Diquas (diquafosol) / Merck (MSD), Santen - LARVOL DELTA

Comparative efficacy and safety of topical therapies for ocular involvement in Sjögren's syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. (PubMed, Front Immunol) - "For Ocular Surface Disease Index, cyclosporine A plus diquafosol sodium showed improvement compared with control (MD -2.40 [95% CI -3.21, -1.59]). However, sparse networks, local inconsistency, and incomplete safety reporting warrant cautious interpretation. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD420261379380."

Clinical • Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Dry Eye Disease • Immunology • Ophthalmology • Sjogren's Syndrome

Comparative Efficacy of Diquafosol, Rebamipide, and Carboxymethylcellulose in Patients with Pre-existing Dry Eye Disease Undergoing Cataract Surgery. (PubMed, Korean J Ophthalmol) - "Both diquafosol and rebamipide were more effective than CMC in stabilizing the ocular surface after cataract surgery in patients with pre-existing DED. Diquafosol is advantageous for rapid tear film stabilization, whereas rebamipide is associated with greater improvement in eyelid margin telangiectasia grade and meibomian gland secretory function, suggesting that perioperative eye drop selection should be individualized."

Journal • Cataract • Dry Eye Disease • Ophthalmology

Comparative Efficacy of Topical Eye-Drop Regimens for Dry Eye After Cataract Surgery: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. (PubMed, Ophthalmol Ther) - "No single topical regimen showed consistently favorable effects across all postoperative ocular-surface outcomes. Outcome-specific signals require confirmation because sparse direct evidence, risk of bias, and limited safety and longer-term data preclude definitive recommendations. Adequately powered head-to-head trials with standardized postoperative care are needed for future clinical guidance."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Cataract • Dry Eye Disease • Ophthalmology

A Phase 1/2 Study of TJO-083: A 5% Diquafosol Ophthalmic Formulation for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease. (PubMed, Korean J Ophthalmol) - No abstract available

Journal • P1/2 data • Dry Eye Disease • Ophthalmology

3% diquafosol sodium combined with 0.1% fluorometholone for postoperative dry eye in pterygium patients with preoperative tear deficiency: a pilot retrospective study. (PubMed, Front Med (Lausanne)) - "Its efficacy appeared superior to sodium hyaluronate combined with fluorometholone. These findings support further investigation in larger, longer-term randomized controlled trials."

Journal • Retrospective data • Dry Eye Disease • Ophthalmology • Transplantation

Efficacy of diquafosol 3% in preventing and treating dry eye associated with pediatric orthokeratology. (PubMed, J AAPOS) - "There were no serious adverse events Prophylactic and therapeutic use of diquafosol 3% improved tear film stability, tear secretion, and dry eye symptoms in children undergoing orthokeratology. Early initiation during the prefitting period may establish a more favorable ocular surface before lens wear."

Clinical • Journal • Dry Eye Disease • Ophthalmology • Pediatrics

The Neuro-Immune-Epithelial Axis in Dry Eye: From Pathogenic Crosstalk to Neuromodulatory Therapies. (PubMed, Exp Eye Res) - "Varenicline nasal spray and acoltremon engage reflex or sensory tear pathways where approved; motugivatrep illustrates region-specific TRPV1 translation in Japan; diquafosol and rebamipide are epithelial/mucin-supportive therapies with indirect axis relevance; and cenegermin remains primarily a neurotrophic keratitis therapy with restricted relevance to selected DED phenotypes. Neuropeptide-specific targets, availability-limited device stimulation, and direct nerve-regenerative claims for photobiomodulation remain preliminary. This framework may support mechanism-based stratification and rational adjunctive therapy without replacing established DED classifications."

Journal • Review • Dry Eye Disease • Immunology • Inflammation • Keratitis • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Pain • TRPV1

Comparative Efficacy and Safety of 0.05% Cyclosporine A and 3% Diquafosol Sodium in Dry Eye Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis. (PubMed, J Clin Med) - "However, these findings should be interpreted cautiously, given the methodological limitations and inconclusive TSA evidence for several outcomes. Future large-scale, standardized trials with extended follow-up are warranted to confirm these findings."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Dry Eye Disease • Inflammation • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology

Comparison of immediate therapeutic effects of 3% diquafosol and 2% rebamipide in dry eye disease: a prospective, randomized, paired-eye trial. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "Changes in MUC5AC were similar between groups (P = 0.254). Overall, DQS and REB showed comparable early clinical benefits 30 min after instillation in DED, including symptom relief, improved tear film stability, and increased tear MUC5AC."

