amifostine / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

A narrative review of emerging chemoprotective agents for chemotherapy-induced toxicity: nanoformulated natural products, dual COX-2/TNF-α inhibitors, and Nrf2 modulators. (PubMed, Front Pharmacol) - "Established chemoprotective agents (dexrazoxane, mesna, and amifostine) are limited by narrow indications (dexrazoxane: only anthracycline cardiotoxicity), significant adverse effects (amifostine: hypotension in 62%), and lack of efficacy against common toxicities such as peripheral neuropathy...Three major emerging categories were identified: (i) Nanoformulated natural products such as curcumin, resveratrol, luteolin, and naringenin encapsulated in polymeric, lipid, or cyclodextrin-based nanocarriers, demonstrate improved bioavailability and enhanced efficacy in preclinical models though chemoprotection-specific clinical data remain limited (ii) Dual COX-2/TNF-α inhibitors (e.g., NO-donating aspirin)...Physical strategies (limb hypothermia) and repurposed drugs (metformin) offer additional avenues but need Phase III validation...Future trials must incorporate biomarker-driven enrollment and standardized chemoprotection endpoints. Comparative analysis across categories..."

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • Genetic Disorders • Hypotension • Oncology • Pain • CTNNB1 • STAT3

Therapeutic Interventions for Radiation-Induced Fibrosis in Head and Neck Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review. (PubMed, Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg) - "Improvements in HNC fibrosis after current treatments ranged widely across studies; however, substantial heterogeneity in study design and outcome measurement limits definitive conclusions regarding comparative effectiveness."

Journal • Review • Aesthetic Medicine • Fibrosis • Head and Neck Cancer • Immunology • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Novel Interventions for Gastrointestinal Mucositis in Multiple Myeloma Patients Receiving High-Dose Melphalan for Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation: A Systematic Review (SOHO 2026) - "Interventions: Oral cryotherapy, palifermin, amifostine, uproleselan, and pharmacokinetic-guided melphalan dosing. Oral cryotherapy is consistently the most effective intervention for reducing severe mucositis. Amifostine and uproleselan show meaningful promise but require prospective validation. Wide pharmacokinetic variability and the SLC7A5 polymorphism support individualized dosing."

Clinical • Review • Hematological Malignancies • Multiple Myeloma • Oncology • SLC7A5

Thermoresponsive Amifostine-Loaded Chitosan Biogel for Prevention of Radiation-Induced Rectal Injury. (PubMed, ACS Appl Mater Interfaces) - "In addition, the biogel shows a trend toward increasing the abundance of gut flora and the counts of probiotics, thereby maintaining gut microbial homeostasis. This work provides a simple yet transformative tactic by the thermoresponsive biogel, and presents a promising avenue for clinical prevention of RRI."

Journal • Inflammation

Prophylactic administration of silica nanoparticles loaded with amifostine prevents cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. (PubMed, J Mol Histol) - "Silica nano-emulsified amifostine effectively mitigates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by suppressing inflammation, preserving extracellular matrix integrity, and restoring renal microRNA balance. These findings support the therapeutic potential of nano-formulated thiol compounds as a targeted strategy to prevent chemotherapy-associated renal injury."

Biomarker • Journal • Preclinical • Inflammation • Renal Disease • MIR193A • MIR29A • MMP9 • NFKB1 • NPHS1 • TP53

Amifostine alleviates ionizing radiation-induced small intestinal motility dysfunction in mice by remodeling the structure of the enteric nervous system. (PubMed, Histochem Cell Biol) - "This protective effect on motility was associated with selective enteric nervous system regulation, specifically the suppression of enteric glial cell activation and the selective prevention of inhibitory nitrergic neuron loss, whereas no significant alterations were detected in the numbers of excitatory cholinergic or peptidergic neurons. In conclusion, amifostine alleviates ionizing radiation-induced small intestinal hyperperistalsis (propulsion) by remodeling the structural homeostasis of the enteric nervous system."

Journal • Preclinical

Amifostine Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Subacute Hepatic and Renal Toxicity in Rats. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "The severity of hepatic and renal injuries in the DOX6-treated groups was also significantly less in rats pretreated with AMI300 on day 56 (p < 0.01). Our results indicate that hepatic and renal protection significantly contribute to the successful use of AMI against DOX-induced subacute toxicity in rats."

