chlorpromazine / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Physicochemical and Microbiological Stability of Commonly Prescribed APIs in SyrSpend® SF PH4: A Comprehensive Compatibility Study. (PubMed, Int J Pharm Compd) - "The following formulations were tested: azithromycin (40.0 mg/mL), bismuth subsalicylate (17.5 mg/mL), budesonide (0.25 mg/mL), buspirone (2.5 mg/mL), cephalexin (50.0 mg/mL), chlorpromazine hydrochloride (100.0 mg/mL), citalopram hydrobromide (2.0 mg/mL), cyanocobalamin (0.2 mg/mL), famotidine (8.0 mg/mL), meloxicam (0.2 mg/mL), and orphenadrine citrate (5.0 mg/mL). Its excipient profile - free from harmful substances like alcohol, parabens, propylene glycol, and sorbitol - supports safe use in pediatric and geriatric patients. The study provides evidence-based guidance for pharmacists in assigning appropriate BUDs and optimizing personalized therapy through compounded oral suspensions."

Journal • Geriatric Disorders • Pediatrics

Chlorpromazine nanoparticles enhance anti-cancer effect of Doxorubicin nanoparticles preventing their extrusion (EACR 2025) - "Our results demonstrate that co-treatment of DOX-NPs along with CPZ in solution or as CPZ NPs significantly enhance the cytotoxic efficiency of the anticancer drug, thereby reducing the dose of anticancer drug required. Co-treatment of DOX-NPs with CPZ-NPs showed better cytotoxicity as compared to CPZ in solution."

Oncology

Pre-post implementation study of a medication-focused order set for management of acute agitation in a pediatric emergency department. (PubMed, Am J Health Syst Pharm) - "Prescribing practices, including medication selection, ordered frequency, ADC overrides, and combination therapy, differed following the implementation of a medication-focused order set for acute agitation. Transitioning to empiric oral and intramuscular olanzapine as first-line therapy, diphenhydramine as second-line therapy, and olanzapine as third-line therapy did not increase the rate of medication administration or utilization of subsequent lines of therapy. Additional studies are needed to better understand individualized response, adverse effects, and the incidence of oversedation with pharmacotherapy for acute agitation management in pediatric patients in the ED setting."

Journal • Anesthesia • Pediatrics • Psychiatry

Comparative Toxicokinetics and Biomarker Responses of Typical Psychiatric Pharmaceuticals in Daphnia magna. (PubMed, Toxics) - "In this study, eight typical PDs [carbamazepine (CBZ), citalopram (CIT), sertraline (SER), venlafaxine (VLF), amitriptyline (AMT), chlorpromazine (CPM), quetiapine (QTP) and clozapine (CLZ)] were selected to study the uptake, depuration and biological effects of PDs in Daphnia magna. The Ku of PDs, oxidative stress and metabolic level of D. magna combine to affect BCF levels together. In conclusion, this study contributes to a better understanding of the toxicokinetics and biochemical responses of PDs in D. magna and potential mechanisms of action, which may allow for a better assessment of their environmental health risks to aquatic ecosystems."

Biomarker • Journal • Pain • Psychiatry

Investigating Chlorpromazine's Role in Attenuating Quorum Sensing and Biofilm in Gram-Negative Bacteria (ASM Microbe 2025) - "The study shows the potential of chlorpromazine as a quorum sensing inhibitor, offering a promising strategy for managing bacterial infections by targeting virulence factors rather than relying solely on traditional antibiotics. Further research is warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms of chlorpromazine's action and its applicability in clinical settings."

Gram negative • Infectious Disease

Efficacy of Antipsychotic Treatment for Delusional Infestation: A Retrospective Cohort Study. (PubMed, J Cutan Med Surg) - "Amisulpride, followed by paliperidone and risperidone, emerged as the most effective treatments for DI, with the greatest reductions in symptom severity, confirming previous studies. The effect is significant over time."

Journal • Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Dermatology • Mental Retardation • Psychiatry

Impact of Early Antipsychotic Prescription Choice on Weight Gain in the First 5 Years of Psychotic Illness: a Retrospective Cohort Study. (PubMed, Neurol Ther) - "Younger women were at elevated risk for weight gain as were people prescribed multiple antipsychotics in the 1st year. Some older antipsychotics associated with as much weight gain as the newer prescribed agents. More than 40% of people did not put on weight."

