Vistide (cidofovir) / Gilead - LARVOL DELTA

Clinical Challenges in Managing Ganciclovir-Resistant CMV Ileitis (ACG 2026) - "Case Description/ A 63-year-old male with type 1 diabetes mellitus and end-stage renal disease status post deceased donor renal transplantation (CMV D+/Râ) two months prior, on mycophenolate 720 mg twice daily and Belatacept 5mg/kg every 28 days presented to the emergency department with seven episodes of non-bloody diarrhea...Diarrhea improved after treatment with Maribavir and immunosuppression was resumed...UL54 encodes the catalytic subunit of viral DNA polymerase conferring resistance to ganciclovir as well as foscarnet and cidofovir...This case highlights the clinical course of a patient with CMV in a notably uncommon location, the terminal ileum. Figure: A. Endoscopic images of terminal ileum showing ulcers due to CMV Ileitis."

Clinical • Cytomegalovirus Infection • Diabetes • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Renal Disease • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Mastering Liver Injury: A Case of Suspected Macrophage Activation Syndrome-Related Liver Injury (ACG 2026) - "An elevated interleukin 2-receptor at 2622.7 pg/mL raised concern for MAS, prompting escalation to high-dose prednisolone and anakinra...A single dose of cidofovir was given due to concern for adenovirus hepatitis...D. Aggregates of lobular-based macrophages (CD163, 400x)"

Clinical • Cough • Fibrosis • Hepatology • Idiopathic Arthritis • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Liver Failure • Musculoskeletal Pain • Respiratory Diseases • CD163

Adenoviral Colitis in a Patient With GVHD: An Overlooked Complication of Immune Dysregulation (ACG 2026) - "He was treated with steroids and sirolimus prophylaxis initially and steroids and ruxolitinib upon repeat presentation. Although initial concern was highest for GVHD, suspicion should remain high for more rare infectious etiologies, especially in immunocompromised patients such as this one. Cidofovir and IVIG proved effective treatment for this case."

Clinical • Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Bone Marrow Transplantation • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Graft versus Host Disease • Hematological Malignancies • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Leukemia • Rotavirus Infections • Solid Organ Transplantation

A Study of Maribavir in Chinese Adults With Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infections (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=20 | Completed | Sponsor: Takeda | Recruiting ➔ Completed | Trial completion date: Dec 2026 ➔ Jul 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2026 ➔ Jul 2026

Trial completion • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Cytomegalovirus Infection • Infectious Disease • Transplantation

Catastrophic Autoinoculation of Orf Virus after Surgical Intervention: High-Volume, Low-Concentration Intralesional Cidofovir as a Life-Saving Salvage Therapy (EADV 2026) - No abstract available

Infectious Disease

Adenovirus infection after cellular therapy: diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. (PubMed, Curr Opin Infect Dis) - "HAdV remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality following HCT, particularly in patients with impaired T-cell immunity. Key challenges include optimal surveillance strategies, treatment thresholds, and management of high-risk patients. Advances in molecular diagnostics, standardized disease definitions, brincidofovir, and virus-specific T-cell therapies may facilitate higher quality clinical research and support more standardized, evidence-based approaches to HAdV management."

Journal • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Infectious Disease • Transplantation

High-efficiency inhibition of human adenovirus type 55 replication by CRISPR-Cas12a (ERS 2026) - "This study not only holds promise for providing safe and highly effective antiviral candidate targets for HAdV-55 therapy but also, through the construction of an interdisciplinary technical platform, is expected to enhance the translational potential of CRISPR antiviral technology for preclinical applications."

Respiratory Diseases

Adenovirus disrupts paediatric airway epithelium and impairs regeneration. (ERS 2026) - "We analysed bronchial epithelial cells (BEC) responses to HAdV-7 and evaluated cidofovir antiviral effects...Conclusion This HAdV-7 infection model in paediatric BEC ALI cultures reveals marked epithelial damage, impaired regeneration and sustained immune activation. It offers a relevant platform to investigate pathogenesis and evaluate potential antiviral treatments."

Infectious Disease • Pediatrics • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • TSLP

Risk Factors Associated with Dysplastic/Malignant Transformation in HPV-Related Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis: A Systematic Review (AAO-HNSF 2026) - "Increasing age appears to be the most reliable predictor of dysplasia or malignant transformation in RRP, with possible added risk from HPV-11. Future randomized studies using standardized criteria may help clarify the relative contributions of patient factors, disease characteristics, and treatment-related variables to pathologic progression and inform surveillance strategies."

Clinical • Review • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders

Pritelivir for treatment of resistant/refractory HSV in stem cell transplant patients: Real-world experience from a single centre tertiary hospital (TTS 2026) - "Salvage therapies including foscarnet and cidofovir, are limited by nephrotoxicity, cytopenias, and the need for intravenous administration...Pritelivir, a novel first-in-class helicase-primase inhibitor that blocks viral DNA synthesis, offers activity against aciclovir- and foscarnet-resistant HSV...Case 1: A 68-year-old female allogeneic HSCT recipient for pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukaemia developed refractory perianal HSV-2 ulcers despite high-dose valaciclovir, IV foscarnet, and topical imiquimod... In a phase 3 trial, pritelivir demonstrated superior healing of refractory/ resistant HSV lesions compared to standard therapies. Although optimal durations of pritelivir could not be completed in our cases due to transplant related morbidity, there was evidence of initial clinical improvement. Early consideration of pritelivir may help mitigate significant morbidity associated with refractory or resistant HSV ulceration."