Journal • Preclinical

Effects of different drugs on radiation-induced oral mucositis in patients with head and neck tumors: a systematic review and a network meta-analysis. (PubMed, Transl Cancer Res) - "Glutamine significantly reduced the risk of RIOM compared with amifostine [odds ratio (OR) =0.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03-0.51] and cytokine (OR =0.31, 95% CI: 0.10-0.99)...Based on the current evidence, glutamine appears to offer the most favorable risk-benefit profile among the evaluated interventions. Future research should adopt well-designed, unified RCTs with adequate samples to revalidate whether these measures are truly effective and safe."

Journal • Retrospective data • Dental Disorders • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Head and Neck Cancer • Mucositis • Oncology • Pain • Solid Tumor • Stomatitis • Xerostomia

Mechanism of blueberry anthocyanins in ameliorating radiation-induced intestinal injury through gut microbiota modulation. (PubMed, Front Immunol) - "Seventy male C57BL/6J mice (6-8 weeks old) were categorized into five groups: a normal control group (Con), an irradiation-only group (IR), groups administered low-dose BA prior to and following irradiation (IR+BA-L, 100 mg/kg bw), a high-dose BA group (IR+BA-H, 200 mg/kg bw), and a group receiving the clinical radiation protection agent amphotericin (IR+WR-2721, 30 mg/kg bw)...FMT experiments further validate that BA's protective action depends on gut microbiota regulation. The findings suggest that BA, as a gut microbiota-modulating agent, holds promise for preventing and treating RIII."

Journal • Oncology • Solid Tumor • Transplantation • CLDN1 • IL1B • IL6 • OCLN • TNFA

Shielding the skin: do African medicinal plants possess the ability to mitigate ionizing radiation-induced skin alterations? (PubMed, Int J Radiat Biol) - "Although synthetic radioprotectors such as amifostine reduce radiation-mediated damage through free radical scavenging and DNA repair enhancement, their clinical application is constrained by significant side effects...This review highlights the potential of these plants as adjunctive agents to mitigate radiation-induced skin toxicity, strengthening the rationale for further translational research in radiotherapy and photomedicine. Additionally, further research is warranted to validate these findings and to explore their potential translation into clinical applications."

Journal • Review • Dermatology • Inflammation

CD74 deficiency protects against doxorubicin cardiotoxicity through RRM2-mediated regulation of ferroptosis. (PubMed, Acta Pharm Sin B) - "Treatment with CD74 inhibitor Amifostine in a DIC mouse model significantly alleviated cardiac remodeling and functional impairment by reducing oxidative stress and ferroptosis. Transwell study using the CD74-null Raw 264.7 macrophages and cardiomyocytes revealed that CD74 knockdown in macrophages overly attenuated DOX-instigated cardiomyocyte dysfunction. These findings establish CD74 as a potential therapeutic target for DIC, as its regulation of RRM2 cytomembrane diversion and ferroptosis ultimately drives cardiac remodeling and contractile anomalies in response to DOX challenge."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Metabolic Disorders • CD74 • RRM2

APPROVED AND EMERGING OPTIONS FOR ONCOLOGY TREATMENT-RELATED TOXICITIES: A TARGETED LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE LANDSCAPE AND REMAINING UNMET NEEDS (ISPOR 2026) - "Agents were cataloged by intended use: (a) rescue therapies for acute overdose or early severe toxicity (e.g., glucarpidase, uridine triacetate, leucovorin rescue); (b) prophylactic organ-protective agents (e.g., mesna, amifostine, dexrazoxane, sodium thiosulfate, palifermin, trilaciclib); (c) countermeasures for immune-mediated toxicities (e.g., tocilizumab for cytokine release syndrome); and (d) radiation normal-tissue protectants in development (e.g., superoxide dismutase mimetics, avasopasem [GC-4419]). Across drug classes, agents demonstrated substantial clinical benefit in narrow, time-sensitive indications (e.g., rescue for high-dose methotrexate or fluoropyrimidine toxicity; cardioprotection with dexrazoxane; otoprotection with sodium thiosulfate in pediatric cisplatin-treated patients; and reduced mucositis with palifermin in select HSCT regimens)... Timely rescue administration can improve outcomes for patients experiencing severe treatment-related toxicities...."