Journal • Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Obesity • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Efficacy and tolerability of pharmacological interventions for schizophrenia non-responsive to prior treatment: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. (PubMed, EClinicalMedicine) - "Clozapine showed superior efficacy for overall symptoms compared to haloperidol, chlorpromazine, quetiapine, and sulpiride (SMDs 0.35 to 1.00). It slightly outperformed olanzapine for positive symptoms (SMD 0.19; 95% CI 0.00 to 0.37) and risperidone for response rates (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.41 to 1.01). Clozapine combinations with amisulpride, duloxetine, memantine, mirtazapine, topiramate, and ziprasidone improved overall symptoms more than clozapine monotherapy (SMDs -1.53 to -0.51)...These results emphasise the need for personalised treatment, further research comparing non-clozapine antipsychotic combinations to high-dose clozapine monotherapy, and studies on long-term outcomes. None."

Journal • Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

A Review of Neonatal Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Withdrawal Syndrome. (PubMed, J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther) - "Potential measures can include the administration of clonidine for tachycardia, hypertension, diaphoresis, and restlessness; phenobarbital for seizures; or chlorpromazine for agitation and irritability. There is generally no role for the use of morphine or methadone in the treatment of NSWS without combined exposure to opioids in utero...There are limited data differentiating NSWS from neonatal opioid withdrawal despite these disease states being caused by different pharmaceutical agents. There needs to be clear and comprehensive guidelines inclusive of newer studies and comparative treatment efficacies to promote evidence-based practices surrounding NSWS."

Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Hypertension

Molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor based on nitrogen-doped hollow mesoporous carbon spheres with PEDOT for selective and ultrasensitive detection of chlorpromazine. (PubMed, Biosens Bioelectron) - "Consequently, the developed sensor has achieved a lower limit of detection (0.18 nM), a wider detection range (0.0005-85 μM), better stability, and satisfactory practicability in the detection of chlorpromazine. This research provides a new strategy for developing advanced MIP/ECS to pollutant quantification monitoring."

Journal

Oxygen-Dependent Accelerated Stability Modeling of Drug Products. (PubMed, Mol Pharm) - "A new formalism for accelerating the determination of shelf life with respect to temperature, relative humidity (when applicable), and oxygen concentration is proposed and exemplified for liquid sesame oil and formulated tablets of chlorpromazine...This inefficiency in oxidation suggests that indirect oxidation occurs, implicating the formation of reactive oxygen species in the reaction process. The models are in good agreement with real-time data for both case studies."

Journal

Effects of intravenous propofol combined with opioids on euphoria in patients undergoing painless gastrointestinal endoscopy: protocol for a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. (PubMed, Front Pharmacol) - P=N/A | "This study aims to evaluate the effects of intravenous propofol combined with fentanyl, nalbuphine, or saline on euphoria in patients undergoing painless gastrointestinal endoscopy...The primary outcome is the Addiction Research Center Inventory (ARCI) - Morphine-Benzedrine Group (MBG) scores at 30 min post-awakening. Secondary outcomes will include ARCI-MBG scores at 1 week and 1 month postoperatively; ARCI total scores at 30 min post-awakening, 1 week, and 1 month postoperatively; ARCI-Pentobarbital, Chlorpromazine, Alcohol Group (PCAG) scores at 30 min post-awakening, 1 week, and 1 month postoperatively; ARCI-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) scores at 30 min post-awakening, 1 week, and 1 month postoperatively; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores at 1 week and 1 month postoperatively; and dream descriptions (none, pleasant, or nightmare) at 30 min post-awakening; The Surgical Pleth Index..."

Clinical • Journal • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • Anesthesia • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Cough • Hypotension • Pain • Psychiatry • Respiratory Diseases

Inside the cell: Approaches to evaluating mRNA internalization and trafficking. (PubMed, Methods) - "To dissect the pathways involved in uptake, we employed three distinct endocytic inhibitors-chlorpromazine, wortmannin, and genistein-each targeting specific endocytic mechanisms...Key methodologies such as flow cytometry and correlative light and electron microscopy, known as CLEM, are described in detail for their effectiveness in analyzing mRNA internalization. A deeper understanding of the internalization and intracellular fate of mRNA is essential for the advancement of more efficient and safer mRNA-based delivery platforms."

