amifostine / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Underscoring the Effects of Proton Radiation on Neuronal Function in 2D and 3D In Vitro Cortical Tissue Models. (PubMed, Radiat Res) - "There was a significant decrease in GFAP and Iba1 expression, no significant changes in cytokine secretion due to proton radiation or amifostine treatment alone, and no significant changes in electrophysiological activity in 2D cultures over time. This work represents a functional analysis of a novel 3D multicellular cortical model and highlights neuronal resilience to acute proton-radiation exposure."

Journal • Preclinical • GFAP

APPROVED AND EMERGING OPTIONS FOR ONCOLOGY TREATMENT-RELATED TOXICITIES: A TARGETED LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE LANDSCAPE AND REMAINING UNMET NEEDS (ISPOR 2026) - "Agents were cataloged by intended use: (a) rescue therapies for acute overdose or early severe toxicity (e.g., glucarpidase, uridine triacetate, leucovorin rescue); (b) prophylactic organ-protective agents (e.g., mesna, amifostine, dexrazoxane, sodium thiosulfate, palifermin, trilaciclib); (c) countermeasures for immune-mediated toxicities (e.g., tocilizumab for cytokine release syndrome); and (d) radiation normal-tissue protectants in development (e.g., superoxide dismutase mimetics, avasopasem [GC-4419]). Across drug classes, agents demonstrated substantial clinical benefit in narrow, time-sensitive indications (e.g., rescue for high-dose methotrexate or fluoropyrimidine toxicity; cardioprotection with dexrazoxane; otoprotection with sodium thiosulfate in pediatric cisplatin-treated patients; and reduced mucositis with palifermin in select HSCT regimens)... Timely rescue administration can improve outcomes for patients experiencing severe treatment-related toxicities...."

Review • Bone Marrow Transplantation • Cardiovascular • Inflammation • Mucositis

Propionate-engineered probiotics reduce radiation-induced intestinal damage. (PubMed, Bioresour Bioprocess) - "Current management strategies face significant limitations: clinical agents like amifostine are hindered by systemic side effects and demanding administration; direct supplementation with radioprotective metabolites such as propionate suffers from low bioavailability and transient action; and conventional probiotics lack targeted therapeutic output...Additionally, it protected the intestinal mucosal barrier from radiation-induced damage, which was associated with the modulation of the SOCS1/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. This study introduces a novel biological therapy to mitigate the side effects of radiotherapy and could open new avenues for preventing and treating radiation-induced intestinal injury."

Journal • Gastrointestinal Disorder • SOCS1

Radioprotectant-loaded visualizable cationic radioactive microspheres: Reduced hepatic tissue damage and intra/postoperative imaging during TARE. (PubMed, Mater Today Bio) - "After loading amifostine, these microspheres can not only provide local radiotherapy within the tumor but also continuously release amifostine locally to neutralize ROS in normal liver tissue. This approach not only enhances the utilization of amifostine in vivo but also protects the liver without compromising the efficacy of TARE thereby further improving the precision of radiotherapy."

Journal • Hepatocellular Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

A Phase 1 Study to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of XER-001 (Amifostine for Nasoduodenal Delivery) in Combination With Sterotactic Body Radiotherapy for Treatment in Patients With Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer. (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1/2 | N=36 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Xerient Pharma | Not yet recruiting ➔ Recruiting

Enrollment open • Oncology • Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma • Pancreatic Cancer • Solid Tumor

Clinical evidence for managing radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis and xerostomia in head and neck cancer patients: a review of Phase III-IV trials. (PubMed, Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg) - "For oral mucositis, effective pharmacological agents included palifermin, avasopasem manganese, doxepin, morphine mouthwash, and gabapentin, while non-pharmacological options such as low-level laser therapy, honey, and Aloe vera showed additional benefit in reducing severity and improving healing. In managing radiotherapy-induced xerostomia, pilocarpine, amifostine, and cevimeline significantly enhanced salivary function, with adaptive radiotherapy techniques offering protective effects on the salivary glands...Although several interventions demonstrated promising clinical efficacy, the heterogeneity in study design, outcome measures, and follow-up duration limits definitive conclusions. Therefore, customized, evidence-driven approaches informed by existing recommendations and developed data are crucial for enhancing outcomes and reducing the burden of therapy-induced toxicities in head and neck cancer patients."

Journal • P3 data • Review • Dental Disorders • Head and Neck Cancer • Mucositis • Oncology • Oral Cancer • Solid Tumor • Stomatitis • Xerostomia

Functionalized hydrogel sequentially deliver tannic acid and bioactive probiotics for radiation-induced skin injury. (PubMed, Mater Today Bio) - "Additionally, they promote the regeneration of extracellular matrix components, such as collagen, ultimately achieving superior repair efficacy compared to the commercial drug amifostine. This hierarchical therapeutic strategy permits temporal drug delivery at various stages of the repair process, presenting a novel approach for the treatment of RISI."

