dextroamphetamine immediate release / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Drug Shortages for Prescription Amphetamine Derivatives. (PubMed, J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther) - "Shortages for amphetamine derivatives have increased recently, limiting access to first-line therapy for ADHD. Inaccessibility of these agents can have negative implications for the cognitive development and functioning of children and adolescents, leading to comorbid mental health disorders."

Journal • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

Triggered temptations: A new procedure to compare reward-seeking behaviour induced by discriminative and conditioned stimuli in rats. (PubMed, Psychopharmacology (Berl)) - "Our new trial-based procedure can be used to identify unique and similar mechanisms underlying DS and CS influences on appetitive behaviour."

Journal • Preclinical

Can Dexamphetamine Help with Weight Loss? A Study in Primary Care (ANZCTR) - P3 | N=44 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Nepean Hospital

New P3 trial • Genetic Disorders • Obesity

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder drug search trends: a Scandinavian perspective. (PubMed, Acta Neuropsychiatr) - "Furthermore, interest in lisdexamphetamine, relative to dextroamphetamine and atomoxetine, has increased sharply in recent years in the Scandinavian countries. Overall, internet search trends for ADHD drugs mirror reported prescription patterns and identify a dominance of methylphenidate, with an increasing interest in lisdexamphetamine. As such, search trends may serve as a feasible source for identifying geographical drug preferences."

Journal • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

Psychedelics for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Narrative Review with Candidate Mechanisms of Action. (PubMed, CNS Drugs) - "Critically, those design factors include pharmacological factors, such as presence or absence of a placebo control and the nature of the placebo (e.g., ephedrine, dextroamphetamine, diphenhydramine, or low-dose LSD), and non-pharmacological factors, such as the treatment setting and the presence or absence of psychotherapy. We take a biopsychosocial approach, reviewing mechanisms spanning several different hierarchical levels of analysis, including cellular neuroplasticity, cognitive neuroscience, subjective experience, and social connection. Taken together, this review highlights key findings on both the efficacy and potential mechanisms of psychedelics for the treatment of AUD, which could motivate future studies in this rapidly developing field."

Journal • Review • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol)

Randomised study comparing the effects of the stimulant medications dexamphetamine and methylphenidate for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (ANZCTR) - P4 | N=100 | Completed | Sponsor: Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District | Recruiting ➔ Completed

Trial completion • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

A randomised controlled trial to investigate the efficacy of dexamphetamine compared to placebo for treating obesity complicated by obstructive sleep apnoea (ANZCTR) - P4 | N=60 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: Nepean Blue Mountains LHD | Recruiting ➔ Active, not recruiting

Enrollment closed • Genetic Disorders • Obesity • Respiratory Diseases • Sleep Apnea • Sleep Disorder

Sex-specific effects of appetite suppressants on stereotypy in rats. (PubMed, PLoS One) - "However, in contrast, female rats demonstrated greater and more homogenous weight loss than males following the administration of diethylpropion and tesofensine...Analysis of motor side effects revealed that drugs primarily targeting dopamine pathways - specifically, phentermine, mazindol, diethylpropion, cathine, and d-amphetamine - induced pronounced stereotypies, particularly head-weaving, in both sexes...Network analysis and Markov transition matrices revealed distinct behavioral profiles associated with head-weaving, which emerged as the dominant attractor state, suggesting potential mechanistic differences among these drugs. Collectively, this study provides a valuable database characterizing the behavioral side effects of appetite suppressants."

Journal • Preclinical • Movement Disorders

The management of hypothalamic obesity in craniopharyngioma. (PubMed, Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab) - "The use of dextroamphetamine in some HO patients has proved effective. Emerging therapies include melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) agonists such as setmelanotide, which restore anorexigenic signalling, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists that enhance satiety and energy expenditure, and combination strategies integrating adrenergic modulation (Tesomet). Despite promising preliminary data, long-term efficacy and safety profiles require further validation. Optimizing precision medicine approaches incorporating polypharmacotherapy and neuroendocrine modulation may redefine therapeutic paradigms for HO management."

