sodium valproate / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Sodium Valproate Drives Propionylation-Mediated Epigenetic Reprogramming to Enhance Mesothelin CAR-T Cell Therapy in Solid Tumors. (PubMed, Mol Ther) - "In xenograft models of ovarian and triple-negative breast cancer, VPA significantly improved tumor control and survival without added toxicity. These findings support metabolic-epigenetic modulation as a strategy to improve CAR-T therapy in solid tumors."

Journal • Breast Cancer • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Oncology • Ovarian Cancer • Refractory Ovarian Cancer • Solid Tumor • Triple Negative Breast Cancer • LOX • MSLN

Case Report: Electroacupuncture combined with transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation for treating antiseizure medication-resistant juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. (PubMed, Front Psychiatry) - "Despite treatment with sodium valproate and clonazepam, he continued to experience multiple seizures weekly and was unable to attend school due to anxiety...From the second session, electroacupuncture was intensified at GV20, GV24, and GB18 due to initial symptom worsening...The patient resumed school attendance, experienced reduced anxiety regarding seizures, and reported enhanced social engagement. This case suggests that combined electroacupuncture and taVNS may be a promising non-pharmacological adjunct in the treatment of ASM-resistant JME, contributing to improved seizure control and multidimensional QOL outcomes."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Mood Disorders • Pain • Psychiatry

Small-Volume Dissolution Testing of Pediatric Mini-Tablets Using Miniaturized USP Apparatuses: Regulatory and Methodological Considerations. (PubMed, AAPS PharmSciTech) - "Two commercially available pediatric ER MT drug products containing melatonin and sodium valproate were tested individually and in deliberately manipulated batches to assess the methods' sensitivity and discriminatory power...This study highlights the critical need for sensitive, miniaturized dissolution methods tailored to the unique challenges of MTs to ensure consistent quality, safety, and efficacy, particularly in vulnerable populations. Future work should focus on harmonizing and validating miniaturized dissolution systems to support QC and regulatory acceptance of MT formulations."

Journal • Pediatrics

Comparative Analysis of Cannabidiol and Risperidone on Behavioral and Neurochemical Outcomes, and Neurodevelopment Markers in a Zebrafish Model of Embryonic Exposure to Sodium Valproate. (PubMed, Autism Res) - "CBD demonstrated a better efficacy and safety profile compared to RISP in reversing ASD-like behaviors and associated neurobiological alterations in the zebrafish model. These findings suggest that CBD may offer a safer and more effective therapeutic alternative for managing ASD-related symptoms."

Journal • Autism Spectrum Disorder • Genetic Disorders • GFAP

Utilization and Prescribing Patterns of Stiripentol for Dravet Syndrome: Preliminary Results of an International Physician Survey (AES 2025) - "Rationale: Stiripentol (STP) is approved for the treatment of seizures associated with Dravet Syndrome (DS) in patients taking clobazam who are 6 months of age and older...64.3% co-prescribed sodium valproate. Half prescribed STP in conjunction with fenfluramine (FFA), 75.0% with cannabidiol (CBD) with most (85.7%) adjusting the FFA dose when used in combination.When initiating therapy, providers prioritized seizure frequency (53.6%), seizure length (35.7%), and seizure character (10.7%)... Preliminary findings from this survey highlight a modest uptick in STP utilization in DS across experienced pediatric epilepsy specialists. While most providers reported experiencing clinical benefit, adverse effects, and insurance-related barriers were common. These findings suggest STP is utilized but variably implemented in practice, with opportunities to refine dosing strategies and address systemic barriers to optimize outcomes for patients with DS."

Late-breaking abstract • Anesthesia • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy

Epilepsy Due to SIK1 Gene Mutation:A Case Report and Literature Review (AES 2025) - "7 cases (87.5%) had severe comprehensive developmental delay, and 1 case (12.5%) had normal cognition; 7 cases (87.5%) showed no response to ACTH treatment and failed to combination therapy with multiple ASMs, 1 case(12.5%)epileptic seizures were controlled after monotherapy with sodium valproate; 2 cases died at the age of 3 months and 10 months respectively... SIK1 gene mutations often lead to developmental epileptic encephalopathy, with early-onset refractory epilepsy syndrome as the main clinical phenotype. Treatment with ACTH and various ASMs are ineffective. The De Novo mutation site c.2215A >G/p.Thr739Ala in this case enriches the spectrum of SIK1 gene mutations, providing important evidence for clinical treatment and genetic counseling."

Case report • Clinical • Review • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Epilepsy • SIK1

Association Between Anti-seizure Medications and Parkinson's Disease: A Strong or Weak Link? (AES 2025) - "Our meta-analysis showed a significant association between AED prescription and incident PD cases of different ethnic background populations. Further studies are warranted to know the nature of the association, further clarification on drug-induced Parkinsonism, and other confounding risk factors."

Late-breaking abstract • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

The SCN1A-Horizons study: Baseline report of a prospective longitudinal natural history study of SCN1A-related epilepsies in the United Kingdom (UK) (AES 2025) - "Median seizure onset age was 5 months (range 2-78), and most frequent subsequent seizure type was generalised tonic-clonic (109; 90.8%).Median number of current ASMs was 3 (range 0-5); most commonly sodium valproate (83; 69.2%), clobazam (67; 55.8%), stiripentol (55; 45.8%) and fenfluramine (36; 30.0%). The number of previous ASMs used ranged from 0-14 (median=1), most frequently levetiracetam (48; 40.0%)... These baseline findings demonstrate the high burden of seizures and comorbidities amongst individuals with SCN1A-related epilepsy. Ongoing follow-up of this cohort will inform care standards and treatment strategies."

Clinical • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Autism Spectrum Disorder • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder

Experiences Reported by People with Epilepsy During Antiseizure Medication Shortages in the UK: A Cross-Sectional Survey. (PubMed, Pharmacy (Basel)) - "Shortages were most frequently reported for sodium valproate (60.8%), lamotrigine (65.2%), carbamazepine (92.6%), clobazam (82.6%), topiramate (81.5%), zonisamide (74.0%), levetiracetam (62.8%), lacosamide (71.0%), and brivaracetam (70.5%). (4) ASM shortages are a widespread issue for people with epilepsy in the UK, leading to treatment disruptions and psychological distress. Addressing supply change limitations and identifying effective approaches to preventing the substitution of ASMs brands by clinicians may potentially reduce this problem."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Sodium Valproate-Associated Thrombocytopenia in Antiepileptic Drug Polypharmacy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. (PubMed, Am J Case Rep) - "BACKGROUND Drug-induced thrombocytopenia (DITP) is a potentially life-threatening adverse drug reaction, representing approximately 20% to 25% of acquired thrombocytopenia cases. CONCLUSIONS This case highlights a potential pharmacokinetic interaction between levetiracetam and VPA, suggesting that levetiracetam can influence VPA metabolism. It underscores the importance of close therapeutic drug monitoring of VPA concentrations during combination therapy and emphasizes the need for further investigation into metabolic interactions between novel and conventional antiepileptic agents."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Hematological Disorders • Mental Retardation • Psychiatry • Thrombocytopenia

The study of promoting the rational use of sodium valproate in the intensive care unit. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "The percentage of patients achieving a blood VPA concentration of 50-100 µg/mL increased to 80.7%, the rate of seizure control rose from 22.2% before the intervention to 65.4% after the intervention, the use of VPA injection was favored in severely ill patients to reduce the use of gavage administration. In conclusion, clinical pharmacists promoted the rational use of VPA in the ICU ward, leading to a significant increase in the average trough concentration of VPA."

Journal • Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Critical care • Epilepsy

Childhood epilepsy in Cameroon: Clinical patterns, predictive factors, and educational impact at a tertiary hospital. (PubMed, Brain Dev) - "This study identified specific predictive factors for poor epileptic control and confirms cognitive impact on schooling, providing intervention targets to optimize neurological and educational management in Cameroon."

Biomarker • Journal • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Epilepsy

Sodium Valproate-Induced Bicytopenia: A Case Report. (PubMed, Cureus) - "This case illustrates the importance of considering both drug toxicity and medication adherence when evaluating treatment complications. Vigilant monitoring after dose adjustments, early multidisciplinary involvement, and accurate medication histories are critical to improving outcomes in patients receiving sodium valproate."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Hematological Disorders • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry • Thrombocytopenia

Clinical and genetic analysis of six children with RARS2-related pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PubMed, Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi) - "The predominant clinical features of Pontocerebellar hypoplasia associated with RARS2 gene variants include infantile onset, severe psychomotor retardation or regression, drug-resistant epilepsy, and feeding difficulties. The characteristic neuroimaging finding is pontocerebellar hypoplasia. However, its appearance may vary widely with time. The majority of affected children have a poor prognosis."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy

Hemiballismus as the Sole Manifestation of Acute Thalamic Hemorrhagic Stroke: A Case Report. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Symptomatic treatment with haloperidol, sodium valproate, and clonazepam led to partial improvement, though complete resolution was not achieved during the hospitalization. Given the variability in onset and recovery, close neurological follow-up and individualized therapy are essential. Further research is warranted to better understand the pathophysiology and optimize treatment strategies for post-stroke hyperkinetic movement disorders."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Cerebral Hemorrhage • Diabetes • Hematological Disorders • Hypertension • Ischemic stroke • Metabolic Disorders • Movement Disorders

Status epilepticus of carotid web after carotid artery stenting: A case report. (PubMed, J Int Med Res) - "Regarding therapy, intravenous infusion of sodium valproate successfully terminated the status epilepticus secondary to stroke, providing an alternative when clinicians are concerned about the depression of diazepam. Subsequent oral antiseizure medications were required and newer-generation agents (e.g. levetiracetam, lacosamide, zonisamide, and topiramate) were increasingly recommended due to their neutral impact on secondary stroke prevention."