Journal

Incidence, Risk Factors, and Management of Radiotherapy-Related Skin Toxicity in Rectoanal Cancer Patients: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (PubMed, J Gastrointest Cancer) - "Skin toxicity is common in rectoanal cancer radiotherapy and linked to tumor, treatment, and patient factors. Optimized techniques (e.g., VMAT) combined with spray-type protectants enable precision management, improving outcomes."

Clinical • Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Oncology • Skin Cancer • Solid Tumor • HER-2

Amifostine-Iron Nanoparacrystalline for Tumor-Selective Immunogenic Ferroptosis. (PubMed, Nano Lett) - "Conversely, low ALP expression in tumor cells cannot realize effective cytoprotection, causing AFe-NPC to induce immunogenic ferroptosis. AFe-NPC-induced ferroptosis can boost CD8+ T cell-mediated systemic anticancer immunity and synergize with immune checkpoint blockade to eradicate primary and metastatic tumors."

Journal • Oncology • CD8 • COL12A1 • COL3A1

Protective role of black garlic water extract in kidney injury induced by cisplatin in mice. (PubMed, BMC Complement Med Ther) - "Black garlic extract confers protection against cisplatin-induced AKI by enhancing renal antioxidant defenses and mitigating oxidative stress-related damage. These findings support its potential as a complementary approach for preventing nephrotoxicity during cisplatin therapy."

Journal • Preclinical • Acute Kidney Injury • Dyslipidemia • Nephrology • Oncology • Renal Disease • CAT

Amino alkyl-alkyl/aryl sulphides (DRDE-07 and analogues) as promising cytoprotectants for sulphur and nitrogen mustards - A review. (PubMed, Toxicol Rep) - "These compounds showed better protection compared to other experimented molecules, such as amifostine, N-acetylcysteine, melatonin, sodium thiosulphate, and flavonoids...Among them, DRDE-30 showed the best protection for SM and nitrogen mustards, as well as against radiation, and also as a cytoprotectant for anticancer agents. In this review, all the published papers on the DRDE series of compounds are compiled and discussed, with the aim that if any one of these molecules is recommended as an oral prophylactic drug, further development would occur for a more effective, broad-spectrum cytoprotectant."

Journal • Review • Oncology

Unmet Needs in Multiple Myeloma and Potential Solutions: A Systemic Literature Review (ASH 2024) - "Other unmet needs reported were patient and family experience/supportive care (11%), pathophysiology (4%), diagnosis/response assessment (4%), toxicity management/prevention (3%) and poor prognosis (4%).Unmet needs that were reported starting from 2010 [and their proposed solutions] include treatment of high-risk cytogenetic features (4%) [elotuzumab/isatuximab/melflufen/selinexor/anti-BCMA conjugates], treatment of plasma cell leukemia/extramedullary disease (3%) [utilizing MM drugs (daratumumab/boretezemib/melfufen/frontline ASCT etc.)], prevention/management of toxicities (mucositis, neuropathy, nephropathy and GVHD) (1%) [CR4056/amifostine/cannabidiol], treatment/prevention of thromboembolism (1%) [risk assessment model for thromboembolism/studies on anticoagulation], treatment of frail/elderly (1%) [SEA BCMA/melflufen], immune response in MM (<1%) [immunological studies], and measures to assess response to treatment (<1%) [heavy light chain ratio/DW..."

Review • Geriatric Disorders • Graft versus Host Disease • Hematological Malignancies • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Leukemia • Mucositis • Multiple Myeloma • Oncology • Orthopedics • Plasma Cell Leukemia • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Could Different Doses of Dexmedetomidine Be as Effective as Amifostine Against Radiotherapy-Induced Liver Injury in Rats? Evidence from Mitotic, Apoptotic, Oxidative, and Neurogenic Insights. (PubMed, J Clin Med) - "The administration of amifostine significantly increased GAP-43 levels. DEX mitigates RT-induced hepatic injury chiefly through antioxidant and anti-apoptotic pathways, whereas amifostine promotes hepatic regeneration by modulating GAP-43."

Journal • Preclinical • Fibrosis • Hepatology • Immunology • Liver Failure • CASP3

Microbiota-responsive oral nano-amifostine enables colorectal-specific radioprotection and tumor immunity via gut microenvironment reprogramming. (PubMed, Adv Compos Hybrid Mater) - "This study provides a paradigm for leveraging functional nanomaterials to orchestrate precise, tissue-specific radioprotection and immune modulation, addressing a key challenge in abdominal cancer therapy. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42114-025-01492-x."