Journal • Review • Brain Cancer • CNS Disorders • CNS Tumor • Genetic Disorders • Hypothalamic Injury-associated Obesity • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity • Sleep Disorder • LEP

Pharmacologic Reversal of Xylazine-Induced Unconsciousness in Rats. (PubMed, Anesth Analg) - "Atipamezole, d-amphetamine, and chloro-APB accelerate emergence from xylazine-induced unconsciousness and restore EEG oscillation patterns consistent with wakefulness. However, none of these reversal agents restore recognition memory."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Pain

Experimental Parkinsonism induced by tetanus toxin injected into basal ganglia. (PubMed, Br J Pharmacol) - "Tetanus toxin injected into the basal ganglia evokes transient hypokinetic motor dysfunctions, consistent with experimental Parkinsonism, with differential occurrence of individual motor symptoms depending on the region targeted. These results suggest that TeNT might be a useful non-neurodegenerative pharmacological agent for investigating motor control abnormalities involving GABA-ergic basal ganglia circuits."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Infectious Disease • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Tetanus

Kappa opioid receptor antagonism restores phosphorylation, trafficking and behavior induced by a disease-associated dopamine transporter variant. (PubMed, Mol Psychiatry) - "Treatment of these disorders remains inadequate, as exemplified by the therapeutic use of d-amphetamine and methylphenidate for the treatment of ADHD, agents with high abuse liability. Importantly, KOR antagonism also corrected in vivo DA release as well as sex-dependent behavioral abnormalities observed in DAT Val559 mice. Given their low abuse liability, our studies with a construct valid model of human DA associated disorders reinforce considerations of KOR antagonism as a pharmacological strategy to treat DA associated brain disorders."

Journal • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Autism Spectrum Disorder • Bipolar Disorder • CNS Disorders • Genetic Disorders • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

The effect of a synthetic cannabinoid agonist (nabilone) on unimodal tactile illusion correlates with a psychometric scores in healthy volunteers. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "However, there were associations between the overall psychometric scores and funneling under the strongest (0 ms delay) illusion condition, which is dependent on the drug condition (nabilone ρ = 0.45, p = 0.028). To conclude, unlike the effects of dexamphetamine, low activation of the cannabinoid system decreases the illusory perception of funneling, with narrowing spatial BWs."

Clinical • Journal • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Medication Use in Pregnancy and Risk of Preterm Birth: A Population-Based Cohort Study. (PubMed, Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol) - "ADHD medication may modestly increase the risk of preterm birth, especially with atomoxetine early and methylphenidate late in pregnancy, and with longer durations of use."

Journal • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

Behavioral Effects of Stimulated Dopamine Release and D2-like Receptor Displacement in Parkinson's Patients with Impulse-Control Disorder. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "We applied a placebo-controlled dextro-amphetamine (dAMPH) study in 20 PD patients: 10 with ICBs (PD-ICB) and 10 without (PD-C)...Elevated mood symptoms of acute dAMPH administration in PD are linked to DA release in the mesocorticolimbic regions. Distinctions in behavioral effects among PD-ICB subjects emphasize that dysregulated striatal and extra-striatal DA-ergic networks alter mood responses to stimulated DA release and may also contribute to behavioral changes resulting from DA-targeting therapies in PD."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Amphetamine increases timing variability by degrading prefrontal temporal encoding. (PubMed, Neuropharmacology) - "We also implanted multielectrode recording arrays in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex of 7 mice and then examined the effects of 1.5 mg/kg D-amphetamine injected intraperitoneally on interval timing behavior and prefrontal neuronal ensemble activity...These findings suggest that amphetamine alters prefrontal temporal processing by increasing the variability of prefrontal temporal encoding. Our work provides insight into how amphetamine affects prefrontal activity, which may be useful in developing new neurophysiological markers for amphetamine use and novel treatments targeting the prefrontal cortex."

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Neurofibromatosis associated with anorexia nervosa and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. (PubMed, BMJ Case Rep) - "After being diagnosed with AN, she was diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and successfully treated with stimulant medication (dexamphetamine) without compromising her body weight. In summary, the case illustrates that NF1 may be a risk factor for AN development and that recovery from AN is possible while treating comorbid ADHD with stimulant medications."

Journal • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Anorexia • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • CNS Disorders • Dermatology • Genetic Disorders • Neurofibromatosis • Psychiatry • Solid Tumor • NF1

Disruptive effects of d-amphetamine on conditioned sexual inhibition in the male rat. (PubMed, Psychopharmacology (Berl)) - "As observed previously with alcohol, a low dose of d-amphetamine disrupted the display of a CSI by acting on brain regions mediating sexual behavior."

