baclofen / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Treatments for Inhalant and Volatile Substance Misuse: A Scoping Review. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Clinical studies involving medications such as aripiprazole showed significant reductions in sustained inhalant use. Similarly, case reports examining the use of baclofen, naltrexone, and lamotrigine reported varying degrees of success in promoting abstinence from inhalants and volatile substances...The literature review found that many of the approaches have only demonstrated efficacy on smaller scales and were limited by a culturally specific context. Therefore, further research employing large-scale and multifaceted methodologies is necessary to establish the efficacy and replicability of these interventions."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry • Substance Abuse

Genetic implication of GABAB receptors in the etiology of neurological and psychiatric disorders. (PubMed, Front Pharmacol) - "Early pharmacological studies with the GBR agonist baclofen and high-affinity antagonists were instrumental in revealing both pre- and postsynaptic functions of GBRs, establishing their critical role in maintaining the excitation-inhibition balance in the brain and highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets...Variants in several of these GBR-associated proteins have now also been linked to human disease, with some shown to selectively impair presynaptic GBR functions in relevant mouse models. Here, we review the genetic evidence linking GBR dysfunction to human disease and emphasize the critical role of functional analyses of genetic variants in enhancing diagnostic precision and guiding therapeutic strategies."

Journal • Review • Autism Spectrum Disorder • CNS Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Epilepsy • Genetic Disorders • Mental Retardation • Movement Disorders • Psychiatry • GABBR2

The effect of intrathecal baclofen on body mass index in children with cerebral palsy. (PubMed, J Neurosurg Pediatr) - "Although there was an absolute increase in BMI postoperatively, the small effect size and results of the linear mixed-effects model-accounting for clinical confounders, within-patient variability, and catheter level-demonstrated that ITB surgery does not significantly affect BMI. The authors conclude that improved tone control may not substantially impact BMI, necessitating further nutritional intervention to ensure optimal BMI."

Journal • Cerebral Palsy • CNS Disorders • Pediatrics

Comprehensive pediatric neurosurgical implant checklist to maintain low implant infection rates: lessons on compliance and institutional culture. (PubMed, J Neurosurg Pediatr) - "Adherence to a strict implant protocol can ensure very low rates of infections for pediatric shunts and neurosurgical implants. This study found a lower shunt infection rate than the national pediatric benchmark-the 5.1% infection rate observed within the Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network (HCRN) and the 3.9% infection rate observed within the HCRN quality network, to which the authors' institution contributes data. Despite surgeon and staff turnover, high overall institutional checklist compliance and consistently low infection rates were observed over time."

Compliance • Journal • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Pediatrics • Ventriculomegaly

Impact of Adjuvant Analgesics on Outcomes of Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nerve Stimulation: A Scoping Review. (PubMed, Pain Med) - "This review indicates that adjunctive analgesic therapy may play a significant role in either enhancing or attenuating analgesic benefits from SCS and PNS. By optimizing the use of analgesic medications, it may be possible to restore or enhance pain relief from both SCS and PNS."

Journal • Neuralgia • Pain

Botulinum toxin in preventing complications of muscle flap reconstruction in spinal cord injury/disease. (PubMed, Spinal Cord Ser Cases) - "BTX-NM can be used to prevent muscle spasms and may lead to better outcomes by reducing the minor complication rates and time to recovery."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Orthopedics

Medication Use in Multiple Sclerosis: A Population-Based Comparison With the General Danish Population. (PubMed, Ann Clin Transl Neurol) - "This large, population-based study reveals extensive use of medications targeting symptoms and comorbidities in individuals with multiple sclerosis. These insights can guide healthcare providers in optimizing patient management, addressing overlooked treatment needs, and improving overall care."

Journal • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • CNS Disorders • Constipation • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Multiple Sclerosis • Pain • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

The Future of Chemogenetics for the Treatment of Spasticity. (PubMed, Mol Diagn Ther) - "First-line treatment for spasticity includes oral medications, such as baclofen, but these drugs can have significant side effects due to inhibitory effects on neural circuits, such as drowsiness and dizziness...This Current Opinion describes the current treatment approaches for spasticity, the pathophysiology of this condition, the current state of chemogenetics, and how this technology may be applied to patients with poorly controlled spasticity. Although the use of this approach is at an early developmental stage, we believe that it shows great promise."

Journal • Review • Movement Disorders • Pain

Function and Health in Adults with Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy-A Follow-Up Study. (PubMed, J Clin Med) - "A decrease was found mainly in those who received intrathecal baclofen (ITB)... Most participants had severe impairment and many health issues, despite decreased dystonia and spasticity due to ITB. Sleep problems and pain were uncommon."

Journal • Cerebral Palsy • CNS Disorders • Dystonia • Fatigue • Movement Disorders • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Orthopedics • Pain • Sleep Disorder

An Orthopedic Perspective on the Management of Spasticity. (PubMed, R I Med J (2013)) - "Other approaches such as intrathecal baclofen pumps and selective dorsal rhizotomy have also demonstrated efficacy in controlling spasticity. Spasticity that has failed nonoperative management can be treated with orthopedic surgeries that correct deformities by either restoring joint anatomy or re-balancing the forces of spastic muscle groups. Improved mobility and reduced pain after these procedures can help patients with their rehabilitation, function, and independence."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Cerebral Palsy • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis • Muscle Spasticity • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Orthopedics • Pain • Vascular Neurology

Higher Than Expected Residual Volumes of Intrathecal Baclofen - A Brief Report. (PubMed, Dev Neurorehabil) - "One patient averaged errors of -17% over six refills and subsequently presented in acute baclofen withdrawal. Our findings suggest that volume discrepancies greater than -15% could warrant a high index of suspicion for ITB catheter or pump issues."

Journal • Cerebral Palsy • CNS Disorders

Stiff Person Syndrome in the Hospice Setting: A Case Report of Collaborative Symptom Management (PAINWeek 2025) - "The abrupt withdrawal of IVIG or baclofen can lead to recurrence in muscle stiffness, spasms and functional decline. She was also prescribed phenobarbital for seizure control...Low-dose diazepam was introduced to provide muscle relaxation and anxiolysis. Levetiracetam was also added, reflecting literature supporting its role in reducing stimulus-sensitive spasms in SPS... Palliative Care collaborated with Neurology, the primary team, and the hospice medical director to create a care plan focused on minimizing discomfort. After discussion, it was agreed that both IVIG and ITB could be continued under the hospice plan of care—not for disease modification, but for symptom palliation. She was also scheduled for a blood transfusion for fatigue management prior to discharge—an intervention that was approved due to her unique needs."

Case report • Clinical • Absence Seizure Disorder • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Mood Disorders • Pain • Psychiatry

Novel Intradural Endoscopic Lumbosacral Ventral-Dorsal Rhizotomy: A Technical Note With Operative Video. (PubMed, Oper Neurosurg) - "This first-ever endoscopic VDR demonstrates a safe and effective tone reduction methodology for patients without alternative surgical options. We are encouraged by these results and hope that this operative technique may be expanded through continued surgical innovation."

Journal • Video • Cerebral Palsy • CNS Disorders • Dystonia • Movement Disorders

Intrathecal baclofen therapy in patients with spastic paraplegia: retrospective evaluation of pretreatment drugs, test dosage, dose increments and final therapy. (PubMed, Brain Spine) - "ITB requires close clinical care and individual coordination depending on the level of pretreatment. Further analysis of complications needs larger case numbers."

Journal • Retrospective data • Genetic Disorders • Infectious Disease • Movement Disorders

The impact of anti-craving medication on cue reactivity and abstinence in patients undergoing alcohol detoxification: some preliminary evidence from a retrospective event-related potentials study. (PubMed, Psychopharmacology (Berl)) - "A reduction in neural cue reactivity, observed exclusively in the baclofen group, may act as a protective factor against early relapse in AUD. However, this study was underpowered, and findings should be interpreted cautiously until confirmed in larger prospective investigations."

Journal • Retrospective data • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol)

Comment on "Second-line pharmacological treatment strategies for trigeminal neuralgia: A retrospective comparison of lacosamide, gabapentin and baclofen". (PubMed, Headache) - No abstract available

Journal • Retrospective data • Neuralgia • Pain

PREDICT-ITB: Predicting response in children with dystonic CP to ITB - study protocol. (PubMed, medRxiv) - P=N/A | "Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) is commonly used to manage dystonic CP, though evidence supporting its effectiveness is weak due to patient variability and study limitations...NCT06606574 ( clinicaltrials.gov ). Unlike previous studies on ITB in dystonia and CP, a strength of this study is that it will directly measure effects of ITB beyond just dystonia, while also considering the child's co- existing spasticity if present, known triggers of dystonia, including pain, and CNS injury patterns contributing to dystonia.We consider multiple endpoints or the "total child" within the ICF Framework and whether concurrent therapeutic interventions appear to influence outcomes.A limitation of the study is the lack of randomization to placebo or blinding."

