chlorpromazine / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

A physics-informed neural network framework for quantitative analysis of transcytosis and physical diffusion in an in vitro BBB. (PubMed, J Nanobiotechnology) - "A mass-balance-constrained PINN incorporating a TEER-linked permeability term reproduced transport profiles and generalized to combined perturbation (TNF-α + chlorpromazine). Under our conditions, the model suggested that vesicular uptake represented the major route, with a smaller diffusion component that increased during junctional disruption and clathrin inhibition. Overall, this combined experimental-computational approach provides a practical framework for pathway-informed evaluation of nanoparticle transport across the BBB."

Journal • Preclinical • TNFA

Clinical characteristics of cyclic vomiting syndrome and the therapeutic efficacy of chlorpromazine combined with promethazine (PubMed, Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi) - "In contrast, 20 children who received intravenous drip ondansetron or omeprazole had a vomiting duration of 3 (3, 5) d. The vomiting duration in the chlorpromazine plus promethazine group was significantly shorter than that in the ondansetron or omeprazole group (Z=6.69, P<0.01). Vomiting is frequently accompanied by other gastrointestinal or autonomic symptoms. For acute episodes, chlorpromazine combined with promethazine is an effective and safe treatment."

Journal • Anorexia • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Pain • Pediatrics • Psychiatry • Rare Diseases

Antipsychotic treatment patterns and cardiometabolic medicine use: current real-world evidence. (PubMed, Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci) - "Use of cardiometabolic medicines is increased among people on long-term antipsychotic treatment. These results highlight the need for active monitoring for cardiometabolic adverse effects, with antipsychotic cessation where possible, or timely interventions to limit morbidity."

HEOR • Journal • Real-world evidence • Retrospective data • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Metabolic Disorders

Time-Dependent Neuroprotection of Pre-reperfusion Hypothermia: CREB1/GATA3-Driven RBM3 Transcription Cooperates with Mitochondrial Preservation to Block Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress-Induced Pyroptosis (ISC 2026) - "Pharmacological cooling (chlorpromazine+promethazine) was applied in vivo and physical hypothermia (32°C) were applied in vitro. Pre-reperfusion hypothermia uniquely enables RBM3 accumulation by combining CREB1/GATA3-driven transcription with mitochondrial preservation to avert ROS-mediated suppression. RBM3 acts as a pivotal determinant of neuroprotection, providing strategic targets for stroke therapy."

Cardiovascular • CREB1 • GATA3 • NLRP3 • RBM3 • TXNIP

Effects of Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonists on Seizure Quality in Modified Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Pilot Study. (PubMed, J ECT) - "DORA use during m-ECT did not impair seizure quality, supporting their safe concomitant use. Findings were consistent across subgroup, agent, and dose-response analyses. Larger prospective trials are warranted to confirm these results."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Insomnia • Sleep Disorder

Clinical predictors of short-term treatment response in stupor: a retrospective study. (PubMed, Front Psychiatry) - "Responders were more likely to receive ECT (χ2 = 6.667, P = 0.010), higher chlorpromazine equivalent doses (|Z| = 3.418, P = 0.001), and olanzapine (χ2 = 4.365, P = 0.037), while inflammatory markers showed no differences. However, these findings are preliminary, limited to two-week outcomes in a modest retrospective sample. The role of inflammation in stupor remains inconclusive, and further studies are warranted to clarify its predictive value."

Journal • Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Inflammation

Use of antipsychotics in children and adolescents in Spain, 2015-2023: a real-world, population-based study. (PubMed, Span J Psychiatry Ment Health) - "AP prescriptions and patients treated among Spanish youth increased significantly between 2015 and 2023, with notable differences by age and sex. While total CED rose, treatment intensity per patient remained relatively stable. Future studies should investigate the clinical indications for these prescriptions as well as the outcomes associated with AP use in children and adolescents."

Journal • Real-world evidence • CNS Disorders

Clinical and Inflammatory Correlates of Negative Symptom Dimensions in Schizophrenia: Cross-Sectional Evidence for Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Associations With Motivational Deficits in Hospitalized Patients. (PubMed, Cureus) - "In this inpatient cohort, NLR was the most consistent correlate of motivational negative symptoms, while CRP showed a weak association with Avolition, and C4 showed no clear relationship. Findings are hypothesis-generating and require replication in larger, longitudinal samples."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Inflammation • Obesity • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia • CRP

Dexmedetomidine versus Chlorpromazine for Patients in ICU with Hyperactive Delirium: A Single-Center, Prospective, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial (ChiCTR) - P=N/A | N=104 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Huashan Hospital Fudan University; Huashan Hospital Fudan University