Clinical • Journal • Dry Eye Disease • Ophthalmology • MUC1 • MUC5AC

Long-term Safety and Efficacy of Motugivatrep, a TRPV1 Antagonist, in Dry Eye Patients (ARVO 2026) - "Eligible participants received motugivatrep 0.3% four times daily, either as monotherapy or in combination with 3% diquafosol sodium, 2% rebamipide, or 0.1%/0.3% sodium hyaluronate for 52 weeks...Subjective symptoms (DEQS, eye dryness VAS, DEQ-5) and objective signs (TBUT, CFS) showed statistically significant improvement from baseline as early as weeks 1 or 2 regardless of treatment modality, and the effects were sustained throughout the treatment period (P < 0.05). Conclusions Motugivatrep 0.3% ophthalmic suspension demonstrated favorable safety and sustained efficacy in improving both signs and symptoms of DED over 52 weeks, with rapid onset of action, whether used alone or in combination with existing therapies."

Clinical • Dry Eye Disease • Ophthalmology • TRPV1

Method for Design and Development of Drug Eluting Bandage Contact Lenses: Predictive Modeling with ADMET Predictor®, GastroPlus® OCAT™ and DDDPlus™ (ARVO 2026) - "Salicylic acid, linaclotide, and diquafosol, & propylene glycol combine with DECL boundaries to deliver therapeutic content to ocular surface with no substantial systemic exposure. Conclusions By integrating in silico modeling with experimentally derived drug-lens dimensional data, this study aims to establish a framework for optimizing drug loading, release rates and candidate selection. Results support clinical potential of disease agnostic, sustained- release, bandage lenses amenable for extemporaneous preparation."

Predictive model • Dry Eye Disease • Ophthalmology

3% Diquafosol Ophthalmic Solution for Active Moderate-to-Severe Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=94 | Recruiting | Sponsor: The University of Hong Kong | Not yet recruiting ➔ Recruiting

Enrollment open • Conjunctivitis • Dry Eye Disease • Ocular Infections • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology

Comparison of Rebamipide Clear Solution and Diquafosol Eyedrops in Dry Eye Disease with Short Tear Break-up Time: A Retrospective, Comparative Observational Study. (PubMed, J Ocul Pharmacol Ther) - "In patients with short tBUT DED, both rebamipide clear solution and diquafosol eyedrops showed comparable improvement in the primary endpoint, NItBUT at 3 months, as well as in other ocular surface parameters. Under standard dosing regimens, however, diquafosol was associated with greater increases in Schirmer I test values and TMH than rebamipide clear solution."

Journal • Observational data • Retrospective data • Dry Eye Disease • Ophthalmology

Diquafosol ophthalmic solution on ocular surface parameters in visual display terminal-associated dry eye disease. (PubMed, Int J Ophthalmol) - "In patients with VDT-associated DED, 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution dramatically reduced symptoms and enhanced tear film stability by promoting ocular surface muco-aqueous secretion. Patients with better blinking habits (PBR<1) demonstrate greater LLT improvement than those with poorer habits."

Journal • Dry Eye Disease • Ophthalmology • MUC1 • MUC16 • MUC20 • MUC4 • MUC5AC

Efficacy of Topical Cyclosporine Versus Topical Diquafosol in Treating Dry Eye Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (PubMed, J Ocul Pharmacol Ther) - "This study revealed that CsA and DQS did not differ significantly in their efficacy in improving most objective clinical indices for DED over 1-3 months of treatment. However, DQS demonstrated greater improvement in subjective patient-reported outcomes. Future RCTs should explore the long-term efficacy of these treatments."

Journal • Retrospective data • Dry Eye Disease • Ophthalmology

Rebamipide Versus Diquafosol for Perioperative Dry Eye in Cataract Surgery (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=60 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Samsung Medical Center

Head-to-Head • New P4 trial • Cataract • Dry Eye Disease • Ophthalmology

Rebamipide Versus Diquafosol and Cyclosporine for Perioperative Dry Eye in Cataract Surgery (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=55 | Completed | Sponsor: Samsung Medical Center

New P4 trial • Cataract • Dry Eye Disease • Ophthalmology

Integrating secretagogues into clinical dry eye care: Insights from Asian clinical experience. (PubMed, Taiwan J Ophthalmol) - "In Asia, clinical management often follows a tear film-oriented approach that emphasizes restoring specific tear components, particularly through the use of secretagogues such as diquafosol and rebamipide...By highlighting regional practice patterns and accumulated clinical experience, this article offers perspectives on effectively integrating secretagogues into dry eye management. These insights may contribute to a broader understanding of individualized, mechanism-based treatment strategies beyond inflammation suppression."