Journal • Colorectal Cancer • Immune Modulation • Immunology • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Treatment options for radiation-induced xerostomia in patients with head and neck cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (PubMed, Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg) - "The interventions that were analysed encompassed pharmacological agents (for example, pilocarpine, and amifostine), antioxidants, herbal formulations, acupuncture, low-level laser therapy (LLLT), and regenerative approaches. Some therapies have shown promise in improving unstimulated salivary flow and reducing oral pain; however, the overall evidence remains inconclusive. To address this persistent clinical challenge, future trials should adopt standardised outcome measures, assess combination therapies, and investigate novel regenerative strategies."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Dental Disorders • Fatigue • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Head and Neck Cancer • Mucositis • Oncology • Pain • Salivary Gland Cancer • Solid Tumor • Stomatitis • Xerostomia

Comment On: Protective Effect of Amifostine on Radiotherapy Applied Cardiovascular Tissue. (PubMed, Anatol J Cardiol) - No abstract available

Journal • Cardiovascular

Revisiting amifostine as a potential NDM-1 inhibitor for combatting bacteria resistance. (PubMed, Bioorg Chem) - "The global epidemic of NDM-1-producing gram-negative pathogens has significantly undermined the clinical efficacy of carbapenems, exacerbating the issue of bacterial resistance. Further molecular dynamics simulations and molecular interaction analysis showed that AMI could form stable hydrogen bonds with key amino acid residues in the active pocket of NDM-1, including Asn220, Gln123 and Glu152, thereby competitively inhibiting the meropenem hydrolysis activity of NDM-1. This study presents a novel framework for the development of NDM-1 inhibitors, offering a new strategy to combat infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Inflammation

Reply to Letter to the Editor: "Comment On: Protective Effect of Amifostine on Radiotherapy Applied Cardiovascular Tissue". (PubMed, Anatol J Cardiol) - No abstract available

Journal • Cardiovascular

Advancing cancer radiotherapy: Harnessing radiosensitizers and nanotechnology for enhanced tumor control. (PubMed, Int J Pharm X) - "Radioprotectors like antioxidants and amifostine safeguard normal tissues...Key findings highlight nanotechnology's role in enhancing radiosensitization via dose enhancement factors and synergistic therapies. Implications include personalized treatments tailored to tumor biology, the reduction of radioresistance through precision medicine and data-driven strategies, and ultimately, the improvement of radiotherapy efficacy and patient outcomes."

Journal • Review • Oncology • MIR155 • MIR21 • PARP1

Amifostine and melatonin attenuate radiation-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrotic remodeling in the vocal folds and subglottic glands of rats. (PubMed, Biomed Pharmacother) - "Despite these structural improvements, mRNA levels of AQP5, AMY1, and hyaluronic acid synthase remained unchanged, suggesting that functional decline had not yet fully manifested at this early stage. These findings indicate that amifostine and melatonin provide partial radioprotection against acute fibrotic and structural damage in laryngeal tissues, supporting their potential as adjunctive agents for preserving vocal and mucosal functions during radiotherapy."

Journal • Preclinical • Fibrosis • Immunology • Inflammation • Oncology • TGFB1

Salivary gland tissue chip screening identifies candidate radioprotective drugs. (PubMed, Commun Med (Lond)) - "This body of work demonstrates the development and validation of assays using a tissue chip platform for high-content drug screening and the successful discovery and in vivo validation of candidate radioprotective drugs with non-antioxidant primary modes of action. These results point to possible unknown mechanisms of radioprotection. These drugs can be developed to improve radioprotection efficacy and clinical administration without adverse side-effects."

Journal • Dental Disorders • Head and Neck Cancer • Infectious Disease • Oncology • Solid Tumor • Xerostomia

Efficacy of Treatment and Prevention of Radiation-induced Oral Mucositis- Systematic Review (AAO-HNSF 2025) - "Review of these papers papers supports good oral care, IMRT, radiation shields, palifermin, and amifostine. To our knowledge, this study represents the largest review of RIOM. It is limited by the diversity of study designs, sample sizes, patient characteristics, and outcome measures. While there is no objectively universal treatment for RIOM, preliminary results from this review show promise with multiple therapies."

Clinical • Review • Head and Neck Cancer • Mucositis • Oncology • Stomatitis

Systematic Review of the Management of Fibrosis in Head and Neck Cancer Patients (AAO-HNSF 2025) - "Among the eight studies analyzed, pharmacological interventions included pentoxifylline-tocopherol, pravastatin, amifostine, and topical superoxide dismutase (SOD). Improvements in HNC fibrosis after current treatments range from 35% to 97% of patients, with combination therapies offering the most promising results. Further research is needed to investigate and optimize long-term outcomes of these therapies."

Clinical • Review • Fibrosis • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Head and Neck Cancer • Immunology • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Melatonin may be an alternative to amifostine in salivary gland protection in irradiated rats. (PubMed, BMC Oral Health) - "Mel has a salivary radioprotective activity comparable to Ami. The combined use of drugs has not provided a significant therapeutic advantage in preventing salivary inflammatory stress and apoptotic changes. Thus, Mel may be an alternative to Ami to prevent RT-induced salivary gland damage."

Journal • Preclinical • CASP3 • IL10 • IL1B • IL6 • NFKB1 • TNFA

Liposome-Encapsulated Drug Delivery Inhibits Ferroptosis and Alleviates Radiation Injury (ASTRO 2025) - "A novel nanodrug in the form of liposome coated Amifostine has been developed to improve radiation protection and reduce Amifostine toxicity, which is closely related to iron death in regulatory cell death. This provides a new way to explore the development of radiation protection agents."

Oncology • GPX4