dextroamphetamine immediate release / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Trends in use of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder medications among children and adults in five European countries, 2010 to 2023: a population-based observational study. (PubMed, Lancet Reg Health Eur) - "We estimated the prevalence and incidence of methylphenidate, dexamphetamine, lisdexamfetamine, atomoxetine and guanfacine use among individuals aged 3 years and older. Understanding the utilisation of ADHD medications can provide useful information in monitoring use, as well as for anticipation and planning to minimise potential shortages. European Medicines Agency."

Journal • Observational data • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

Tolerance and Tachyphylaxis to Medications for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Systematic Review of Empirical Studies. (PubMed, CNS Drugs) - "Overall, these results do not support the hypothesis that tolerance commonly develops to the therapeutic effects of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medication, although robustly designed longitudinal studies are needed to provide more conclusive evidence. Clinicians may consider other potential explanations for reduced therapeutic effects over time, including natural fluctuations of symptoms, limited compliance, life events and co-occurrent mental health conditions."

Journal • Review • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

Integrated Assessment of the Cardiotoxic and Neurobehavioral Effects of 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) in Zebrafish Embryos. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "In 5 dpf larvae, MDPV caused a sustained, concentration-dependent decrease in basal locomotor activity (EC50 = 2.51 µM) but did not affect prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response (ASR), unlike dextroamphetamine, which enhanced PPI via dopaminergic D2 receptor activation. Short-term (2 h) exposure of 3 dpf embryos to 0.4-400 µM MDPV induced transcriptional changes in dopaminergic and stress-responsive genes, whereas expression of major repolarizing potassium channel genes (kcnh6a and kcnq1) remained unaltered. Collectively, these results demonstrate that MDPV exerts potent negative chronotropic effects likely through direct functional interference with cardiac repolarization, while neurobehavioral effects occur at concentrations nearly two orders of magnitude lower than cardiotoxic thresholds, supporting zebrafish as a predictive model for the integrative assessment of psychostimulant toxicity."

Journal • Cardiovascular • KCNQ1OT1

Evaluating the impact of the risk-mitigation guidance for opioid prescribing in British Columbia, Canada using a cross-model comparison approach: study protocol. (PubMed, BMJ Open) - "Drug poisoning, caused predominantly by fentanyl in the unregulated drug supply, is the leading cause of death among persons 10-59 years in British Columbia (BC), Canada. In March 2020, in response to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the province of BC released the Risk Mitigation Guidance (RMG) as a clinical tool for physicians and nurse practitioners, allowing prescribers to provide selective withdrawal management medications, such as hydromorphone, dextroamphetamine, diazepam and others, as a legal and regulated supply of pharmaceutical alternatives to individuals who were at-risk of COVID-19 and overdose...Results of the model validation analysis will be distributed through peer-reviewed journals and knowledge translation materials posted on the websites of the BC Centre for Disease Control and Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes. https://osf.io/kju2p/overview."

Journal • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Substance Abuse

Pharmacologic Augmentation of Targeted Cognitive Training in Schizophrenia (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=68 | Completed | Sponsor: University of California, San Diego | N=28 ➔ 68 | Trial completion date: Sep 2024 ➔ Dec 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Sep 2024 ➔ Dec 2024

Enrollment change • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Role of Serotonin in the Neurobiology of Schizophrenia and Association With Negative Symptoms. (PubMed, JAMA Psychiatry) - "All participants had dynamic 90-minute [11C]Cimbi-36 positron emission tomography (PET) scans at baseline and 3 hours after oral administration of d-amphetamine 0.5mg/kg...This case-control study found that serotonergic dysfunction in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia was associated with negative symptoms, suggesting the regulation of serotonin release as a target to treat negative symptoms. Results of the exploratory analysis suggest particularly marked serotonergic dysfunction in the subgroup with deficit schizophrenia."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia • HTR2A

Cocaine and d-amphetamine self-administration under a differential reinforcement of low rates schedule of reinforcement in rats. (PubMed, Behav Pharmacol) - "These findings demonstrate rats will self-administer stimulants under a DRL schedule, and cocaine and d-amphetamine differentially disrupt behavioral inhibition. This approach provides novel insight into the complex relationships between stimulant use and behavioral control and provides a foundation for future investigations into the mechanisms of behavioral inhibition."

Journal • Preclinical

Raynaud's phenomenon during treatment with lisdexamfetamine: risk of cerebral vasospasm? (PubMed, Einstein (Sao Paulo)) - "Lisdexamfetamine, a prodrug used to treat Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in children, adolescents, and adults, is an inactive substance that is converted into its active form (dextroamphetamine) after being metabolized. In both patients presented in this report, discontinuation of the medication led to resolution of the phenomenon within a few days. This report highlights the fact that one of the patients reported episodes of dizziness during Raynaud's phenomenon, drawing attention to the potential associated complications."

