FML, FML Forte (fluorometholone ophthalmic suspension) / AbbVie - LARVOL DELTA

Tacrolimus exerts anti-inflammatory effects in moderate to severe dry eye through activation of autophagy-lysosomal pathway. (PubMed, Exp Eye Res) - "We evaluated the effect of 0.1% FK506 versus 0.1% fluorometholone eye drops on patients with moderate to severe dry eye...Overall, FK506 alleviates the symptoms and signs of moderate to severe dry eye by suppressing the inflammatory response in corneal epithelial cells. This therapeutic effect is mediated through the activation of the TFEB-driven autophagy-lysosomal pathway."

Journal • Corneal Abrasion • Dry Eye Disease • Inflammation • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • IL1B • LAMP1 • TFEB • TNFA

Observational study on the use of anti-inflammatory and IOP-lowering eye drops in patients with refractive regression after corneal laser surgery. (PubMed, Medicine (Baltimore)) - "This retrospective observational study describes the clinical outcomes and examines the association between refractive regression and corneal epithelial remodeling in patients treated with combined fluorometholone and intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering eye drops after corneal laser surgery...However, as this was an observational study without a control group, causality cannot be inferred. Further controlled studies are needed to validate these findings."

Journal • Observational data • Retrospective data • Ocular Inflammation

Study of Effects of Topical Fluorometholone on Tear MCP-1 in Eyes Undergoing Trabeculectomy: Effect on Early Trabeculectomy Outcomes in Asian Glaucoma Patients. (PubMed, J Clin Med) - "Patients with FML treatment had lower odds of requiring any post-operative intervention (including needling, surgery, or IOP-lowering medications) (OR 0.22, CI 0.049-0.95, p = 0.042) compared to patients who did not have pre-operative FML treatment. In patients with higher levels of MCP-1 pre-operatively, the use of FML for 2 weeks pre-operatively improved their early post-operative outcomes following trabeculectomy or phaco-trabeculectomy."

Journal • Glaucoma • Ophthalmology • CCL2

Optimal pulse technology combined with tobramycin and dexamethasone eye ointment in the treatment of blepharokeratoconjunctivitis: an impact on ocular surface disease index. (PubMed, Pharmacology) - "The addition of OPT to standard therapy for BKC is safe and provides superior short-term efficacy. It can alleviate lid margin inflammation, improve ocular surface symptoms, and enhance visual-related quality of life."

Journal • Conjunctivitis • Dry Eye Disease • Inflammation • Ocular Infections • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology

The OPTIMISE Study (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=342 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Maastricht University Medical Center | Not yet recruiting ➔ Recruiting | Trial completion date: Mar 2027 ➔ Mar 2029 | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2026 ➔ Sep 2028

Enrollment open • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Ophthalmology • Transplantation

Tacrolimus Ophthalmic Suspension Can Be an Effective Treatment Option for Biologic-Induced Refractory Conjunctivitis. (PubMed, Cureus) - "The disease is primarily driven by Th2-associated cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, and IL-31, which contribute to inflammation and exacerbate pruritus, perpetuating the "itch-scratch cycle." Recently, biologics targeting Th2 cytokines - such as dupilumab, lebrikizumab, and tralokinumab - have emerged as effective treatment options for moderate-to-severe AD...Herein, we report a case of AD successfully controlled with lebrikizumab, in which the patient developed conjunctivitis refractory to artificial tears and fluorometholone eye drops. Switching to tacrolimus ophthalmic suspension resulted in marked improvement. While tacrolimus eye drops are not approved for conjunctivitis, they are indicated for vernal keratoconjunctivitis and may be considered in severe cases of AD-related conjunctivitis in consultation with ophthalmologists."

Journal • Atopic Dermatitis • Conjunctivitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Dry Eye Disease • Immunology • Inflammation • Ocular Infections • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Pruritus • IL13

The Potential Role of Topical Losartan in Reducing Subepithelial Haze in Traumatic Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) Flap Avulsion. (PubMed, Cureus) - "A bandage contact lens was placed combined with moxifloxacin eye drops...The patient was continued on moxifloxacin four times a day (QID) and transitioned to Tobradex drops QID at day nine with improvement in UDVA to 20/30-2...Topical losartan 0.8 mg/mL was added six times per day along with fluorometholone two times a day (BID)...Uncorrected visual acuity after LASIK flap amputation is generally favorable, especially if corneal haze can be prevented. Topical losartan has anti-fibrotic activity through inhibition of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway, and in conjunction with topical steroids, may be effective in improving corneal haze in patients with a traumatic LASIK flap amputation."

Journal • Pain • TGFB1

Empirical treatment of keratosclerouveitis and visual rehabilitation in resource-limited settings (SOE 2025) - "Due to the absence of corneal cultures or PCR diagnostics, empirical treatment was initiated with antivirals, wide-spectrum antibiotics, cycloplegics, MMP inhibitors (doxycycline, FML eye drops), and oral NSAIDs... This case emphasizes the need for early, comprehensive empirical treatment of keratosclerouveitis, particularly in resource-limited settings. The successful integration of surgical and optical interventions underscores the potential for significant visual rehabilitation, even in complex cases."