Journal • Atherosclerosis • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Depression • Epilepsy • Ischemic stroke • Psychiatry • Thrombosis

Clinical Profile of Children Treated at a Brazilian ASD Reference Center (AACAP 2025) - "Risperidone was the drug that appeared most frequently, being reported by 106 patients (53%). The second most prevalent drug was sodium valproate, which was reported by 23 patients (11.5%). The data show clinical and epidemiological elements from a Latin university reference center for the diagnosis and treatment of ASD that can contribute to an overview of this disorder.ASD, DEMF, NEURODEV"

Clinical • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • CNS Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Epilepsy • Mental Retardation • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

A clinical control study of modified electroconvulsive therapy and sodium valproate as enhancement strategies for ultra-treatment-resistant schizophrenia. (PubMed, Schizophr Res Cogn) - "A substantial proportion of patients with schizophrenia show an inadequate response to clozapine, a condition termed ultra-treatment-resistant schizophrenia (UTRS). These findings should be considered preliminary, and neither intervention demonstrated short-term benefits for cognitive function. Future studies with longer follow-up periods are warranted to assess the durability of response and should include a clozapine-only control arm to confirm the true value of these augmentation strategies."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

A case of superficial pemphigus induced by sodium valproate. (PubMed, Oxf Med Case Reports) - "Drug-induced pemphigus should be considered in any patient presenting with pemphigus, especially in elderly individuals undergoing multiple treatments. In most cases, withdrawal of the offending drug combined with systemic corticosteroid therapy results in clinical improvement."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Dermatopathology • Epilepsy

Pharmacotherapy for fecal incontinence: potential treatment with a traditional Japanese medicine Kampo. (PubMed, Ann Coloproctol) - "Strongly recommended treatments include the antidiarrheal agent loperamide and stool bulking or solidifying agents, such as dietary fiber and polycarbophil. Other therapeutic options include ramosetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist; amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant; and sodium valproate and diazepam, which are GABAergic neuromodulators. Recently, research has explored the efficacy and mechanism of action of DKT, a traditional Japanese medicine Kampo. Historically used for abdominal symptoms like bloating and known for promoting intestinal motility, emerging evidence suggests DKT may also effectively manage FI."

Journal • Review

A Microfluidic Liver-Like Model for Antiepileptic Drugs Hepatotoxicity Evaluation. (PubMed, Biomed Phys Eng Express) - "Among the tested drugs, sodium valproate (500 µM) induced the least hepatotoxicity, whereas carbamazepine and phenytoin led to a ~60% reduction in hepatic function over one week. Although structurally and functionally less complex than existing liver-on-a-chip platforms, these findings suggest that this liver chip platform is a simple yet useful tool for drug screening and assessing hepatotoxicity."

Journal • Hepatology • Liver Failure

Ferulic Acid Attenuates Seizure Severity and Enhances Valproate and Carbamazepine Seizure Preventing Efficacy by Regulating Hippocampal Interleukin-1β Level and Antioxidant Capacity in Mice. (PubMed, Oxid Med Cell Longev) - "Male NMRI mice (weight 25-30 g) were injected intraperitoneally with saline (1 mL/kg), FA (20 or 80 mg/kg), diazepam (D) (20 mg/kg), VPA (200 mg/kg), CBZ (10 mg/kg), FA (20 mg/kg) + VPA (200 mg/kg), and FA (20 mg/kg) + CBZ (10 mg/kg) before application of MES...In addition, FA (20 mg/kg) enhanced the anticonvulsant efficacy of VPA and CBZ by regulating hippocampal IL-1β and antioxidant capacity. The finding suggest that FA possessed anticonvulsant effect and improved VPA and CBZ efficacy by regulating of IL-1β and antioxidant capacity in the hippocampus."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Inflammation • IL1B

Evaluating the utility of growth differentiation factor 15 and fibroblast growth factor 21 as blood biomarkers for Rett syndrome. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "Our data showed higher FGF21 and GDF15 levels in female Mecp2-deficient mice compared to their wild type littermates. Median FGF21 and GDF15 levels also trended higher in the affected human cohort compared to controls; however, these elevations did not reach statistical significance and appear to be correlated with sodium valproate therapy."

Biomarker • Journal • CNS Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Movement Disorders • Psychiatry • FGF21 • GDF15

A comparative study on the efficacy of different combinational anti-seizure medication therapies following valproate monotherapy failure. (PubMed, Acta Epileptol) - "In this real-world study, we assessed the effectiveness of five anti-seizure medications as add-on therapy for PWE who failed sodium valproate monotherapy. Our findings suggest that combining LTG may be more effective for subjects with generalized epilepsy, while combining OXC may be more effective for subjects with focal epilepsy."

Journal • Monotherapy • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy

PHARMACOBEZOARS: THE CHALLENGE OF ENDOSCOPIC REMOVAL EXTENDED RELEASED SODIUM VALPROATE TABLETS IN A DRUG OVERDOSE: A CASE REPORT (UEGW 2025) - "Pharmacobezoars represent a rare but clinically significant cause of prolonged drug toxicity, particularly following overdose of sustained-release medications such as valproic acid. Their formation is influenced by both medication-specific properties and patient-related risk factors, including impaired gastrointestinal motility and polypharmacy. Early recognition is crucial, as delayed dissolution of these concretions can result in persistent systemic toxicity."

Case report • Clinical • Gastrointestinal Disorder