New trial • CNS Disorders

Antipsychotic prescribing patterns and determinants in first-episode psychosis: a 2019-2024 cross-sectional study from Zambia. (PubMed, BMC Psychiatry) - "The findings indicate a relative preference for first-generation antipsychotics, with prescribing influenced by gender and treatment adherence. Prescribing reflects pragmatic, context-driven decision-making shaped by medication availability and affordability in a low-resource setting. This calls for policies that strengthen evidence-based prescribing practices, integrate sex-sensitive and adherence-focused approaches, and improve access to effective antipsychotic options within health systems."

Journal • Observational data • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

Serum High Mobility Group Box Protein-1 Levels in Schizophrenia During Acute Psychotic Episodes and Remission. (PubMed, Noro Psikiyatr Ars) - "There was a statistically significant negative correlation between serum HMGB1 levels and chlorpromazine-equivalent antipsychotic doses (rs=-0.316, p=0.047)...However, further research is needed to confirm this. Increased HMGB1 may contribute to schizophrenia pathogenesis through neuroinflammation."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Inflammation • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia • CRP • HMGB1

Analysis of Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Interactions Between Chlorpromazine and Risperidone via Simultaneous Measurement of Multiple Receptor Occupancy in the Rat Brain. (PubMed, Biomedicines) - "Co-administration with chlorpromazine significantly increased the plasma concentrations of risperidone and its metabolite, paliperidone, and decreased the oral clearance of risperidone by 5.9-fold. Co-administration of chlorpromazine and risperidone increases the occupancy of D2, 5-HT2A, and mACh receptors in the rat brain and increases the plasma concentrations of risperidone and paliperidone, suggesting a potential risk of enhanced adverse effects due to both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions involving target and non-target brain receptors."

Journal • PK/PD data • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

CHILL-S: Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of Hibernation-Like Therapy (Chlorpromazine and Promethazine) in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) Eligible for Reperfusion Therapy. (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=57 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Ji Xunming,MD,PhD

New trial • Cardiovascular • Ischemic stroke

Three cases of drug-related death during treatment for stimulant-induced psychosis. (PubMed, Leg Med (Tokyo)) - "Two deaths were directly due to drug overdose (Case 1, chlorpromazine and quetiapine poisoning; Case 2, zotepine and tramadol poisoning). In the third case, the direct cause of death was hanging, but markedly elevated blood concentrations of quetiapine and trazodone suggested that drug intoxication may have contributed to death. Elucidating the pathophysiology of stimulant-induced psychosis and selecting and developing effective treatments are essential, and long-term mental health care and social support to prevent isolation are crucial for preventing unfortunate deaths."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Deciphering the roles of AcrAB-TolC efflux pump in promoting the transmission of antibiotic resistance. (PubMed, Drug Resist Updat) - "Furthermore, we identify chlorpromazine as a potential AcrB ligand, which blocks plasmid transfer both in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, our findings reveal the role of efflux pumps in plasmid transfer and underscore AcrB as a druggable target to curtail the spread of antibiotic resistance."

Journal

Chitosan conjugated cyclodextrin nanocomposite loaded with antibiotic-adjuvant combinations remediates multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in CD-1 mice model of bovine mastitis. (PubMed, Nanoscale) - "Here, we developed a NeACT constituting ceftiofur (CF) loaded chitosan nanoparticles conjugated with chlorpromazine (CPZ) and tannic acid (TA) loaded cyclodextrin nanoparticles...Overall, NeACT successfully reduced the effective concentration of CF, CPZ, and TA and overcame Sa1158c CF resistance. These desirable therapeutic characteristics warrant its application for treating BM."

Journal • Preclinical • Infectious Disease

Environmental Consequences of Anthropogenic Pollution: Non-antibiotic-Drug-Driven Antibiotic Resistance Selection in a Model Aquatic Ecosystem. (PubMed, Environ Health (Wash)) - "Four NADs with different mechanisms of action were included at a high (mg/L) and low (μg/L) dose to establish dose-response relationships: chlorpromazine (antipsychotic), diclofenac (anti-inflammatory), diphenhydramine (antihistamine), and fluoxetine (antidepressant). Pseudomonas (including some ARG-harboring subpopulations) was identified as a key player in the response to NAD pollution. Here, we demonstrate NAD-driven antibiotic resistance selection in complex aquatic communities, raising concerns about the collateral effects on human and environmental health due to the extensive anthropocentric use of NADs."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Gene Therapies