Cataract • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Uveitis

Multifunctional Mesoporous Titanium Dioxide Nanodrug for Corneal Haze Treatment and Its Mechanism. (PubMed, Biomater Res) - "In this study, we discovered that Tet@TiO2 and tetrandrine (Tet), but not TiO2, displayed a characteristic absorption peak at 282 nm...Compared with those in the control and TiO2 groups, the α-smooth muscle actin, connective tissue growth factor, and type III collagen fibers in the Tet@TiO2 group decreased more significantly after fluorometholone eye drop and Tet treatment, indicating that Tet@TiO2 can effectively inhibit the expression of these inflammatory factors during corneal haze formation. Moreover, Tet@TiO2 showed good, sustained antibacterial properties. More importantly, we found that Tet@TiO2 could effectively down-regulate the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and up-regulate the expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) by modulating the inflammatory PI3K-AKT-Bax/Bcl-2 signaling pathway after corneal surface refractive surgery to effectively prevent and treat corneal haze by..."

IO biomarker • Journal • B Cell Lymphoma • Lymphoma • Oncology • BAX • CTGF

Fluorometholone inhibits corneal epithelial proliferation, migration via targeting Rho GTPases: RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42. (PubMed, Exp Eye Res) - "Moreover, these pathways were similarly downregulated in tear samples from clinical patients. In conclusion, FML inhibits CEC proliferation and migration by modulating the Rho GTPase signaling network, especially through RhoA/Rac1/Cdc42, thereby suppressing the Erk/NF-κB pathway."

Journal • CDC42 • RAC1 • RHOA

A case of primary meningococcal conjunctivitis in an older patient. (PubMed, J Infect Chemother) - "Levofloxacin 1.5% eye drops and fluorometholone 0.1% eye drops, each four times daily, were initiated before the results of conjunctival culture were available...Cefmenoxime hydrochloride 0.5% eye drops eight times daily were added and a single dose of oral levofloxacin 500 mg was administered to prevent IMD...All ST-11026 isolates have been found to lack the ability to synthesize capsular polysaccharide, which is one of the meningococcal pathogenicity. If a patient presents with conjunctivitis with copious ocular purulent discharge, conjunctival culture should be performed promptly for early diagnosis of PMC regardless of the patient's age."

Journal • Achromatopsia • Conjunctivitis • Infectious Disease • Meningococcal Infections • Mood Disorders • Ocular Infections • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Pain

Efficacy and safety of ROH-101 (0.15% ganciclovir gel) for cytomegalovirus corneal endotheliitis: an open-label, uncontrolled, phase 3 study in Japan. (PubMed, Jpn J Ophthalmol) - "ROH-101 was a safe and efficacious treatment in Japanese patients diagnosed with CMV corneal endotheliitis."

Journal • P3 data • Cytomegalovirus Infection • Inflammation

Adjunct Topical Human Immunoglobulin IgG Therapy in Dry Eye Disease. (PubMed, Indian J Ophthalmol) - "Topical immunoglobulin IgG 0.4% as adjunct therapy seems to have a definitive role in reducing topical steroid and lubricant dependency in moderate to severe chronic DED compared to conventional therapy."

Journal • Dry Eye Disease • Ophthalmology

Primary Results of the FLuorometholone as Adjunctive MEdical Therapy for Trachomatous Trichiasis Surgery (FLAME) Trial (ARVO 2025) - "The trial found the treatment to be ineffective in avoiding relapses (same risk of recurrence as with placebo). The results suggest that fluorometholone eyedrops would be safe for indications in which they were more useful."

Surgery • Cataract • Ophthalmology

Once-daily Fluorometholone Vs Twice-daily Cyclosporine in Dry Eye Disease (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=32 | Completed | Sponsor: Korea University Anam Hospital

New P4 trial • Dry Eye Disease • Ophthalmology

Clinical Efficacy of Tobramycin Dexamethasone+Pranoprofen Eye Drops on Endophthalmitis in Cataract Patients Complicated with Diabetes Mellitus after Intraocular Lens Implantation. (PubMed, Niger J Clin Pract) - "Tobramycin dexamethasone+pranoprofen eye drops can inhibit inflammation better, recover vision faster, and make the incidence of adverse reactions lower in treating cataract patients complicated with DM developing endophthalmitis induced."

Clinical • Journal • Cataract • Diabetes • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Ocular Infections • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology

A case of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related conjunctivitis controlled by tacrolimus eye drops. (PubMed, Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep) - "We report a case where tacrolimus eye drops may have alleviated immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-related conjunctivitis attributed to nivolumab...Initially, the patient was diagnosed with allergic conjunctivitis, managed with 0.1 % fluorometholone eye drops, 4 times daily in both eyes, but the symptoms did not improve despite 27 weeks of treatment, ICI-related conjunctivitis was considered, and the patient was prescribed with, 0.1 % tacrolimus eye drops twice daily in both eyes...The condition remains in remission with 0.1 % tacrolimus eye drops applied once daily in both eyes. Tacrolimus eye drops may have played a role to suppress ICI-related conjunctivitis."