Clinical • Real-world • Real-world evidence • Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia • B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia • Bone Marrow Transplantation • Graft versus Host Disease • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Herpes Simplex • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Leukemia • Myelodysplastic Syndrome • Septic Shock • Transplantation

Disseminated adenovirus and rejection in a kidney transplant recipient: Walking the fine line between infection and rejection (TTS 2026) - "Primary renal pathology was anti glomerular basement membrane disease diagnosed in 2022, managed with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide...Transplant induction regimen included tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), basiliximab and corticosteroids...One month post kidney transplantation macroscopic haematuria developed and persisted despite therapy of Enterobacter cloacae and Streptococcus mitis bacteriuria with ciprofloxacin followed by ertapenem...Cidofovir was then commenced at 2.5mg/kg weekly for two weeks then fortnightly with probenecid and intravenous (IV) fluid therapy...This was treated with pulse IV methylprednisolone and MMF recommenced at 250mg twice daily. Follow up biopsy showed features of antibody mediated rejection which was managed with an increase in MMF and candesartan for a detected angiotensin receptor 1 antibody... We present a case of disseminated adenovirus infection post kidney transplantation. This case..."

Clinical • Antibody-mediated Rejection • Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia • Cardiovascular • Complement-mediated Rare Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Embolism • Respiratory Diseases • Solid Organ Transplantation • Transplantation

Differential pathogenesis and antiviral treatment outcomes of MPXV clade Ib and clade IIb in a BALB/c mouse model. (PubMed, Emerg Microbes Infect) - "Antiviral evaluation showed that tecovirimat and cidofovir were active against both clades, although a higher dose of cidofovir was required to achieve protection in the clade Ib infection model. Together, these findings establish a susceptible BALB/c mouse model for MPXV clade Ib and provide experimental evidence for clade-dependent differences in MPXV pathogenicity and antiviral treatment outcomes."

Journal • Preclinical • Infectious Disease

On the Verge of the 3000th Publication: Reflections on Deceptions, Successes and Perspectives. (PubMed, Molecules) - "A lifelong career devoted to the development of specific antiviral agents eventually yielded, besides (almost) 3000 publications, about ten antiviral compounds that were approved and marketed as antiviral drugs, i.e., DHPA (Duviragel®), BVDU (Zostex®, Mevir®, Brivir®…), VACV (Zelitrex®, Valtrex®), d4T (Stavudine®), emivirine (Coactinon®), rilpivirine (Edurant®), HPMPC (Vistide®), PMEA (Hepsera®), tenofovir (Viread®) and AMD-3100 (Mozobil®), with the latter as a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer. The targeted viruses for these compounds were herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV). For other viruses, such as filo-, rhabdo-, arena-, myxo-, polyoma- and papillomaviruses, strategies have been elaborated that should facilitate future developments of antiviral drugs."

Journal • Review • Cytomegalovirus Infection • Hepatitis B • Herpes Simplex • Herpes Zoster • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Oncology • Varicella Zoster

Updated Practice Patterns for Adjuvant Treatment of Recurrent Laryngeal Papillomatosis. (PubMed, Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg) - "Current practice patterns and attitudes reflect increased comfort with the initiation of adjuvant treatments earlier in the disease course. New medical treatments that promise a shift away from primarily surgical treatment are highly anticipated."

Journal • Dysphonia • Infectious Disease • Oncology • Otorhinolaryngology • Pediatrics

Host DNA repair factors empower a mechanism of antiviral nucleoside analog resistance. (PubMed, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A) - "We identify the host nucleotide excision repair component, xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA), and the repair enzyme, polymerase kappa, as each being necessary for mutant virus ganciclovir resistance and polymerase kappa as being required for the mutant's cidofovir resistance, demonstrating a role for host DNA repair machinery in a mechanism of antiviral resistance. We propose a model for this mechanism, which has relevance for other antiviral drugs and other nucleoside analog therapeutics, that highlights the participation of host DNA repair machinery during human cytomegalovirus DNA replication."

Journal • Cytomegalovirus Infection • Genetic Disorders • XPA

Now you see me, now you don't: A vanishing papillomatous CMV pseudotumor in an immunocompetent host. (PubMed, IDCases) - "The patient was treated with IV ganciclovir and later completed PO valganciclovir for three weeks...Treatment includes antivirals such as ganciclovir, foscarnet, and cidofovir. Previous studies have demonstrated that CMV-induced inflammatory tissue, which appears as tumor-like masses, has completely resolved with antiviral therapy. In our patient, bleeding stopped after initiation of therapy, and her follow-up colonoscopy to evaluate the resolution of her pseudotumor confirmed regression of the tumor."

Journal • Acute Kidney Injury • Cardiovascular • Colorectal Cancer • Cytomegalovirus Infection • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hematological Disorders • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Oncology • Renal Disease • Septic Shock • Thrombosis • Transplantation • Vasculitis

BK Virus Associated Hemorrhagic Cystitis in Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients: A Retrospective Analysis. (PubMed, Klin Padiatr) - "Treatment included immunosuppression reduction, intravesical and intravenous cidofovir, hyperbaric oxygen, and supportive care. BK polyomavirus associated hemorrhagic cystitis is a common and challenging complication in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients. Clarification of risk factors and optimization of supportive and antiviral treatments can potentially reduce the morbidity of this process."

Journal • Retrospective data • Bone Marrow Transplantation • Hematological Disorders • Pediatrics • Transplantation

Cidofovir inhibits lumpy skin disease virus replication by targeting viral DNA polymerase and modulating host apoptosis. (PubMed, Virology) - "In conclusion, the anti-LSDV activity of Cidofovir arises not only from its direct inhibition of viral DNA polymerase but also from the clearance of viral infection through dose-dependent bidirectional regulation of apoptotic pathways. These findings provide novel theoretical insights into its antiviral mechanism and clinical application."

Journal • Dermatology • Infectious Disease

HHV-7 encephalitis following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A case report and literature review. (PubMed, Cell Transplant) - "Foscarnet and cidofovir appeared effective, particularly with at least four weeks of treatment. Our study suggested that early recognition and prompt antiviral therapy are critical for improving prognosis. Further exploration is needed regarding risk factors and treatment strategies."

Journal • Review • Bone Marrow Transplantation • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Epstein-Barr Virus Infections • Transplantation

Tailored conditioning for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children with Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease: A tale of two pathways for IFN-γ and IL-12 defects. (PubMed, J Hum Immun) - "IL-12-deficient cases engrafted well with fludarabine/treosulfan-based conditioning, whereas IFN-γ-deficient cases fared better with fludarabine/treosulfan/thiotepa-based conditioning due to a higher rejection risk...Cytomegalovirus reactivation occurred in four cases, which responded to ganciclovir or cidofovir...HSCT is a curative option for children with MSMD. However, we need to understand gene mutation and individualize the approach to preparation and conditioning regimens to help optimize the outcome."

Journal • Acute Graft versus Host Disease • Bone Marrow Transplantation • CNS Disorders • Cytomegalovirus Infection • Endocrine Disorders • Epilepsy • Graft versus Host Disease • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Transplant Rejection • Transplantation • IFNG • IL12A

Adverse Effects of Treatments for Anogenital Warts in Non-immunocompromised Adults: A Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. (PubMed, Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)) - "This network meta-analysis highlights significant differences in tolerability across AGW treatments and offers a comparative framework for patient-centered therapeutic decision-making. It also emphasizes the need for standardized AE reporting in future trials."

Adverse events • Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Dermatology

The evolution of tecovirimat resistance in an immunocompromised individual with severe mpox infection. (PubMed, Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis) - "Susceptibility to cidofovir and brincidofovir was preserved, and initiation of cidofovir was associated with clinical improvement and cessation of new lesions. This case demonstrates rapid intra-host evolution of multi-lineage tecovirimat resistance in severe mpox, highlighting the need for resistance surveillance and alternative or combination antiviral strategies in immunocompromised patients."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • CD4

Refractory Mucocutaneous Infections by Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) in Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients: A Real-world, Multicenter Study. (PubMed, Open Forum Infect Dis) - "Of 125 patients, acyclovir resistance was confirmed in 85/104 patients (81.7%) tested...A total of 110 patients (88%) received second line therapy(ies), including foscarnet (94), intravenous cidofovir (6), and/or topical antivirals (21)...Among 69 patients with completed healing, 27 (39.1%) experienced HSV recurrence during follow up. Our study highlights the challenges of managing refractory HSV post-HCT during the study timeframe, and underscores the unmet need for safer, more effective, and orally bioavailable therapies for refractory HSV."

Clinical • Journal • Real-world evidence • Bone Marrow Transplantation • Herpes Simplex • Infectious Disease • Transplantation

Long-term predictors of recurrence in pediatric recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. (PubMed, Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol) - "Recurrence in pediatric RRP is multifactorial. Novel predictors-lesion growth rate, SES, and immunodeficiency-enhance risk stratification. Adjuvant therapies show associative benefit, and SQOL correlates with recurrence, highlighting the clinical importance of functional outcomes."

Journal • Oncology • Otorhinolaryngology • Pediatrics • Primary Immunodeficiency

A Comprehensive Overview of Physical and Adjuvant Therapies for Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis: Current Evidence and Future Directions. (PubMed, J Voice) - "The management of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) has evolved into a patient-centered, multimodal strategy that prioritizes airway patency, voice preservation, and quality of life. Treatment is personalized based on lesion characteristics, integrating physical therapeutic modalities with targeted adjuvant medical therapies. Future research focuses on therapeutic vaccines and biomarker discovery to advance toward a cure."

IO biomarker • Journal • Review • Oncology • PD-1