Journal

Clozapine for older adults with severe mental illness: a systematic review and expert recommendations for clinical practice. (PubMed, Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol) - "The single controlled study in a small sample did not find clozapine superior to chlorpromazine. Further studies are required to document how to adapt clozapine treatment to physiological aging or incident comorbidities and co-prescriptions. www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero identifier is CRD420251038600."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Constipation • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hypotension • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Effectiveness and Safety of Repetitive Intravenous Chlorpromazine Infusions in Pediatric Patients with Refractory Headache Disorders: A Retrospective Chart Review Study (AHS 2025) - No abstract available

Late-breaking abstract • Retrospective data • Review • CNS Disorders • Migraine • Pain

A real-world population-based study on the association between cataracts and antipsychotics. (PubMed, Can J Ophthalmol) - "Chlorpromazine (ROR: 7.60; 95%; confidence interval [CI] = 3.78%-15.29%; p < 0.0001; [lower limit of the 95% credibility interval for the information component] IC025 = 1.23) and quetiapine (ROR1: 64; 95% CI = 1.44%-1.88%; p < 0.0001; IC025 = 0.48) showed significantly higher odds of cataract reporting compared to all other drugs. This pattern also occurred in both drugs in the 18-44 and 45-64 age groups, with greater magnitude in the younger group Cataract development was disproportionately reported after the use of certain FGAs and SGAs. Although a cause-and-effect relationship cannot be established, these findings underscore the importance of vigilance and regular ocular monitoring in individuals prescribed antipsychotics."

Journal • Real-world evidence • Cataract • CNS Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Ophthalmology • ROR1

Therapeutic drug monitoring for antipsychotic medication to estimate drug adherence in Japanese patients with psychiatric disorders (CINP-AsCNP 2025) - " Patients who diagnosed with psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder, at the Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Hospital and prescribed antipsychotics (haloperidol, levomepromazine, aripiprazole, paliperidone, risperidone, olanzapine, and/or quetiapine) were enrolled between August 2021 and October 2023...Factor analysis was done by using factors possibly influencing adherence such as sex, age, diagnosis, number of drugs, antipsychotic dosage [calculated as chlorpromazine (CP) equivalents] and the use of concomitant drugs including antiparkinsonian drugs, antidepressants, benzodiazepines, and mood stabilizers... Consistent with previous reports, the better adherence rate determined by TDM for antipsychotics in Japanese patients was mostly same. Our results revealed that the concomitant medications contributed to improved adherence of antipsychotic medications with relatively high intensity treatment of..."

Adherence • Clinical • Drug adherence • Bipolar Disorder • CNS Disorders • Depression • Major Depressive Disorder • Mental Retardation • Mood Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Targeting microglial activation in schizophrenia: a longitudinal [18F]DPA-714 PET imaging study investigating the effects of a 3-month treatment with natalizumab - **Rafaelsen Young Investigators Award 2025** (CINP-AsCNP 2025) - P1 | "All patients were symptomatic despite receiving dopamine blockers (median chlorpromazine equivalent dose 287mg/day). To our knowledge, this is the largest PET TSPO study to date in FEP, and the first study to test the effects of natalizumab in patients with schizophrenia. Our findings indicate higher TSPO levels in temporal and total GM in patients with FEP compared to healthy controls, with a small to medium effect size. Natalizumab treatment did not normalize this signal or improve symptom measures relative to placebo, indicating this is unlikely to be an efficacious therapeutic approach for schizophrenia."

CNS Disorders • Inflammation • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Retrospective study for correlation with reducing antiparkinsonian anticholinergic drugs and adverse effects (CINP-AsCNP 2025) - "The dosage of antipsychotic drugs was 423.6±320.3 mg of chlorpromazine equivalent, and that of biperiden equivalent was 3.3±2.0 mg. Adverse events occurred at a rate of 64.5% when the anticholinergic dose was reduced by 0.85 mg/week in biperiden equivalents. There was no correlation with antipsychotic dosage. Various adverse events appeared at higher doses before reduction."

