccinated patients with rheumatoid arthritis show higher antigen specificity and T cell activation indicating a shift of the immune system towards a Th1 phenotype, which makes it imperative to focus on development of safe and durable vaccines with a continuous follow up for the patients with rheumatoid arthritis to control disease severity."

Journal • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammatory Arthritis • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Rheumatology • IFNG • TNFA

A Self-Reported Survey-Based Evaluation of the Real-World Effectiveness of Non-mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines During the Second Pandemic Wave in India. (PubMed, Cureus) - "BI rates were similar between Covishield (12.7%) and Covaxin (13.9%) recipients (p=0.4). Despite higher exposure, healthcare workers had lower infection severity and mortality. These findings highlight the importance of optimized vaccine dosing, booster doses for high-risk groups, and continued public health measures."

Journal • Real-world evidence • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Immunogenicity and safety of Biological E's CORBEVAX™ vaccine as a heterologous booster dose in adult volunteers previously vaccinated with two doses of either COVISHIELD™ or COVAXIN: A prospective double-blind randomized phase III clinical study. (PubMed, IJID Reg) - "One serious adverse event occurred and was deemed unrelated to the booster. In conclusion, heterologous boosting with CORBEVAX™ substantially enhanced humoral and cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 VoCs while being well tolerated."

Clinical • Journal • P3 data • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases • IFNG

AEFI Pattern among Adolescent COVID-19 Vaccine and Perception Regarding Vaccination among Adolescents: A Mixed-Methods Study. (PubMed, Indian J Community Med) - "There were only very limited number of studies assessing the AEFI after Covaxin vaccination in the adolescent age group and hence this study was performed to assess the adverse reaction following immunization and the factors associated with it among the adolescent age group...Still, further studies with larger cohort are warranted to study the long-term effects of vaccination as well. It's encouraging that the adolescents were optimistic about availing vaccine."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Pain

Time-to-event analysis of COVID-19 precautionary dose vaccination among healthcare workers in a teaching institute of a metropolitan city in India, using Co-WIN data. (PubMed, J Family Med Prim Care) - "This study aims to analyze the uptake patterns of precautionary doses among HCWs for Covishield and Covaxin vaccines using time-to-event analysis. These findings highlight the need for targeted education and risk communication strategies to ensure timely vaccination among HCWs. The study also highlights the value of having good data stored in vaccination platforms, analyzed, and interpreted for informed decision-making in future health campaigns."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Assessing breakthrough infections: Covishield (late schedule) versus Covaxin - A prospective comparative analysis in the general population. (PubMed, J Family Med Prim Care) - "BTI was not significantly associated with the type of vaccine, sex, employment status, and age category of the participants. The study suggests that regardless of the type of vaccine received, the population will be at the same risk and require similar future containment strategies."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Hypertension • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Novel Coronavirus Disease

Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines Among Pregnant Women in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Covishield and Covaxin were the vaccines taken by them. No studies on efficacy and effectiveness could be found. Our pooled analysis concluded that COVID-19 vaccination among pregnant women in India is not associated with the increased risk of AEFIs or maternal or fetal outcomes."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases

5-Aminolevulinic Acid Phosphate as an Immune System Enhancer Along with Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 Virus Infection: An Open-Label, Randomized Pilot Study. (PubMed, Life (Basel)) - "In the intervention arm, the study product was administered together with the vaccines Covishield or Covaxin, and up to 21 days thereafter with a 150 mg daily dose, whereas in the control arm, the subjects were vaccinated only. Moreover, the 'Change in Immunoglobulin G levels', although statistically insignificant, showed strong signals of its immune supportive potential. However, further studies are recommended to verify the results."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Adverse Effects Following Covishield and Covaxin Vaccination in Pregnant and Non-pregnant Women: A Comparative Study From Ranchi, Jharkhand. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Conclusions Both Covishield and Covaxin demonstrated acceptable safety profiles in pregnant and non-pregnant women, though Covaxin showed a higher AEFI rate. The types and frequencies of adverse effects were comparable between pregnant and non-pregnant women, suggesting that COVID-19 vaccination can be safely administered during pregnancy."

Adverse events • Journal • Allergy • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Pain

COVID-19 VACCINATION INDUCED AUTOIMMUNE RHEUMATIC DISEASES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF CASE REPORTS (EULAR 2025) - "In 366 patients, the type of vaccine was specified in the report, which is as follows: Pfizer in 203 (55.7%), AstraZeneca in 92 (25.1%), Moderna in 38 (10.4%), Sinopharm in 8 (2.2%), CoronaVac (Sinovac) in 6 (1.6%), Covishield in 4 (1.1%), Covaxin in 4 (1.1%), Janssen & Janssen in 4 (1.1%), COVIran Barekat in 4 (1.1%) and Sputnik in 3 (0.8%) cases... This systematic review provides important insights into ARDs after COVID-19 vaccination and has significant clinical implications. Clinicians should be cautious and consider ARDs in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with musculoskeletal or multisystem complaints after vaccination, especially nucleic acid-based vaccines."

Case report • Clinical • Review • Fatigue • Hepatitis B • Hepatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Inflammatory Arthritis • Influenza • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Musculoskeletal Pain • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Pain • Pruritus • Respiratory Diseases • Rheumatology • Rubella • Tetanus • Vasculitis

COVID-19 vaccination and utility of booster dose: A community-based cross-sectional study. (PubMed, Vaccine) - "While vaccination effectively increases antibody levels and reduces hospitalizations and severe outcomes, additional booster doses may offer limited benefits for the general population, as there appears to be a ceiling effect in both humoral and cellular immunity after the second dose. Given the potential adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccination, the decision to administer multiple booster doses to specific population groups must be based on further studies that directly address this issue, along with a thorough risk-benefit analysis."

Journal • Observational data • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases

COVID-19 Vaccination and Infection: Effect on Maternal and Cord Blood Antibody Levels at Delivery. (PubMed, J Obstet Gynaecol India) - "Covishield and Covaxin vaccines elicited comparable rises in antibody levels in both groups. Vaccinated group showed a trend of higher maternal and cord blood antibody levels and antibody transfer ratio to fetus than in the infected after vaccination group. To enhance neonatal antibody levels, pregnant women need not wait until the third trimester for vaccination."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease

LOW BMI IS AN INDEPENDENT DETERMINANT OF VACCINE NON-RESPONSE IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE IN INDIA: ANALYSIS OF SEROLOGICAL RESPONSES TO SARS-COV-2 VACCINATION (DDW 2025) - "Multivariate analysis including gender, IBD type, smoking status, comorbidities, IBD medications, and a history of COVID-19 diagnosis as covariates revealed low BMI (dose 1: OR: 1.12 [CI: 0.084, 0.136]; dose 2: 1.11 [0.076, 0.128]), infliximab (dose 1: 1.67 [-.92, 1.94]), and current steroid use (dose 1: 1.50 [-1.384, 2.195]; dose 2: 0.200 [-3.76 0.54]) as independent determinants of lower seroprevalence levels after receiving a dose of Covishield or Covaxin. The association with low BMI represents a unique finding compared with studies in the West. These data are useful for future pandemic vaccine considerations in patients with IBD."

Clinical • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases

COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Medical Students of North Delhi, India. (PubMed, Arch Razi Inst) - "India has managed to successfully develop and approve two vaccines for COVID-19, namely COVAXIN and Covishield. About one-fourth of the participants mentioned serious side effects as the reason for vaccine hesitancy. Introduction to an education curriculum in the Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) can enhance students' knowledge regarding COVID-19 vaccines and their preventive aspects for the future."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease

Effect of heterologous intranasal iNCOVACC® vaccination as a booster to two-dose intramuscular Covid-19 vaccination series: a randomized phase 3 clinical trial. (PubMed, Commun Med (Lond)) - P3 | "These findings demonstrate that impact of booster across different cohorts is governed by infection status of the individual and geographical diversity, thus necessitating large cohorts, well distributed studies before Covid-19 booster effects are interpreted."

