amifostine / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Amino alkyl-alkyl/aryl sulphides (DRDE-07 and analogues) as promising cytoprotectants for sulphur and nitrogen mustards - A review. (PubMed, Toxicol Rep) - "These compounds showed better protection compared to other experimented molecules, such as amifostine, N-acetylcysteine, melatonin, sodium thiosulphate, and flavonoids...Among them, DRDE-30 showed the best protection for SM and nitrogen mustards, as well as against radiation, and also as a cytoprotectant for anticancer agents. In this review, all the published papers on the DRDE series of compounds are compiled and discussed, with the aim that if any one of these molecules is recommended as an oral prophylactic drug, further development would occur for a more effective, broad-spectrum cytoprotectant."

Journal • Review • Oncology

Unmet Needs in Multiple Myeloma and Potential Solutions: A Systemic Literature Review (ASH 2024) - "Other unmet needs reported were patient and family experience/supportive care (11%), pathophysiology (4%), diagnosis/response assessment (4%), toxicity management/prevention (3%) and poor prognosis (4%).Unmet needs that were reported starting from 2010 [and their proposed solutions] include treatment of high-risk cytogenetic features (4%) [elotuzumab/isatuximab/melflufen/selinexor/anti-BCMA conjugates], treatment of plasma cell leukemia/extramedullary disease (3%) [utilizing MM drugs (daratumumab/boretezemib/melfufen/frontline ASCT etc.)], prevention/management of toxicities (mucositis, neuropathy, nephropathy and GVHD) (1%) [CR4056/amifostine/cannabidiol], treatment/prevention of thromboembolism (1%) [risk assessment model for thromboembolism/studies on anticoagulation], treatment of frail/elderly (1%) [SEA BCMA/melflufen], immune response in MM (<1%) [immunological studies], and measures to assess response to treatment (<1%) [heavy light chain ratio/DW..."

Review • Geriatric Disorders • Graft versus Host Disease • Hematological Malignancies • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Leukemia • Mucositis • Multiple Myeloma • Oncology • Orthopedics • Plasma Cell Leukemia • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Could Different Doses of Dexmedetomidine Be as Effective as Amifostine Against Radiotherapy-Induced Liver Injury in Rats? Evidence from Mitotic, Apoptotic, Oxidative, and Neurogenic Insights. (PubMed, J Clin Med) - "The administration of amifostine significantly increased GAP-43 levels. DEX mitigates RT-induced hepatic injury chiefly through antioxidant and anti-apoptotic pathways, whereas amifostine promotes hepatic regeneration by modulating GAP-43."

Journal • Preclinical • Fibrosis • Hepatology • Immunology • Liver Failure • CASP3

Microbiota-responsive oral nano-amifostine enables colorectal-specific radioprotection and tumor immunity via gut microenvironment reprogramming. (PubMed, Adv Compos Hybrid Mater) - "This study provides a paradigm for leveraging functional nanomaterials to orchestrate precise, tissue-specific radioprotection and immune modulation, addressing a key challenge in abdominal cancer therapy. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42114-025-01492-x."

Journal • Colorectal Cancer • Immune Modulation • Immunology • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Treatment options for radiation-induced xerostomia in patients with head and neck cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (PubMed, Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg) - "The interventions that were analysed encompassed pharmacological agents (for example, pilocarpine, and amifostine), antioxidants, herbal formulations, acupuncture, low-level laser therapy (LLLT), and regenerative approaches. Some therapies have shown promise in improving unstimulated salivary flow and reducing oral pain; however, the overall evidence remains inconclusive. To address this persistent clinical challenge, future trials should adopt standardised outcome measures, assess combination therapies, and investigate novel regenerative strategies."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Dental Disorders • Fatigue • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Head and Neck Cancer • Mucositis • Oncology • Pain • Salivary Gland Cancer • Solid Tumor • Stomatitis • Xerostomia

Comment On: Protective Effect of Amifostine on Radiotherapy Applied Cardiovascular Tissue. (PubMed, Anatol J Cardiol) - No abstract available

Journal • Cardiovascular

Revisiting amifostine as a potential NDM-1 inhibitor for combatting bacteria resistance. (PubMed, Bioorg Chem) - "The global epidemic of NDM-1-producing gram-negative pathogens has significantly undermined the clinical efficacy of carbapenems, exacerbating the issue of bacterial resistance. Further molecular dynamics simulations and molecular interaction analysis showed that AMI could form stable hydrogen bonds with key amino acid residues in the active pocket of NDM-1, including Asn220, Gln123 and Glu152, thereby competitively inhibiting the meropenem hydrolysis activity of NDM-1. This study presents a novel framework for the development of NDM-1 inhibitors, offering a new strategy to combat infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Inflammation

Reply to Letter to the Editor: "Comment On: Protective Effect of Amifostine on Radiotherapy Applied Cardiovascular Tissue". (PubMed, Anatol J Cardiol) - No abstract available

Journal • Cardiovascular

Advancing cancer radiotherapy: Harnessing radiosensitizers and nanotechnology for enhanced tumor control. (PubMed, Int J Pharm X) - "Radioprotectors like antioxidants and amifostine safeguard normal tissues...Key findings highlight nanotechnology's role in enhancing radiosensitization via dose enhancement factors and synergistic therapies. Implications include personalized treatments tailored to tumor biology, the reduction of radioresistance through precision medicine and data-driven strategies, and ultimately, the improvement of radiotherapy efficacy and patient outcomes."