Journal • Preclinical

Pharmacologic Augmentation of Computerized Auditory Training in Chronic Psychosis: Preliminary Findings From a Single-Site, Double-Blind Study. (PubMed, Schizophr Bull) - "Results are mixed; drug-associated gains in several measures vs PBO suggest that these regimens may augment AT-induced functional and clinical improvement in psychosis patients, independent of changes in neurocognition. Assessment in larger samples seems warranted."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Novel application potential of lisdexamfetamine for visual discrimination and reversal learning improvement in rats: A translational cognitive research. (PubMed, Exp Neurol) - "Here, we explored the effects of lisdexamfetamine, the prodrug of d-amphetamine, on visual discrimination and cognitive flexibility using touchscreen-based visual discrimination and reversal learning task, a translational cross-species cognitive paradigm in rats. The chronic effects of lisdexamfetamine on enhancing visual discrimination learning may be partly related to increase membranous NMDARs distribution in the hippocampus. The present study suggests a novel potential application of lisdexamfetamine for improving visual discrimination and cognitive flexibility, which may facilitate the clinical application to address certain cognitive deficits in neuropsychiatric disorders."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Mental Retardation • Psychiatry • GRIN2A • GRIN2B

Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness in obstructive sleep apnea (PubMed, Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi) - "Surgical interventions can also be used as an adjunctive therapy to CPAP (2, B).Recommendation 6: OSA patients with EDS should make lifestyle changes, including correcting poor lifestyle habits and improving sleep hygiene, to improve nocturnal sleep quality and daytime alertness (3, B).Recommendation 7: Pharmacological wake-promoting agents may be considered, after careful clinical evaluation, in OSA patients who meet the following criteria: ① Residual EDS persists despite adequate and adherent conventional OSA therapy (including CPAP, oral appliances, and surgery) with exclusion of other EDS etiologies; ② Patients with EDS who refuse, are intolerant of, or are not compliant with conventional therapy; ③ Patients with EDS that severely impairs quality of life, interferes with work/study performance, or increases the risk of accidents (including those with actual or near-miss accidents) (expert consensus, ungraded).Recommendation 8: For patients with residual EDS despite..."

Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Excessive Daytime Sleepiness • Obstructive Sleep Apnea • Psychiatry • Respiratory Diseases • Sleep Disorder

MDMA-Assisted Therapy for Veterans with Moderate to Severe Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=40 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Stephen Robert Marder | Not yet recruiting ➔ Recruiting | Trial primary completion date: May 2025 ➔ Mar 2026

Enrollment open • Trial primary completion date • CNS Disorders • Mood Disorders • Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

Compound PZ-1262, a 4-isoquinoline-sulfonamide analog of Brexpiprazole, produces potential antidepressant, anxiolytic and procognitive effects in rodent models. (PubMed, Pharmacol Rep) - "The complex pharmacodynamic profile translated into the useful psychotropic effects. While the compounds potentiated D-amphetamine- and phencyclidine-induced hyperactivity, this action could be regarded as a desired activating effect rather than evidence against antipsychotic-like efficacy. Present findings point to PZ-1262 as a more promising lead compound for further research."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Acute anxiogenic effect of lisdexamphetamine dimesylate in zebrafish: implications of off-label cognitive enhancement use. (PubMed, Toxicol Res (Camb)) - "The off-label use of lisdexamphetamine dimesylate (LDX), a prodrug of dextroamphetamine, for cognitive enhancement has raised concerns due to its potential risk effects in neurotypical individuals. The concentrations also cause increases in lipid peroxidation and total protein content, making this finding likely to be directed at the fish's inflammatory response. Our results highlight that acute use of LDX does not improve cognition, but causes an anxiogenic effect, and showed oxidative damage by increasing total proteins, highlighting potential health risks associated with non-medical use of LDX, particularly among neurotypical individuals seeking cognitive benefits."

Journal • Inflammation • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Contrasting the reinforcing effects of the novel dopamine transport inhibitors JJC8-088 and JJC8-091 in monkeys: Potential translation to medication assisted treatment. (PubMed, J Pharmacol Exp Ther) - "The dopamine transport inhibitor and releaser d-amphetamine has been shown to decrease cocaine self-administration (SA), although it has abuse liability. Recently, several modafinil analogs reduced cocaine SA in rats and monkeys, including JJC8-088, characterized as "cocaine-like" in rats, and JJC8-091, characterized as "atypical" and not SA by rats...This study found that both compounds maintained SA in monkeys responding under several conditions. However, when given access to an alternative reinforcer during the SA session, JJC8-091 was not reinforcing, suggesting that JJC8-091 may have lower abuse liability than cocaine and may be a viable candidate for cocaine use disorder because, in the human population, alternatives to drug use are often available."

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