Journal • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry • Rheumatology

Exposures to attention deficient hyperactivity disorder medications reported to the New South Wales Poisons Information Centre (2014-2023): A retrospective study. (PubMed, Aust N Z J Psychiatry) - "Exposures to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medications present a growing public health issue. Rates have risen annually over the past decade, and the majority require medical attention, placing strain on healthcare resources. There are notable differences in exposure patterns among affected age groups. This highlights the need for targeted preventive measures focused on both quality use of the medication being prescribed as well as considering the circumstances and safety of the individual and household."

Journal • Retrospective data • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

Craniopharyngioma - What's next. (PubMed, Pituitary) - "Therapeutic interventions such as dextroamphetamine and other centrally acting stimulants, along with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, and setmelanotide have shown potential in promoting weight reduction. Bariatric surgery has also demonstrated efficacy; however, the use of irreversible surgical techniques in pediatric populations remains ethically and legally contentious. This report summarizes perspectives of future research and clinical progress in diagnostics, treatment, and follow-up of patients with craniopharyngioma."

Journal • Brain Cancer • Cardiovascular • CNS Tumor • Genetic Disorders • Hypothalamic Injury-associated Obesity • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity • Oncology • Pediatrics

D-amphetamine alters the dynamic ECoG activity distribution patterns in the rat neocortex. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "This indicates that amphetamine impacts cortical network dynamics broadly and in multifaceted ways, compatible with the system-wide presence of the receptors that amphetamine interferes with. Our data indicates that relatively low doses of D-amphetamine can induce changes in brain activity distributions that are measurable potentially also by non-invasive EEG electrodes."

Journal • Preclinical

Therapeutic Reference Ranges for ADHD Drugs in Blood of Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review by the AGNP TDM-Task Force. (PubMed, Pharmacopsychiatry) - "This study aimed to establish preliminary therapeutic reference ranges for methylphenidate (MPH), d-amphetamine (d-AMP), atomoxetine (ATX), and guanfacine (GFC), based on a systematic review of the existing relevant literature.Therapeutic reference ranges were calculated based on blood concentrations measured in responder children and adolescents with ADHD. For GFC, only one study was eligible, with a mean blood concentration of 7.5 ng/mL in responders.The results provide preliminary recommendations that can serve as reference values for therapeutic drug monitoring in children and adolescents treated with MPH, AMP, ATX, and GFC. Further research is needed to validate or refine the proposed therapeutic ranges."

Journal • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

Translatome of dorsal striatum parvalbumin interneurons revisited: insights across diverse experimental paradigms. (PubMed, Front Cell Neurosci) - "Transcriptomic analysis of DS PV neurons following repeated d-amphetamine exposure identified Gm20683 as the only differentially expressed transcript between treated groups...These findings provide a comprehensive molecular profile of DS PV interneurons, distinguishing them from other striatal PV populations, and reveal specific gene expression changes associated with psychostimulant exposure and reward-driven behaviors. Our findings deepen insight into the molecular mechanisms of PV interneuron activity in striatal circuits and their potential roles in neuropsychiatric, motor and reward-related disorders."

Journal • Psychiatry • MB

Impact of dextroamphetamine substitution on the use of illicit amphetamines in adults with amphetamine dependence: a study protocol for the multicentre double blind randomised controlled trial ATLAS4Dependence. (PubMed, BMJ Open) - "There is limited evidence on how to effectively treat individuals from marginalised populations with dependence on amphetamine and/or methamphetamine (collectively referred to hereafter as amphetamine dependence). Study results will be published in international peer-reviewed medical journals. CTIS 2023-510404-44-00."

Clinical protocol • Journal • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Fatigue • Infectious Disease • Psychiatry

Unveiling Social Media Content Related to ADHD Treatment: Machine Learning Study Using X's Posts over 15 Years. (PubMed, Healthcare (Basel)) - "Methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, and atomoxetine were the most commonly mentioned medications, especially by patients, who emerged as the most active users among the English tweets. In this study, conducted on X, discussions on ADHD medications highlighted concerns about misuse, adherence, and trivialisation, with clear differences between English and Spanish tweets regarding focus and type of user participation. These findings suggest that monitoring social media can provide early signals about emerging trends, helping clinicians address misconceptions during consultations and informing public health strategies aimed at the safer and more responsible use of ADHD medications."

Journal • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

Multidimensional Evaluation of Lisdexamfetamine: Pharmacology, Therapeutic Use, Toxicity and Forensic Implications. (PubMed, Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol) - "Lisdexamfetamine (LDX), a prodrug of d-amphetamine, is widely used in the pharmacological treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and binge eating disorder (BED). This work reviews the pharmacological mechanisms, clinical applications and forensic considerations associated with its use. It is expected that clinicians, researchers and policymakers have a comprehensive understanding of the pharmacological and toxicological aspects of LDX."