Differences in the Prevalence of Use and Dosage of Psychotropic Drugs by Smoking Status in Inpatient and Outpatient: An Observational, Analytical, Cross-Sectional Study. (PubMed, Psychopharmacol Bull) - "Dosages were reported in mg/day, defined daily doses (DDD), and for antipsychotics as chlorpromazine equivalents (CPZeq). The average dosage of sedatives/hypnotics was 45.5% higher among smokers (13.6%-89.5%; p = 0.008). A high prevalence of smoking was found among patients with severe mental disorders, associated with higher average dosages of sedatives/hypnotics and antipsychotics, particularly clozapine and olanzapine."

Journal • Observational data • CNS Disorders • Mental Retardation • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

A description of antipsychotic prescribing patterns on the inpatient behavioral health setting: a multicenter cross-sectional analysis. (PubMed, Ther Adv Psychopharmacol) - "Primary outcomes were the amount of Total Chlorpromazine Equivalent Dosing doses and the clinician's adherence to FDA guidance...The results of this study can inform practice regarding antipsychotic prescribing patterns in different populations. Conducting prospective studies across a broader range of institutions, it is recommended to better understand the relationship between patient demographics and prescribing patterns during periods of acute illness."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Diabetes • Mental Retardation • Metabolic Disorders • Movement Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Evaluation of toxicokinetic interactions mediated by plasma protein binding during amoxapine intoxication. (PubMed, J Toxicol Sci) - "Toxicity enhancement mediated by plasma protein binding during intoxication remains poorly understood. In addition, chlorpromazine inhibits AMX binding to α1-acid glycoprotein; however, AMX may alternatively binds to albumin, which results in no apparent change in the total binding ratio. Further insights into the toxicokinetic interactions mediated by plasma protein binding are also needed for various toxic substances other than AMX."

Journal

Acute confusional migraine in adults – A case report (EHF-EHC 2025) - "Diazepam, haloperidol, and chlorpromazine were administered, but agitation persisted...Lumbar puncture was performed, and empiric antibiotics plus acyclovir were started but discontinued within hours after normal CSF and negative viral PCR... Although self-limiting, no abortive treatment is available; however, valproic acid and topiramate may be used to treat and prevent recurrences. The absence of formal criteria and the diagnosis being one of exclusion hinder clinical recognition."

Case report • Clinical • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Hypertension • Migraine • Pain

COVID-19 Infection Changed P300 Latency in Patients With Psychosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study. (PubMed, Health Sci Rep) - "Effects of gender, chlorpromazine-equivalent dose (stratified: low/medium/high) were assessed...The effect is independent of gender or medication dose, suggesting direct neurological dysfunction mechanisms. Partial recovery by T4 supports the potential reversibility of COVID-19-related cognitive deficits, with implications for monitoring rehabilitation."

Journal • Retrospective data • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Evaluation of preclinical antipsychotic models used to support first-in-human clinical trials. (PubMed, Br J Pharmacol) - "Current pharmacological treatment, primarily based on dopamine D2 receptor antagonism or partial agonism, which has not markedly progressed since the emergence of chlorpromazine in the 1950s, remains inadequate in addressing the full spectrum of clinical symptoms...We examine the extent to which these models have informed regulatory submissions and clinical development, whilst also analysing the translational challenges that arise from their limited ability to capture the complexity and heterogeneity of schizophrenia, as well as the impact of inclusion criteria on the testing of antipsychotic drug efficacy. By highlighting these limitations, we propose key considerations for refining model selection, behavioural endpoints, and biomarker integration to strengthen the predictive value of preclinical research and improve the likelihood of success for novel antipsychotics in clinical trials."

First-in-human • Journal • P1 data • Preclinical • Review • CNS Disorders • Mental Retardation • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia • DRD2

Efficacy and safety of haloperidol-promethazine combination versus chlorpromazine-promethazine in managing acute behavioral disturbances and violent behavior in psychiatric patients. (PubMed, Psychiatry Res) - "The combination of haloperidol and promethazine may be more effective and associated with fewer adverse effects compared to chlorpromazine and promethazine in the management of acute behavioral disturbances and violent behavior in individuals with psychiatric disorders. These findings support the use of haloperidol in combination with promethazine as a preferred intervention in acute psychiatric settings."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Mental Retardation • Psychiatry

Use of IV Chlorpromazine and IV Methadone for Hypoactive Withdrawal Following Medetomidine Use (ASHP 2025) - No abstract available