Journal • Review • Oncology • MIR155 • MIR21 • PARP1

Amifostine and melatonin attenuate radiation-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrotic remodeling in the vocal folds and subglottic glands of rats. (PubMed, Biomed Pharmacother) - "Despite these structural improvements, mRNA levels of AQP5, AMY1, and hyaluronic acid synthase remained unchanged, suggesting that functional decline had not yet fully manifested at this early stage. These findings indicate that amifostine and melatonin provide partial radioprotection against acute fibrotic and structural damage in laryngeal tissues, supporting their potential as adjunctive agents for preserving vocal and mucosal functions during radiotherapy."

Journal • Preclinical • Fibrosis • Immunology • Inflammation • Oncology • TGFB1

Salivary gland tissue chip screening identifies candidate radioprotective drugs. (PubMed, Commun Med (Lond)) - "This body of work demonstrates the development and validation of assays using a tissue chip platform for high-content drug screening and the successful discovery and in vivo validation of candidate radioprotective drugs with non-antioxidant primary modes of action. These results point to possible unknown mechanisms of radioprotection. These drugs can be developed to improve radioprotection efficacy and clinical administration without adverse side-effects."

Journal • Dental Disorders • Head and Neck Cancer • Infectious Disease • Oncology • Solid Tumor • Xerostomia

Efficacy of Treatment and Prevention of Radiation-induced Oral Mucositis- Systematic Review (AAO-HNSF 2025) - "Review of these papers papers supports good oral care, IMRT, radiation shields, palifermin, and amifostine. To our knowledge, this study represents the largest review of RIOM. It is limited by the diversity of study designs, sample sizes, patient characteristics, and outcome measures. While there is no objectively universal treatment for RIOM, preliminary results from this review show promise with multiple therapies."

Clinical • Review • Head and Neck Cancer • Mucositis • Oncology • Stomatitis

Systematic Review of the Management of Fibrosis in Head and Neck Cancer Patients (AAO-HNSF 2025) - "Among the eight studies analyzed, pharmacological interventions included pentoxifylline-tocopherol, pravastatin, amifostine, and topical superoxide dismutase (SOD). Improvements in HNC fibrosis after current treatments range from 35% to 97% of patients, with combination therapies offering the most promising results. Further research is needed to investigate and optimize long-term outcomes of these therapies."

Clinical • Review • Fibrosis • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Head and Neck Cancer • Immunology • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Melatonin may be an alternative to amifostine in salivary gland protection in irradiated rats. (PubMed, BMC Oral Health) - "Mel has a salivary radioprotective activity comparable to Ami. The combined use of drugs has not provided a significant therapeutic advantage in preventing salivary inflammatory stress and apoptotic changes. Thus, Mel may be an alternative to Ami to prevent RT-induced salivary gland damage."

Journal • Preclinical • CASP3 • IL10 • IL1B • IL6 • NFKB1 • TNFA

Liposome-Encapsulated Drug Delivery Inhibits Ferroptosis and Alleviates Radiation Injury (ASTRO 2025) - "A novel nanodrug in the form of liposome coated Amifostine has been developed to improve radiation protection and reduce Amifostine toxicity, which is closely related to iron death in regulatory cell death. This provides a new way to explore the development of radiation protection agents."

Oncology • GPX4

Analysis of the Metabolomic Profile in Serum of Mice Treated with RadioDefender, a Novel Radiation Medical Countermeasure. (PubMed, Radiat Res) - "Amifostine, for example, has been investigated as a radioprotector, but was found unsuitable due to its hypotensive effects, severe upper and lower gastrointestinal disturbances, and reduced efficacy at the doses required for effective radioprotection...Two separate toxicity studies were performed: the first study investigated the effects of various doses of RadioDefender on blood and lymphoid tissue in unirradiated mice to establish the no-observed-adverse-effects-level (NOAEL), while the second study investigated the effects of various doses of RadioDefender on tissue and metabolomic profiles in irradiated mice (9.2 Gy total-body γ-irradiation). RadioDefender treatment significantly improved survival and provided substantial protection in the steroid hormone biosynthesis and arachidonic acid metabolism pathways, key pathways involved in inflammation and immune response that have been proven to be highly sensitive to ionizing radiation."