Journal • Cerebral Palsy • CNS Disorders • Depression • Dystonia • Movement Disorders • Pain • Psychiatry • Vascular Neurology

GABAA and GABAB Receptor Agonists Promote the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis in the Postfertilization Model Poecilia sphenops. (PubMed, Mol Reprod Dev) - "This study examined the effects of GABAA and GABAB receptor agonists, muscimol (MUSC) and baclofen (BAC), on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis in the black molly Poecilia sphenops...These results were concomitant with a significant increase in some of the embryonic developmental stages and fecundity levels in 0.5 or 5 µg MUSC-treated or 50 µg BAC-treated fish compared to those of experimental controls. Together, these findings suggest that GABAA and GABAB receptor agonists produce a stimulatory effect on the HPO axis in a receptor-specific and concentration-dependent manner for the first time in a viviparous teleost."

Journal

The Complexities of Osteoporosis in Spinal Cord Injury: Diagnosis, Management, and Multidisciplinary Care (ENDO 2025) - "His medical history included neurogenic bowel and bladder, spastic paralysis with an intrathecal baclofen pump, and chronic vitamin D deficiency...Combination therapy with bisphosphonates or denosumab has shown superior outcomes compared to monotherapy with vitamin D alone. Teriparatide and abaloparatide, though effective in increasing BMD, may have lower efficacy in SCI.A multidisciplinary approach is essential to management OP in SCI including nutrition and physical therapy modalities that attenuate BMD loss. General physicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for OP in SCI patients, as early recognition and intervention are key to preventing fractures and improving patient outcomes."

CNS Disorders • Endocrine Disorders • Inflammation • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Orthopedics • Osteoporosis • Rheumatology

Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Current Insights. (PubMed, Clin Exp Gastroenterol) - "Management strategies consist of lifestyle modifications, pharmacologic therapy with anti-secretory agents, and adjunctive treatments such as alginates and baclofen...A multidisciplinary, patient-centered approach optimizes outcomes and improves the quality of life for individuals with GERD. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current insights into GERD, focusing on clinical presentation, diagnostic strategies, and therapeutic options."

Journal • Review • Behavior Disorders • CNS Disorders • Gastroenterology • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Mental Retardation • Psychiatry

Effect of Baclofen in Management of Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Symptoms (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2/3 | N=60 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Adnan Imtiaj Rahul

New P2/3 trial • Gastroenterology • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Intraprocedural Considerations for Complex Lumbar Medial Branch Block (ASA 2025) - "Twenty-eight year-old wheelchair bound female with cerebral palsy, scoliosis, and T3-L5 fusion managed with intrathecal baclofen pump presented to pain clinic with back pain refractory to multiple therapies...With the patient in left lateral decubitus positioning, 0.5mL 0.5% Bupivacaine was injected, resulting in complete pain relief. This case highlights intraprocedural considerations for successful nerve block in the setting of atypical anatomy, positioning challenges, presence of hardware, and congenital anomalies."

Back Pain • Cerebral Palsy • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Musculoskeletal Pain • Pain • Rheumatology

Case Based Insights on Bilateral Phrenic Nerve Blocks for Intractable Hiccups (ASA 2025) - "Phrenic nerve blocks are thought to disrupts the hiccup reflex arc (Figure 1), showing promise in providing sustained relief in current literature. Additional alternative treatments for refractory cases can include baclofen, dopamine antagonists, PPIs, and vagus nerve stimulation."

Clinical • Anesthesia • Pain

Propofol-Induced Dystonia Reaction in Elective Hip Arthroplasty (ASA 2025) - "Initial treatments with dexmedetomidine, midazolam, and diphenhydramine were ineffective. Neurology recommended oral benztropine, which yielded only mild improvement. Subsequent administration of oral baclofen led to significant symptom resolution within 1-2 hours. This case highlights an uncommon adverse effect of propofol and suggests that baclofen may be a valuable adjunct when conventional therapies for drug-induced dystonia are insufficient."

Anesthesia • CNS Disorders • Dystonia • Movement Disorders • Orthopedics

Lance-Adams Syndrome: Current Understanding and Management. (PubMed, Clin EEG Neurosci) - "Clonazepam and valproate remain first-line therapies, while agents such as perampanel, sodium oxybate, cannabidiol, and intrathecal baclofen have been trialed in refractory cases. Despite its rarity, clinicians should remain alert to LAS as a potentially reversible disorder when appropriately diagnosed and managed. Standardized treatment guidelines remain a future priority."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Vascular Neurology