Adverse events • Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Constipation • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Insomnia • Mood Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia • Sleep Disorder

Risk of metabolic syndrome in patients with bipolar disorder in Türkiye: A one-year follow-up study. (PubMed, Int J Psychiatry Med) - "Significant predictors of MetS onset included a higher number of manic/hypomanic episodes (OR = 1.459, 95% CI = 1.005-2.118, P = .047), increased chlorpromazine-equivalent antipsychotic dosages (OR = 1.007, 95% CI = 1.001-1.013, P = .024), high waist circumference (OR = 1.247, 95% CI = 1.052-1.479, P = .011), and hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 1.041, 95% CI = 1.007-1.077, P = .020). Conversely, lamotrigine use was inversely associated with MetS development (OR = 0.030, 95% CI = 0.001-0.659, P = .026).ConclusionA high incidence of MetS (41%) was observed within 1 year among patients with BD. Identified risk factors highlight opportunities for intervention through mood recurrence prevention, careful pharmacotherapy management, and treatment of pre-existing components of MetS."

Journal • Bipolar Disorder • CNS Disorders • Diabetes • Dyslipidemia • Hypertriglyceridemia • Metabolic Disorders • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

CiPA-qualified human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes: A new frontier in toxicity testing by evaluating drug-induced arrhythmias. (PubMed, Toxicol In Vitro) - "Notably, droperidol (173 %) and domperidone (182 %), originally classified as intermediate-risk compounds, were identified as high-risk in our model, consistent with previous findings by Nguyen et al...Additionally, YBLiCardio showed enhanced predictive accuracy for chlorpromazine. These findings highlight the potential of hiPSC-CMs for proarrhythmia risk assessment within the CiPA framework, complementing ion channel data and in silico modeling approaches. Overall, YBLiCardio provides a robust and physiologically relevant platform for predicting cardiotoxicity, supporting safer and more efficient pre-clinical drug discovery & development."

Journal • Cardiovascular

Determination of multiple psychostimulants and antipsychotics in postmortem dried blood spot samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. (PubMed, Leg Med (Tokyo)) - "To test our novel analytical method we used liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry to quantify two psychostimulants (amphetamine, methamphetamine) and eight antipsychotics (chlorpromazine, haloperidol, levomepromazine, aripiprazole, clozapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and paliperidone) in cadaveric DBS samples. Comparison with our general practice method (known as QuEChERS) showed good positive correlations of the quantifiable concentrations of all drugs. In addition, for all drugs, the concentrations obtained by the DBS method were almost well coincident with those obtained by the QuEChERS method."

Journal • CNS Disorders

Comparative cardiac safety of haloperidol vs. chlorpromazine among people receiving hemodialysis. (PubMed, J Psychiatr Res) - "Haloperidol was the most prescribed oral typical antipsychotic. Haloperidol new-use associated with a higher 1-year risk of SCD and other adverse cardiac outcomes compared to chlorpromazine new-use. Caution and close monitoring are warranted when newly prescribing haloperidol to individuals receiving hemodialysis."

Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Renal Disease

Evaluation of the Effect of Aldehyde Oxidase Inhibitors on 6-Mercaptopurine Metabolism. (PubMed, Biol Pharm Bull) - "Thiopurines, such as 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and azathioprine, are converted to the inactive metabolites 6-thioxanthin (6-TX) and 6-thiouric acid (6-TUA)...The metabolism of 6-MP to 6-TX was strongly inhibited by AOX inhibitors (amitriptyline, chlorpromazine, clomipramine, clozapine, hydralazine, quetiapine, and raloxifene) in a reaction mixture containing human liver cytosol. The inhibition of 6-TX production rate by each AOX inhibitor was 60-70% at high concentrations, although the XO inhibitor febuxostat showed an inhibition rate of 10-30%...However, because of the lower activity of AOX in rats than that in humans, the contribution of AOX could not be assessed using in vivo experiments. Further studies are needed to evaluate the contribution of AOX to the therapeutic and adverse effects of thiopurines, both in clinical studies and in animal models of liver humanization."

Journal • Hematological Disorders

Clinical Findings and diagnostic imaging of 28-Year Chlorpromazine induced Corneal and Lenticular Deposits. (PubMed, J Cataract Refract Surg) - No abstract available

Journal