Journal • P3 data • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Comparing ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Coronavirus Vaccine (Recombinant) (Covishield) and BBV152; Bharat Biotech COVID-19 Vaccine (Covaxin) for COVID-19: Reports of Adverse Events Following Vaccination among the Indian Population. (PubMed, Indian J Public Health) - "Our study observed that both ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BBV152 have a favorable safety profile without serious AEFIs in any of the beneficiaries."

Adverse events • Clinical • Journal • Fatigue • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Pain

Analysing adaptive immune responses to BBV152 (Covaxin) and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Covishield) (ESCMID Global 2025) - No abstract available

Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease

A Cross-Sectional Study on Side Effects of "Corbevax" Covid-19 Vaccine among 12- to 14-Year Age Group in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh. (PubMed, Indian J Community Med) - "Initially, Covaxin and Covishield were used...Of all the participants, 41.48% had developed side-effects with pain at site of injection being the most commonly reported symptom (64.29%), and about half among those affected had resolved spontaneously. The vaccine causes only mild symptoms and is safe for use in children."

Adverse events • Journal • Observational data • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Pain • Respiratory Diseases

Antibody Response to Covishield and Covaxin in Kidney Transplant Recipients. (PubMed, Indian J Nephrol) - "There was no episode of rejection. Both ChAdOx1-nCOV and BBV-152 were well tolerated and induced robust antibody formation in KTRs in the Indian population."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Musculoskeletal Pain • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Pain • Respiratory Diseases • Solid Organ Transplantation • Transplantation

Comparative efficacy of leading COVID-19 vaccines: A network meta-analysis. (PubMed, Indian J Med Res) - "The statistically significant direct estimates were obtained by Spikevax [VE: 93.29 (91.31, 95.27); P<0.05], Pfizer BioNTech [VE: 92.07 (90.03, 94.12); P<0.05], Sputnik [VE: 91.60 (85.60, 97.60); P<0.05], Novavax [VE: 88.99 (83.55, 94.42); P<0.05], Sinovac [VE: 83.50 (65.40, 101.60); P<0.05], Covifenz [VE: 77.27 (68.48, 86.06); P<0.05], Zifivax [VE: 75.94 (70.86, 81.02); P<0.05], Covishield [VE: 72.34 (67.12, 77.56); P<0.05], S-Trimer [VE: 71.61 (56.23, 86.98); P<0.05], Covaxin [VE: 70.81 (65.33, 76.29); P<0.05], Soberna [VE: 69.70 (56.50, 82.90); P<0.05], Zydus Cadila [VE: 66.60 (47.60, 85.60); P<0.05], CVnCoV [VE: 63.70 (52.20, 75.20); P<0.05], Convidecia [VE: 57.50 (39.70, 75.30); P <0.05], and Jcovden [VE : 52.42 (47.28, 57.57); P<0.05]. Spikevax emerged triumphant with an unparalleled P score of 0.95, solidifying its status as a top ranking prevention tool against the COVID-19 in our investigation. Our analysis reveals a..."

Clinical • Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease

Serious adverse events following immunization and predictors of mortality associated with COVID-19 vaccination in India: a secondary data analysis of nationwide causality assessments. (PubMed, Ther Adv Vaccines Immunother) - "The majority of the serious AEFIs were reported among recipients of Covishield (1891, 69.8%) followed by Covaxin (347, 12.8%). On multivariable analysis, females (p = 0.001), younger age groups (p < 0.001), AEFIs whose causality was determined and classified (p < 0.001), AEFI involving gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric system (p < 0.001), AEFIs reported from North and Western India (p = 0.001) and those occurring during the winter season (p < 0.05) had significantly lower odds of mortality. Among the cohort of serious AEFIs reported, older age, male sex, undetermined or unclassifiable causality classification, and involvement of the cardiovascular system were associated with significantly higher odds of mortality and require close monitoring following vaccination."

Adverse events • Journal • Serious adverse event • Cardiovascular • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Psychiatry