Journal • Review • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Binge Eating Disorder • CNS Disorders • Dental Disorders • Insomnia • Mental Retardation • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder • Xerostomia

Characterization of mice with cell type-specific Gnal loss of function provides insights on GNAL-linked dystonia. (PubMed, Neurobiol Dis) - "Hyperactivity is not further enhanced by psychostimulant drugs (cocaine, D-amphetamine, methylphenidate) or a selective A2 agonist, KW6002, but is paradoxically reduced by caffeine. Our study identifies specific roles of Gαolf downstream of D1 and A2A receptors in the control of motor behavior and drug responses, highlighting their respective individual contribution in dysfunctional striatal signaling, including dystonia."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Dystonia • Movement Disorders • ADORA2A

Prescribed medications for patients with amphetamine-type stimulant use disorder seen in rural-serving Pacific Northwest primary care clinics. (PubMed, Addict Sci Clin Pract) - "In this sample of rural-serving primary care clinics, approximately 1 in 7 primary care patients with AT-StUD received orders for medications with preliminary evidence of effectiveness. Efforts are needed to increase access to AT-StUD treatments within primary care. These efforts could include training health professionals to consider judicious use of pharmacotherapy consistent with clinical guidelines, increasing capacity for behavioral health services including contingency management, and continuing research on pharmacologic agents."

Journal

Successful Lisdexamfetamine Treatment for Behavioral Arrests, Paroxysmal Nonkinesiogenic Dyskinesia, and Attention Deficits Due to a Previously Unreported KCNMA1 Variant. (PubMed, Neuropediatrics) - "While the treatment mechanism is unknown, dextroamphetamine and its prodrug lisdexamfetamine have been shown to successfully control the debilitating PNKD with up to several hundred daily incidents in one patient with the KCNMA1 (NM_001161352.2) c.1606A > C p.(Asn536His) and six patients with the c.3158A > G p.(Asn1053Ser) variant. Furthermore, this case increases the evidence for a broader treatment effect of lisdexamfetamine for KCNMA1 variants beyond its known effects on the control of muscle tone, in this case illustrated by better social interaction, improved attention/school performance, and mood. Finally, the previously unreported findings of heat intolerance and inability to sweat may extend the phenotypic spectrum associated with KCNMA1 variants."

Journal • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Movement Disorders • Psychiatry

Origin and Interpretation of Low Methamphetamine Levels Found in Amphetamine-Positive Urine Samples: Support for Methylation of Amphetamine as a Minor Metabolic Pathway. (PubMed, Drug Test Anal) - "Similarly, in samples from patients receiving d-amphetamine-based ADHD medication, low d-methamphetamine levels were detected, even though the pharmaceutical products contained no methamphetamine. From both a clinical and forensic perspective, a low urinary methamphetamine concentration of less than a few percent of the amphetamine level therefore does not warrant further clinical evaluation for suspected polydrug use. The present findings further demonstrate that chiral analysis of both amphetamine and methamphetamine is an effective approach for distinguishing between illicit and therapeutic sources in positive screening drug tests for the amphetamines."

Journal • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

Real world pharmacovigilance comparison of viloxazine and dextroamphetamine adverse reaction profiles. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "Although the study benefits from database utilization, its limitation lies in the spontaneous reporting system. Accurate drug safety evaluation requires future enhancements."

Adverse events • Clinical • Journal • Real-world evidence • Retrospective data • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • CNS Disorders • Depression • Mental Retardation • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Triggered temptations: A new procedure to compare reward-seeking behaviour induced by discriminative and conditioned stimuli in rats. (PubMed, Psychopharmacology (Berl)) - "Our new trial-based procedure can be used to identify unique and similar mechanisms underlying DS and CS influences on appetitive behaviour."

Journal • Preclinical

Drug Shortages for Prescription Amphetamine Derivatives. (PubMed, J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther) - "Shortages for amphetamine derivatives have increased recently, limiting access to first-line therapy for ADHD. Inaccessibility of these agents can have negative implications for the cognitive development and functioning of children and adolescents, leading to comorbid mental health disorders."

Journal • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

Can Dexamphetamine Help with Weight Loss? A Study in Primary Care (ANZCTR) - P3 | N=44 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Nepean Hospital

New P3 trial • Genetic Disorders • Obesity

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder drug search trends: a Scandinavian perspective. (PubMed, Acta Neuropsychiatr) - "Furthermore, interest in lisdexamphetamine, relative to dextroamphetamine and atomoxetine, has increased sharply in recent years in the Scandinavian countries. Overall, internet search trends for ADHD drugs mirror reported prescription patterns and identify a dominance of methylphenidate, with an increasing interest in lisdexamphetamine. As such, search trends may serve as a feasible source for identifying geographical drug preferences."

Journal • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry