baclofen / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

When Hiccups Persist: An Atypical Presentation of Esophageal Candidiasis in an Immunocompetent Patient (ACG 2026) - "Outpatient treatment with baclofen, gabapentin, and pantoprazole failed to improve his symptoms, prompting hospital admission for further evaluation...He was treated with intravenous chlorpromazine, gabapentin, metoclopramide, empiric antibiotics for suspected pneumonia, and pantoprazole for possible reflux esophagitis, however, hiccups persisted...Figure: EGD demonstrating diffuse white plaques consistent with candidal esophagitis in the middle third (left) and lower third (right) of the esophagus. Figure: Hematoxylin and eosin staining demonstrating active esophagitis with acute inflammation (left) and fungal organisms morphologically consistent with Candida species, including budding yeast and pseudohyphae (right)."

Clinical • Candidiasis • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Acamprosate Is Associated With Increased Risk of Hepatic Encephalopathy and Ascites Compared With Gabapentin and Baclofen in Compensated Alcohol-Associated Cirrhosis (ACG 2026) - "After propensity matching, 2,833 patients were included in each acamprosate-gabapentin cohort, 4,840 patients in each acamprosate-baclofen cohort, and 2,470 patients in each gabapentin-baclofen cohort. Compared with gabapentin, acamprosate was associated with increased risk of HE (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.14â1.84, p=0.002) and ascites (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.21â2.00, p< 0.001). Compared with baclofen, acamprosate was associated with increased risk of HE (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.15â1.65, p< 0.001) and ascites (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.15â1.70, p=0.001)."

Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • Fibrosis • Hepatic Encephalopathy • Hepatology • Immunology • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Renal Disease

Burden of Alcoholic Liver Disease and Underutilization of FDA-Approved Medication for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Real-World Analysis (ACG 2026) - "Among patients with ALD, we assessed the incidence and prevalence of patient treated with MAUD, including naltrexone, acamprosate, and disulfiram...Off-label agents such as baclofen (7.2%) and topiramate (3.2%) were prescribed at rates exceeding disulfiram (1.2%)... We identified 2.639.758 patients with AUD. ALD incidence rose from 779 to 2,911 per 100,000 in females and 1,320 to 3,702 in males, while prevalence reached 7,484 in females and 9,288 in males by 2025. MAUD incidence among ALD patients was higher in females than males."

Clinical • Real-world • Real-world evidence • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • Hepatology • Substance Abuse

A Hiccup in the System â Corrected Manually (ACG 2026) - "Multiple pharmacologic therapies, including baclofen, metoclopramide, chlorpromazine, and gabapentin, were trialed but discontinued due to sedation and lack of symptomatic improvement. Accordingly, this case underscores the potential role of OMT for symptomatic relief of benign but troubling conditions such as hiccups. Figure: Doming of the Diaphragm"

Endocrine Disorders • Metabolic Disorders

Asymptomatic intrathecal baclofen pump catheter failure discovered during routine reservoir replacement: a case report. (PubMed, Reg Anesth Pain Med) - "Subjective clinical efficacy is an unreliable proxy for system patency. Aging hardware configurations require proactive radiographic monitoring and targeted surgical revision to minimize the risk of withdrawal."

Journal • Cerebral Palsy • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Orthopedics • Pain

Ultrasound-Guided Alcohol Neurolysis for Poststroke Upper Limb Spasticity to Facilitate Arteriovenous Fistula Creation in Hemodialysis: A Case Report. (PubMed, Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl) - "Oral agents, including baclofen and tizanidine, were avoided or discontinued because of safety concerns in the setting of ESRD with recurrent intradialytic hypotension. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of alcohol neurolysis facilitating AVF creation in a dialysis-dependent stroke patient with refractory spasticity. This case highlights alcohol neurolysis as a safe and effective intervention when systemic agents and botulinum toxin are unsuitable or inadequate, and underscores the importance of an individualized, multimodal, and multidisciplinary approach to spasticity management in complex patients."

Journal • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • Anesthesia • Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • Hypotension • Movement Disorders • Muscle Spasticity • Nephrology • Pain • Renal Disease

Low Transverse Abdominal Incision for Baclofen Pump Placement. (PubMed, World Neurosurg) - "Low transverse abdominal incisions may result in a less visible scar, with complication rates and therapeutic efficacy comparable to standard incisions."

Journal • Cerebral Palsy • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Movement Disorders

Baclofen-Induced Worsening of Parkinsonism in a Patient with CADASIL and Brainstem Stroke (MDS Congress 2026) - No abstract available

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

A Case Report: Successful Management of Mixed Tardive Syndrome With Combination Pharmacotherapy in a 19-Year-Old Female With Schizophrenia. (PubMed, Clin Case Rep) - "A 19-year-old female with schizophrenia developed severe mixed tardive syndrome (choreoathetoid dyskinesia with prominent tardive dystonia) after antipsychotic treatment, which remained debilitating despite deutetrabenazine, benzodiazepines, baclofen, and amantadine. Over a 39-day inpatient stay, switching the antipsychotic to clozapine and adding botulinum toxin injections plus the central muscle relaxant eperisone led to dramatic improvement, with the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) score falling from 32 to 8...This case illustrates that a multimodal strategy-combining a low-D2-affinity antipsychotic, a VMAT2 inhibitor, and targeted muscle relaxation-was associated with marked improvement in this patient with refractory mixed tardive syndrome. However, given the near-simultaneous implementation of multiple interventions, the relative contribution of each component cannot be definitively determined, and controlled studies are needed to establish the efficacy..."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Dystonia • Movement Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

BACLOFEN-ASSOCIATED CARDIORESPIRATORY ARREST: A DISPROPORTIONALITY ANALYSIS, 2016-2026 (CHEST 2026) - No abstract available

Critical care • Respiratory Diseases

FROZEN AND FAILING: A DRAMATIC PRESENTATION OF SEVERE BACLOFEN TOXICITY MIMICKING MENINGOENCEPHALITIS AND CARDIOVASCULAR COLLAPSE (CHEST 2026) - No abstract available

Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders

Practical guide to intrathecal drug delivery: short-term and long-term management and complications. (PubMed, Reg Anesth Pain Med) - "Intrathecal pharmacologic strategies for pain are examined, including opioids, local anesthetics, ziconotide, clonidine, and baclofen, with attention to indication-specific dosing, titration, and safety considerations.Clinical outcomes are framed beyond pain intensity alone, emphasizing functional improvement, quality of life, and reduction in systemic medication use as clinically meaningful endpoints. International and regional practice variations are also discussed to contextualize differences in drug availability, compounding practices, and reimbursement. By consolidating pragmatic guidance across the full lifecycle of intrathecal therapy, this guide aims to support consistent, safe, and effective use of IDD for complex pain management in contemporary practice."

Journal • Review • Anesthesia • Oncology • Pain

Unraveling the R-Enantiomer Preference in Mirror-Image Cyclodextrin: An Integrated Multiscale Computational Study. (PubMed, J Chem Inf Model) - "Herein, a multiscale computational framework integrating high-throughput molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations was developed to elucidate the chiral recognition mechanism of L-CD toward three clinically drugs, namely baclofen (Bacl), naproxen (Nap), and propranolol (Prop). Energy decomposition analysis further reveals that reduced steric hindrance and favorable electrostatic interactions contribute to the enhanced stability of R-enantiomer complexes. This multiscale framework provides atomic-level insights into dynamic chiral recognition by L-CD and establishes a robust theoretical foundation for the rational design of next-generation L-CD-based chiral separation materials."

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Predicting response to neuromodulators in refractory chronic cough: An interpretable machine learning approach. (PubMed, Ther Adv Respir Dis) - "BackgroundNeuromodulators (e.g., Gabapentin, Baclofen, and Flupentixol-melitracen) are widely prescribed for refractory chronic cough (RCC); however, heterogeneous treatment responses remain a significant challenge for optimal agent selection.ObjectivesThis study aimed to develop an interpretable machine learning (ML) model to predict individual patient responses to these therapies.DesignSingle-center retrospective observational study.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 730 patients with RCC treated with neuromodulators from 2016 to 2023. The free online clinical decision-support application was deployed.ConclusionWe developed and internally validated an interpretable ML model capable of predicting neuromodulator efficacy in RCC. The integration of SHAP clarifies feature attributions to support individualized, data-driven treatment selection."

Journal • Observational data • Retrospective data • Chronic Cough • Cough • Gastroenterology • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Provider assessment of caregiver reliability in preparation for intrathecal baclofen use in pediatric conditions. (PubMed, J Pediatr Rehabil Med) - "A standardized, multidisciplinary evaluation process, such as the one proposed here, could improve fairness and outcomes in ITB patient selection. Future research should identify objective, evidence-based indicators of caregiver reliability."

Journal • Cerebral Palsy • CNS Disorders • Pediatrics

Management of Intrathecal Baclofen Pump System Malfunction and the Value of the Radio-Opaque Catheter Dye Study: A Retrospective Data Analysis of 49 Pump System Investigations Over a Seven-Year Period. (PubMed, Neuromodulation) - "The RCDS showed a high false-negative rate and provided a low value in identifying ITB pump system malfunction. Instead, careful clinical assessment, early CAP procedure, and consideration of a pump ITB bolus with or without a comparison LP bolus are more valuable and effective."

Journal • Retrospective data • Movement Disorders

Alterations of Telomere-Associated Genes and Underlying Mechanisms in Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. (PubMed, Neuropharmacology) - "The study systematically identified Telomere-DEGs in neonatal HIE, characterized the disease's inflammatory immune microenvironment, and predicted potential targeted therapeutic agents. SOCS3 upregulation in HIE was confirmed both in vivo and in vitro. In vitro mechanistic studies suggest that SOCS3 aggravates telomere damage and oxidative stress through NF-κB activation, leading to neuronal injury, thus providing experimental evidence for HIE mechanism research and targeted therapy."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Inflammation • SOCS3 • TERF2

Sex-specific pharmacovigilance signals and time-to-onset patterns of drug-related myoclonus and epileptic seizures: a real-world pharmacovigilance analysis. (PubMed, Front Pharmacol) - "Bupropion had the highest report count (1,412; 265 myoclonus and 1,147 epileptic seizure reports), followed by tramadol (829). For myoclonus, gabapentin showed strong signals in males (ROR = 23.31, 95% CI: 20.95-25.95) and females (ROR = 18.06, 95% CI: 16.24-20.08), whereas tranexamic acid showed the strongest male signal (ROR = 128.41, 95% CI: 98.29-167.75)...CVARD identified 498 myoclonus-related and 940 seizure-related drugs and reproduced core signals, including clozapine, gabapentin, baclofen, pregabalin, sertraline, bupropion, quetiapine, and olanzapine. Integrating signal detection, sex-stratified analysis, TTO modeling, and cross-database validation identified core risk drugs and monitoring windows, supporting earlier recognition and individualized management of drug-related neurological adverse events."

Adverse events • Journal • Real-world evidence • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Metabolic Disorders • Mood Disorders • Movement Disorders • Oncology

Ultrafiltration for baclofen measurement in blood using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. (PubMed, Leg Med (Tokyo)) - "Using our method, baclofen concentrations of 442-493 ng/mL in blood samples and 62 mg/mL in urine were detected in cases of prolonged baclofen poisoning. No differences were observed between baclofen concentrations in whole blood and serum."

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Expressions of Pain and Spasticity in People With Stroke. (PubMed, J Neurosci Nurs) - "Poststroke pain is inextricably linked to spasticity, with the latter serving as a foundational trigger. The commingling nature of these symptoms and the identified temporal surges suggest that clinical management should prioritize early antispasticity interventions. Neuroscience nurses play a vital role in identifying these trajectories early to prevent chronic symptom escalation."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Movement Disorders • Pain

Comparative pharmacotherapeutic efficacy and dose-related safety profiles of intrathecal baclofen: a systematic review and meta-analysis in neurological spasticity. (PubMed, Front Pharmacol) - "These findings underscore the necessity for precision titration strategies based on patient-specific pathophysiology and highlight the importance of differentiating between pharmacodynamic side effects and mechanical complications to optimize the therapeutic index of ITB. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251112388, identifier CRD420251112388."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Cerebral Palsy • CNS Disorders • Depression • Movement Disorders • Orthopedics • Psychiatry • Vascular Neurology

Implanted intrathecal drug delivery systems: a narrative review for the perioperative, obstetric, and intensive care anesthesiologist. (PubMed, Reg Anesth Pain Med) - "This review provides a comprehensive overview of current best practices for the perioperative management of patients with IDDS, emphasizing evidence-based approaches to optimize clinical outcomes and ensure patient safety. Key topics covered include intrathecal medications, their performance under MRI, and precautions prior to attempting any neuraxial access in patients with IDDS."

Journal • Review • Anesthesia • Critical care • Obstetrics

One Health prescribing - development of enantioselective liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry methods to inform chiral switch of prescription pharmaceuticals. (PubMed, Anal Methods) - "Application of the methodology to wastewater samples revealed several analytes were in non-racemic composition including citalopram, fluoxetine, mirtazapine, desmethylmirtazapine, and ritalinic acid. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge this is the first study to report the enantiomeric composition of baclofen, amlodipine, hydroxyatenolol and ritalinic acid in wastewater. Further application of these newly developed methods can help develop more accurate environmental risk assessments of pharmaceutical enantiomers to inform the proposed chiral switch decision making process in healthcare."

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Transcriptomic and molecular evidence for baclofen-associated modulation of inhibitory synaptic and neuroinflammatory pathways in diabetic neuropathic pain. (PubMed, Front Pharmacol) - "Baclofen alleviates neuropathic hypersensitivity and is associated with partial, pathway-level modulation of DNP-related brain transcriptional changes, with Gabra1 restoration and GABAB receptor binding providing additional mechanistic support. These findings suggest that GABAB receptor modulation may contribute to restoring inhibitory balance and attenuating neuroinflammatory activation in DNP."

Journal • Diabetes • Diabetic Neuropathy • Immunology • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Neuralgia • Pain • Peripheral Neuropathic Pain

Serum Baclofen Concentrations in Four Dogs With Baclofen Toxicosis Treated With In-Series Carbon Hemoperfusion and Hemodialysis. (PubMed, J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)) - "In-series cHP/HD reduced serum baclofen concentrations in this small series of dogs, highlighting its potential role in the treatment of severe baclofen intoxication."

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