Review • Bone Marrow Transplantation • Cardiovascular • Inflammation • Mucositis

ROS-responsive EGCG-Fe-Cur nanosystems for radioprotection through antioxidant and inhibition of ferroptosis pathways. (PubMed, J Nanobiotechnology) - "Animal experimental results indicate that EGCG-Fe-Cur significantly increases the survival rate of irradiated mice, efficiently restores their hematopoietic system function, and, within a specific concentration range, provides better protective effects than the traditional radioprotectant WR2721. Mechanistic exploration reveals that this nanoparticle maintains normal mitochondrial morphology and function, effectively inhibits ferroptosis and apoptosis processes by activating the PPARγ/NRF2 signaling pathway, thereby offering comprehensive and multi-level radiation protection for the organism."

Journal • PPARG

Underscoring the Effects of Proton Radiation on Neuronal Function in 2D and 3D In Vitro Cortical Tissue Models. (PubMed, Radiat Res) - "There was a significant decrease in GFAP and Iba1 expression, no significant changes in cytokine secretion due to proton radiation or amifostine treatment alone, and no significant changes in electrophysiological activity in 2D cultures over time. This work represents a functional analysis of a novel 3D multicellular cortical model and highlights neuronal resilience to acute proton-radiation exposure."

Journal • Preclinical • GFAP

Propionate-engineered probiotics reduce radiation-induced intestinal damage. (PubMed, Bioresour Bioprocess) - "Current management strategies face significant limitations: clinical agents like amifostine are hindered by systemic side effects and demanding administration; direct supplementation with radioprotective metabolites such as propionate suffers from low bioavailability and transient action; and conventional probiotics lack targeted therapeutic output...Additionally, it protected the intestinal mucosal barrier from radiation-induced damage, which was associated with the modulation of the SOCS1/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. This study introduces a novel biological therapy to mitigate the side effects of radiotherapy and could open new avenues for preventing and treating radiation-induced intestinal injury."

Journal • Gastrointestinal Disorder • SOCS1

Radioprotectant-loaded visualizable cationic radioactive microspheres: Reduced hepatic tissue damage and intra/postoperative imaging during TARE. (PubMed, Mater Today Bio) - "After loading amifostine, these microspheres can not only provide local radiotherapy within the tumor but also continuously release amifostine locally to neutralize ROS in normal liver tissue. This approach not only enhances the utilization of amifostine in vivo but also protects the liver without compromising the efficacy of TARE thereby further improving the precision of radiotherapy."

Journal • Hepatocellular Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

A Phase 1 Study to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of XER-001 (Amifostine for Nasoduodenal Delivery) in Combination With Sterotactic Body Radiotherapy for Treatment in Patients With Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer. (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1/2 | N=36 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Xerient Pharma | Not yet recruiting ➔ Recruiting

Enrollment open • Oncology • Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma • Pancreatic Cancer • Solid Tumor

Clinical evidence for managing radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis and xerostomia in head and neck cancer patients: a review of Phase III-IV trials. (PubMed, Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg) - "For oral mucositis, effective pharmacological agents included palifermin, avasopasem manganese, doxepin, morphine mouthwash, and gabapentin, while non-pharmacological options such as low-level laser therapy, honey, and Aloe vera showed additional benefit in reducing severity and improving healing. In managing radiotherapy-induced xerostomia, pilocarpine, amifostine, and cevimeline significantly enhanced salivary function, with adaptive radiotherapy techniques offering protective effects on the salivary glands...Although several interventions demonstrated promising clinical efficacy, the heterogeneity in study design, outcome measures, and follow-up duration limits definitive conclusions. Therefore, customized, evidence-driven approaches informed by existing recommendations and developed data are crucial for enhancing outcomes and reducing the burden of therapy-induced toxicities in head and neck cancer patients."

Journal • P3 data • Review • Dental Disorders • Head and Neck Cancer • Mucositis • Oncology • Oral Cancer • Solid Tumor • Stomatitis • Xerostomia

Functionalized hydrogel sequentially deliver tannic acid and bioactive probiotics for radiation-induced skin injury. (PubMed, Mater Today Bio) - "Additionally, they promote the regeneration of extracellular matrix components, such as collagen, ultimately achieving superior repair efficacy compared to the commercial drug amifostine. This hierarchical therapeutic strategy permits temporal drug delivery at various stages of the repair process, presenting a novel approach for the treatment of RISI."