Checkpoint inhibition • Journal • Conjunctivitis • Ocular Infections • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology

Observation on the effect of Zhangyanming tablets combined with fluorometholone eye drops (0.02%) and human epidermal growth factor eye drops in the treatment of moderate and severe dry eye disease (ChiCTR) - P4 | N=122 | Completed | Sponsor: Shenzhen Eye Hospital (SZEH); Shenzhen Eye Hospital(SZEH) | Recruiting ➔ Completed

Trial completion • Dry Eye Disease • Ophthalmology

Efficacy of moisture chamber goggles combined with fluorometholone eye drops on visual function and oxidative stress in patients with dry eye disease. (PubMed, Am J Transl Res) - "The combination of Moisture Chamber Goggles and Fluorometholone eye drops significantly improves subjective visual quality, promotes tear secretion, stabilizes the tear film, and reduces inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in patients with dry eye disease, while maintaining a favorable safety profile."

Journal • Dry Eye Disease • Ocular Inflammation • Oncology • Ophthalmology • TNFA

Comparison of the Effect of and Compliance With Cyclosporine 0.1% After Various Pretreatments in Dry Eye Disease. (PubMed, J Ophthalmol) - "Thirty patients (Group 1, 60 eyes) were not pretreated, while 68 patients (Group 2, 136 eyes) were pretreated with fluorometholone 0.1%, and 39 patients (Group 3, 78 eyes) were pretreated with cyclosporine 0.05% before treatment with cyclosporine 0.1%... Pretreatment with cyclosporine 0.05% can augment the anti-inflammatory effect of cyclosporine 0.1%. Pretreatment with a steroid or a lower concentration of cyclosporine can increase compliance in patients using a cyclosporine 0.1% eye drop."

Compliance • Journal • Dry Eye Disease • Immunology • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Sjogren's Syndrome • MMP9

The FLuorometholone as Adjunctive MEdical Therapy for Trachomatous Trichiasis Surgery (FLAME) Trial: Study Design. (PubMed, Ophthalmic Epidemiol) - P3 | "The FLAME Trial is designed to provide evidence of the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of adjunctive topical peri-/postoperative fluorometholone 0.1% therapy with trichiasis surgery, which is hypothesized to reduce the risk of recurrent trichiasis while being acceptably safe. https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04149210."

Clinical • Journal • Surgery • Cataract • Ophthalmology

Comparison of therapeutic effects of 0.05% Cyclosporine A versus 0.1% Fluorometholone in Chinese patients with mild dry eye unresponsive to artificial tears: a randomized control study. (PubMed, BMC Ophthalmol) - P=N/A | "The administration of 0.05% CsA proved effective in managing mild DED, offering a supplementary advantage in improving Schirmer scores, restoring CGC density and reducing corneal DC density compared to 0.1% FML eyedrops. Consequently, 0.05% CsA eyedrops are recommended as a safe and efficacious therapeutic alternative for patients with mild DED who fail to respond to conventional tear substitutes therapy."

Clinical • Journal • Dry Eye Disease • Ophthalmology

Resolution Of A Pterygium-Associated Dellen Combined With Ciprofloxacin Deposits In The Cornea (ESCRS 2024) - "Fluorometholone 0.1% (3 times/per day) and preservative- free artificial tears were added... Management and follow-up of corneal dellen can be challenging due to a high risk of corneal perforation. As presented in our case report, topical lubricants, and bandage contact lenses were proved to be an appropriate therapy. This case is unique because according to our knowledge, there is not any previously documented report of corneal dellen associated with ciprofloxacin deposits in literature so far."

Ophthalmology • Retinal Disorders

Ocular Infection By Monkeypox Virus: A Case Report. (ESCRS 2024) - "After starting systemic treatment with oral Tecovirimat (Tpoxx®) and topical Ganciclovir 0.15% (Virgan®), a significant improvement was observed, to which the use of 20% Autologous Serum eye drops for the treatment of residual corneal lesions also contributed. Finally, the patient was treated with Fluorometholone eye drops, showing a favourable evolution... Ocular involvement by Monkeypox virus is often mild and self-limiting. It usually manifests non-specific symptoms and signs such as preseptal cellulitis, conjunctival hyperemia, photosensitivity and secretions, without significantly affecting vision. In more severe cases, such as those with treatment-resistant corneal damage, multidisciplinary management can be of great help in administering systemic therapy, as well as monitoring with photographs of the anterior segment to determine the best treatment for each case."

Case report • Clinical • Conjunctivitis • Corneal Abrasion • Keratitis • Ocular Infections • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology

The FLuorometholone as Adjunctive MEdical Therapy for Trachomatous Trichiasis Surgery (FLAME) Trial: Study Design. (PubMed, medRxiv) - P3 | "The FLAME Trial is designed to provide evidence of the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of adjunctive topical peri-/postoperative fluorometholone 0.1% therapy with trichiasis surgery, which is hypothesized to reduce the risk of recurrent trichiasis while being acceptably safe. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov # NCT04149210."

Clinical • Journal • Surgery • Cataract • Ophthalmology