Journal • Preclinical • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Inflammation

A Phase 1 Study to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of XER-001 (Amifostine for Nasoduodenal Delivery) in Combination With Sterotactic Body Radiotherapy for Treatment in Patients With Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer. (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1/2 | N=36 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Xerient Pharma

New P1/2 trial • Oncology • Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma • Pancreatic Cancer • Solid Tumor

Mechanisms of cancer-induced neurophysiological dysfunction and therapeutic strategies. (PubMed, Discov Oncol) - "Management strategies incorporate neuroprotective agents (e.g., amifostine), cognitive rehabilitation, and non-invasive neuromodulation techniques...A multidisciplinary and anticipatory approach is essential for preserving neurological function and enhancing quality of life across the cancer continuum. Advances in diagnostics and therapeutics are reshaping the integration of neurophysiology within comprehensive cancer care."

IO biomarker • Journal • Review • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Oncology • Pain • Pediatrics • Psychiatry • IL6 • TNFA

An alternative approach to replacing the synthetic radioprotective drug amifostine with natural compounds in a piscine model exposed to 60Co gamma radiation. (PubMed, Appl Radiat Isot) - "Results demonstrated that while amifostine exhibited the strongest radioprotective effects, MOLE, kaempferol, and quercetin also showed significant protection, indicating that natural compounds are viable alternatives to synthetic radioprotectors. This study suggests a promising shift towards natural radioprotective agents, minimizing the negative effects associated with synthetic drugs."

Journal

Application of dicentric chromosome assay for evaluation of radioprotective effect. (PubMed, Biol Methods Protoc) - "Here, we present a detailed, reproducible protocol for applying the dicentric chromosome assay for in vitro evaluation of radioprotective agents, including novel piperazine derivatives compared with amifostine and its active metabolite WR-1065...Integrating manual scoring with automated analysis using the Metafer system ensures accurate and efficient assessment. Thus, this protocol bridges the fields of biological dosimetry and preclinical screening of radioprotective agents, providing a reliable framework for emergency radiation dose estimation and the development of new radiation medical countermeasures."

Journal • Review

Molecular engineering of melanin for enhanced biological γ-ray protection (ACS-Fall 2025) - "Remarkably, engineered melanin materials demonstrated unprecedented in vivo γ-ray protection, increasing mice survival from ~12% to 100%, alleviating multi-organ injuries, which greatly outperformed commercial Amifostine and superoxide dismutase. Overall, this work offers a molecular tuning approach beyond the natural synthetic pathway for melanin structure-property-function design."

Liposome-encapsulated drug delivery inhibits ferroptosis and alleviates radiation injury (ACS-Fall 2025) - "Amifostine liposomes can enhance the radiation protection effect and reduce the toxicity by regulating the iron death pathway mediated by GPX4, which provides a new strategy for the development of new radiation protection agents."

GPX4

Methyl jasmonate mitigates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity via modulation of Caspase-3/COX-2/ NF-κB signalling pathway: In silico, In vitro, and In vivo investigations. (PubMed, Pathol Res Pract) - "Initially, we performed molecular docking to evaluate the binding affinity of MeJA against the caspase-3, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) proteins in the presence of the reference drug amifostine. These findings collectively highlight the therapeutic potential of MeJA in alleviating cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity through modulation of apoptosis and inflammatory pathways. MeJA may serve as a promising nephroprotective agent, warranting further clinical investigation for its potential application in oncology settings."

Journal • Preclinical • Inflammation • Oncology • CASP3 • PTGS2

Microbiota Modulation of Radiosensitiveness and Toxicity in Gastrointestinal Cancers: What Radiation Oncologists Need to Know-A Review on Behalf of the Italian Association of Radiobiology (AIRB). (PubMed, Curr Issues Mol Biol) - "The impact of pre-treatment microbiota analyses should be addressed in prospective studies to verify the efficacy of patient-level tailored strategies. Additionally, the repurposing of radioprotective agents with innovative delivery systems, such as encapsulated amifostine, holds significant promise for mitigating small bowel toxicity, thereby enabling more effective RT treatment."

Journal • Review • Anal Carcinoma • Colorectal Cancer • Esophageal Cancer • Gastrointestinal Cancer • Hepatocellular Cancer • Oncology • Rectal Cancer • Solid Tumor • Squamous Cell Carcinoma • Transplantation

Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Fruits, their Phytochemicals, and Composite Herbal Products as Adjuncts in Preventing Ionizing Radiation Effects: Possible Use in Clinics. (PubMed, Mini Rev Med Chem) - "Moreover, even at optimal doses, the FDA-approved drug, amifostine (also known as WR-2721 [S-2- (3-aminopropyl-amino) ethyl phosphorothioic acid], exhibits significant toxicity...Currently, there are no clinically effective non-toxic medications that are beneficial in mitigating radiation-induced ill effects. In lieu of this, for the first time, this review compiles the positive effects of fruits, phytochemicals, and their byproducts, chyawanprash and triphala, on radiation-induced damage, the mechanisms by which these effects occur, and the gaps that must be filled in order for future research to help people and the agricultural and nutraceutical industries."

Journal • Head and Neck Cancer • Mucositis • Oncology • Solid Tumor