Journal

Incidence, Risk Factors, and Management of Radiotherapy-Related Skin Toxicity in Rectoanal Cancer Patients: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (PubMed, J Gastrointest Cancer) - "Skin toxicity is common in rectoanal cancer radiotherapy and linked to tumor, treatment, and patient factors. Optimized techniques (e.g., VMAT) combined with spray-type protectants enable precision management, improving outcomes."

Clinical • Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Oncology • Skin Cancer • Solid Tumor • HER-2

Amifostine-Iron Nanoparacrystalline for Tumor-Selective Immunogenic Ferroptosis. (PubMed, Nano Lett) - "Conversely, low ALP expression in tumor cells cannot realize effective cytoprotection, causing AFe-NPC to induce immunogenic ferroptosis. AFe-NPC-induced ferroptosis can boost CD8+ T cell-mediated systemic anticancer immunity and synergize with immune checkpoint blockade to eradicate primary and metastatic tumors."

Journal • Oncology • CD8 • COL12A1 • COL3A1

Protective role of black garlic water extract in kidney injury induced by cisplatin in mice. (PubMed, BMC Complement Med Ther) - "Black garlic extract confers protection against cisplatin-induced AKI by enhancing renal antioxidant defenses and mitigating oxidative stress-related damage. These findings support its potential as a complementary approach for preventing nephrotoxicity during cisplatin therapy."

Journal • Preclinical • Acute Kidney Injury • Dyslipidemia • Nephrology • Oncology • Renal Disease • CAT

Amino alkyl-alkyl/aryl sulphides (DRDE-07 and analogues) as promising cytoprotectants for sulphur and nitrogen mustards - A review. (PubMed, Toxicol Rep) - "These compounds showed better protection compared to other experimented molecules, such as amifostine, N-acetylcysteine, melatonin, sodium thiosulphate, and flavonoids...Among them, DRDE-30 showed the best protection for SM and nitrogen mustards, as well as against radiation, and also as a cytoprotectant for anticancer agents. In this review, all the published papers on the DRDE series of compounds are compiled and discussed, with the aim that if any one of these molecules is recommended as an oral prophylactic drug, further development would occur for a more effective, broad-spectrum cytoprotectant."

Journal • Review • Oncology

Unmet Needs in Multiple Myeloma and Potential Solutions: A Systemic Literature Review (ASH 2024) - "Other unmet needs reported were patient and family experience/supportive care (11%), pathophysiology (4%), diagnosis/response assessment (4%), toxicity management/prevention (3%) and poor prognosis (4%).Unmet needs that were reported starting from 2010 [and their proposed solutions] include treatment of high-risk cytogenetic features (4%) [elotuzumab/isatuximab/melflufen/selinexor/anti-BCMA conjugates], treatment of plasma cell leukemia/extramedullary disease (3%) [utilizing MM drugs (daratumumab/boretezemib/melfufen/frontline ASCT etc.)], prevention/management of toxicities (mucositis, neuropathy, nephropathy and GVHD) (1%) [CR4056/amifostine/cannabidiol], treatment/prevention of thromboembolism (1%) [risk assessment model for thromboembolism/studies on anticoagulation], treatment of frail/elderly (1%) [SEA BCMA/melflufen], immune response in MM (<1%) [immunological studies], and measures to assess response to treatment (<1%) [heavy light chain ratio/DW..."

Review • Geriatric Disorders • Graft versus Host Disease • Hematological Malignancies • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Leukemia • Mucositis • Multiple Myeloma • Oncology • Orthopedics • Plasma Cell Leukemia • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Could Different Doses of Dexmedetomidine Be as Effective as Amifostine Against Radiotherapy-Induced Liver Injury in Rats? Evidence from Mitotic, Apoptotic, Oxidative, and Neurogenic Insights. (PubMed, J Clin Med) - "The administration of amifostine significantly increased GAP-43 levels. DEX mitigates RT-induced hepatic injury chiefly through antioxidant and anti-apoptotic pathways, whereas amifostine promotes hepatic regeneration by modulating GAP-43."

Journal • Preclinical • Fibrosis • Hepatology • Immunology • Liver Failure • CASP3