Journal • Review • Cataract • Dry Eye Disease • Inflammation • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology

Restoring the mucin barrier: Advances in secretagogue therapies for ocular surface disorders. (PubMed, Taiwan J Ophthalmol) - "Clinically approved secretagogues such as diquafosol and rebamipide improve mucin expression and epithelial healing, while biologics, gene therapies, and nutraceutical compounds are actively being explored. Advancing these therapies may enable more targeted and durable restoration of ocular surface integrity across a range of mucin-deficient diseases. We searched for related research on PubMed using the terms "Mucin" and "Mucin secretagogues," along with keywords such as "dry eye," "goblet cell," and "ocular surface disorder." Articles related to mucin secretagogues published within the last 10 years were reviewed."

Journal • Review • Conjunctivitis • Dry Eye Disease • Gene Therapies • Graft versus Host Disease • Immunology • Ocular Infections • Ocular Inflammation • Oncology • Ophthalmology • Steven-Johnson Syndrome • EGFR • IL13 • TNFA

Preoperative Diquafosol vs. Intense Pulsed Light with Gland Expression for MGD: Effects on Refractive Accuracy and Tear Film Stability in Cataract Surgery. (PubMed, J Clin Med) - " IPL-MGX may improve refractive accuracy compared to DQS. TBUT appeared to be the most consistent predictor, and achieving ≥6 s was associated with higher likelihood of refractive success."

Journal • Cataract • Dry Eye Disease • Ophthalmology

Immediate Therapeutic Effects of Diquafosol and Rebamipide in Dry Eye Disease (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=30 | Completed | Sponsor: Korea University Anam Hospital

New P4 trial • Conjunctivitis • Dry Eye Disease • Ophthalmology • MUC1

Comparison of the efficacy of intense pulsed light, 0.05% cyclosporine A eye drops, and 3% diquafosol sodium eye drops in the treatment of moderate to severe dry eye: A prospective cohort study. (PubMed, Medicine (Baltimore)) - "IPL, 0.05% CsA, and 3% DQS eye drops are effective in treating moderate to severe dry eye. Notably, IPL shows significant advantages over CsA and DQS, owing to its noninvasive nature, effective clearance of meibomian gland obstruction, and marked improvement in tear film quality."

Clinical • Journal • Dry Eye Disease • Ophthalmology

Effect of 3% diquafosol sodium eye drops on the prediction of intraocular lens power in predisposition to dry eye patients scheduled for cataract surgery: a prospective, observational study. (PubMed, Front Med (Lausanne)) - "Use of 3% DQS induces changes in intraocular lens power by affecting steep keratometry values, with such change being more significant in predisposition to dry eyes and warranting attention. When planning cataract surgery, it is recommended to prioritize the Barrett Universal II formula for IOL power calculation."

Journal • Observational data • Astigmatism • Cataract • Dry Eye Disease • Ophthalmology

Evaluation of the Effects of Eye Drops for Dry Eyes on Neuronal Pain Receptors in a Primary Culture Model of Trigeminal Ganglion Cells. (PubMed, J Clin Med) - " Inhibition of cellular excitation by cyclosporine and diquafosol tetrasodium may underlie their clinical pain suppressive effects. The primary culture model described here may serve as a useful tool for future studies on corneal perception."

Journal • Dry Eye Disease • Inflammation • Neuralgia • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Pain • TRPV1

Impact of 0.05% cyclosporine A on visual quality in patients with Post-refractive surgery dry eye. (PubMed, Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol) - "What is known Post-refractive surgery dry eye syndrome (DES) can degrade visual quality due to increased higher-order aberrations (HOAs) and tear film instability. Cyclosporine A (CsA) 0.05% has recognized anti-inflammatory effects and is commonly used to manage various types of DES. What is new The addition of 0.05% CsA to conventional DES treatment significantly improves corneal HOAs and subjective visual quality in post-refractive surgery patients. This study provides quantitative evidence that CsA not only relieves post-refractive DES symptoms but also enhances visual performance through improved tear film stability and optical quality."

Journal • Dry Eye Disease • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology