cyclosporin A microemulsion / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Microfluidic Production and Characterisation of Cyclosporine A-Loaded Lipid-Chitosan Hybrid Nanoparticles as Candidate Pulmonary Drug Delivery Systems. (PubMed, Pharmaceutics) - "No blank nanoparticles were used as controls in the EE and release assay. Overall, these findings support further investigation of microfluidic-produced lipid and hybrid nanoparticles as candidate platforms for pulmonary drug delivery."

Journal • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Cyclosporine A for Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (PubMed, Biomedicines) - "However, the certainty of evidence remains limited because of risk of bias, heterogeneous co-interventions, potential publication bias, and insufficient safety reporting. Further high-quality multicenter randomized controlled trials are needed."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review

Calcineurin Inhibitor-Based Triple Immunosuppressive Therapy Induces Profibrotic Changes in the Jejunal Mucosa of Male Rats: A Digital Image Analysis of Collagen Fibers. (PubMed, Biomedicines) - " Animals were treated for six months with regimens containing either cyclosporine A (CyA) or tacrolimus (TAC) in combination with rapamycin and prednisone. These findings suggest that long-term administration of CNI-based triple immunosuppressive therapy may be associated with changes consistent with fibrotic remodeling of the jejunal mucosa. The present study provides novel data on the effects of clinically relevant multidrug immunosuppressive protocols, whereas most previous experimental studies investigating the effects of immunosuppressive agents have focused on single-drug exposure in animal models or in vitro systems."

Journal • Preclinical • Fibrosis • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Solid Organ Transplantation • Transplantation

Aptamer-engineered signal-loaded MCOFs as a turn-on fluorescent platform for trace detection of immunosuppressants and prognostic biomarkers in serum. (PubMed, Talanta) - "The resulting platform completed the detection within 30 min and exhibited broad linear ranges of 0.5-1000 ng mL-1 for cyclosporine A (CsA) and 0.5-200 ng mL-1 for soluble interleukin-2 receptor alpha (sIL-2Rα), with corresponding limits of detection of 0.094 and 0.26 ng mL-1, respectively. This study demonstrates the simultaneous and specific detection of cyclosporine A (CsA) and the prognostic biomarker soluble interleukin-2 receptor α (sIL-2Rα), highlighting its potential for disease diagnosis and monitoring while expanding the application of COFs with tunable pore sizes in multiplexed biosensing."

Biomarker • Journal • Graft versus Host Disease • Immunology • Transplantation • IL2RA

Comparative Efficacy of Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus, and Neurostimulatory Nasal Sprays for Moderate-to-Severe Dry Eye Disease: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. (PubMed, Clin Ophthalmol) - "To compare the efficacy and tolerability of topical cyclosporine A (CsA) 0.05%, 0.09%, and 0.1%; tacrolimus 0.03%; and neurostimulatory nasal sprays (varenicline and simpinicline) in moderate-to-severe dry eye disease (DED), focusing on tear production, ocular surface integrity, and tear film stability...Varenicline offers a distinct neurostimulatory mechanism but requires further comparative validation. These findings support phenotype-guided therapy and future head-to-head trials."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Dry Eye Disease • Ophthalmology

Acute Liver Failure Secondary to Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in an Adult (ACG 2026) - "During admission, she was found to have fever, pancytopenia, hyperferritinemia, splenomegaly, and hypofibrinogenemia, prompting bone marrow biopsy and initiation of etoposide and dexamethasone per HLH protocol...She was started on N-acetylcysteine infusion, lactulose, rifaximin, and intravenous vitamin K. Anakinra was later added for HLH-directed therapy...Current treatment protocols rely on immunosuppressive regimens with steroids, cyclosporin A, and etoposide, but their efficacy in adults with HLH-associated ALF is uncertain, and hepatotoxicity further complicates management...Early recognition and prompt initiation of therapy are essential, though outcomes remain poor and highlight the need for further research. Figure: Abdominal MRI showing hepatosplenomegaly and mild peri-cholecystic fluid surrounding the normal-appearing gallbladder."

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Dyslipidemia • Hematological Disorders • Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis • Hepatology • Immunology • Liver Failure • Psoriasis • Rare Diseases

Long-term outcomes of eltrombopag plus cyclosporine A in eltrombopag-exposed patients with glucocorticoid-resistant or -dependent primary immune thrombocytopenia: a prospective, multicenter, single-arm, phase II study with extended follow-up. (PubMed, Front Immunol) - P4 | "AE-related treatment discontinuation was an important contributor to treatment failure, and the occurrence of two fatal infections highlights the need for careful patient selection and close infection monitoring. The re-challenge and baseline bleeding-score findings were exploratory and require validation in larger, controlled studies."

Journal • P2 data • Hematological Disorders • Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Thrombocytopenia • Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Combining pro-resolving therapy with cyclosporine A restores immune homeostasis and reduces toxicity in autoimmune bone marrow failure. (PubMed, Cell Rep Med) - "Co-treatment with RvE1, concurrently or after CsA, achieves complete survival, restores immune and hematopoietic homeostasis, and reduces toxicity in a ChemR23-dependent manner. These findings support a paradigm shift toward curative therapies that simultaneously engage endogenous repair programs and suppress pathogenic responses to enhance treatment safety and durability."

Journal • Aplastic Anemia • Hematological Disorders • Immunology • Inflammation

Progressing conformational analysis to drug-excipient interactions - a study of co-amorphous systems with macrocycles. (PubMed, Eur J Pharm Sci) - "The present study uses a new stochastic global geometry optimization algorithm (GOAT) coupled with semi-empirical quantum chemical calculations to study the conformational landscape of the model drugs rapamycin and cyclosporine A with a given co-former, revealing insights into patterns of intramolecular vs. intermolecular hydrogen bonding between drug and coformer. The solid-state characterization by X-ray powder diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry revealed a complete amorphization of both drugs in the mixtures. Such molecular insights from computational methods have the potential to guide future co-former selection for amorphous drug delivery systems."

Journal

Immune monitoring by Torque Teno virus load in addition to virus-specific T cells after pediatric kidney transplantation. (PubMed, Clin Kidney J) - "The immunosuppressive therapy consisted of basiliximab, cyclosporine A (CsA), everolimus (Eve), and prednisolone. TTV-DNA was associated with post-Tx follow-up time and with immunosuppressants after pediatric Tx. In comparison to ADV-Tvis minimum, the mean TTV-DNA showed a late peak at 3 mo post-Tx suggesting delayed response to drug dose changes."

Journal • Pediatrics • Transplantation • CD4

Self-assembly of paclitaxel and cyclosporine A to overcome tumor drug resistance. (PubMed, Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces) - "In the subcutaneous drug‑resistant breast cancer xenograft model, PTXNDs‑CsA exhibited superior tumor‑suppressive efficacy compared to PTX monomer and single‑component nanorods (PTXNDs), without inducing noticeable systemic toxicity or organ damage. By integrating Zn2+ coordination with drug‑resistance reversal mechanisms, this study successfully established an efficient, stable, and intelligently responsive co‑delivery nanoplatform, offering not only a novel strategy to overcome clinical PTX resistance but also a promising platform for developing synergistic therapeutic approaches against multidrug‑resistant tumors."

Journal • Breast Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Diagnosis and treatment of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with isolated central nervous system involvement: A case report. (PubMed, Ann Hematol) - "The patient received a conditioning regimen comprising thiotepa, etoposide, busulfan, cyclophosphamide, and antithymocyte globulin (TT/VP16/BU/CY/ATG)...Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis included cyclosporine A (CsA), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and methotrexate (MTX)...At the last follow-up on day 679, the patient remained alive without neurological relapse or systemic HLH. In conclusion, this patient achieved long-term CNS remission and correction of the underlying molecular defect following allogeneic HSCT with a TT/VP16/BU/CY/ATG conditioning regimen."

Journal • Bone Marrow Transplantation • Graft versus Host Disease • Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis • Immunology • Rare Diseases • Transplantation • CD34 • UNC13D

Evaluation of 18F-FPPA as a Positron Emission Tomography Radioligand for Imaging CSF1R in LPS-Induced Rat Model of Neuroinflammation. (PubMed, Mol Pharm) - "A decreased uptake also was observed in cold 19F-FPPA, BLZ945, and PLX3397 blocking groups (P 0.05). The in vivo imaging and immunohistochemical results confirmed the specific uptake of 18F-FPPA by targeting CSF1R on microglia in inflamed tissues. Overall, our findings demonstrated that 18F-FPPA had great potential as a promising tracer for the imaging of neuroinflammatory diseases, while its unique binding profile also provides insights into CSF1R-targeted ligand development."

Journal • Preclinical • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Inflammation • CSF1R

A high-throughput LC-MS/MS assay for therapeutic drug monitoring of combined immunosuppressive and antimicrobial therapy. (PubMed, J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci) - "The specific SRM transition of 13C₂,d₄-cyclosporine A was characterized for the first time, and a robust LC-MS/MS method was established for the simultaneous quantification of the six target drugs in human whole blood."

Journal

Nanomicelles self-assembled using cyclosporine A-hyaluronic acid conjugates for dry eye disease treatment. (PubMed, Biomater Sci) - "In a desiccating-stress mouse model of DED, topically administered HCN significantly improved corneal epithelial integrity, tear secretion and goblet cell survival while broadly attenuating inflammatory gene expression, macrophage activation and epithelial apoptosis, outperforming free cyclosporine A across all parameters. This conjugation-driven nanoplatform integrates tear film stabilization, targeted epithelial delivery and sustained local immunomodulation into a single, well-defined formulation, providing a promising translational strategy for interrupting the vicious inflammatory cycle that drives dry eye disease."

Journal • Dry Eye Disease • Immunology • Inflammation • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • CD44 • CXCL8 • IL1B • IL6 • MMP9 • TNFA

"Bendamustine monotherapy induces high response rates and STAT3 inhibition in high burden T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia". (PubMed, Haematologica) - "Current first-line therapy relies on immunosuppressive agents such as methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, and cyclosporine A; however, these treatments are associated with suboptimal response rates and often require prolonged administration. Ex vivo studies on patients' leukemic LGL demonstrated direct cytotoxic activity of bendamustine, associated with inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation and induction of apoptosis. These findings support bendamustine as an effective and well-tolerated single-agent therapeutic option in high burden T-LGLL and support its further evaluation in prospective clinical studies."

Journal • Monotherapy • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Neutropenia • Oncology • T-Cell Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia

Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Assess Transporter-Mediated Drug-Drug Interactions in Support of Labeling Recommendations for Zavegepant Nasal Spray. (PubMed, Clin Pharmacol Ther) - "In clinical drug-drug interaction (DDI) studies, oral zavegepant exposure increased in the presence of multiple-dose (MD) rifampin or itraconazole; however, no interaction was observed between intranasal (IN) zavegepant and itraconazole...Predicted IN zavegepant exposure change with SD cyclosporine A was 1.58-fold (AUCR) when assuming 90:10 proportion for OATP1B3:NTCP contribution to hepatic uptake. CYP3A inducers, carbamazepine and efavirenz, were predicted to have minimal effect on IN zavegepant PK. Overall, PBPK modeling and observed PK data support that CYP3A/P-gp inhibitors and inducers do not produce clinically relevant modulation in IN zavegepant plasma exposure; however, OATP1B3/NTCP inhibitors can significantly increase IN zavegepant exposure, and coadministration should be avoided."

Journal • PK/PD data • CNS Disorders • Migraine • Pain • CYP3A4

Identification and Validation of Candidate Biomarkers Co-expressed with Creatine Metabolism-Related Genes in Ischemic Stroke Based on Transcriptomics Data. (PubMed, Mol Neurobiol) - "Further screening highlighted cyclosporin A and trichostatin A as drugs that could simultaneously target both candidate biomarkers. This study identified F12 and PLXDC2 as candidate biomarkers co-expressed with CMRGs, offering preliminary insights that warrant further investigation in larger cohorts."

Biomarker • Journal • Cardiovascular • Ischemic stroke

Alpha-synuclein and mitochondrial permeability transition pore interactions in rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease models: neuroprotective promise of cyclosporine A. (PubMed, Biochem Biophys Rep) - "Together, the results suggest the pivotal role of α-synuclein in causing mitochondrial dysfunction and neural cell death presumably through mPTP activation. Further, cyclosporine A may have a potential neuroprotective effect in PD."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Modulation of Nrf2/TNF-α and TLR4/TGF-β1 Signaling Pathways by Nigella Sativa Oil and Echinacea Purpurea Extract Attenuates Cyclosporine A-Induced Nephrotoxicity and Immunotoxicity. (PubMed, Cell Biochem Biophys) - "NSO and EPE confer protection against CSA toxicity through a multi-mechanistic approach: potentiation of the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway and concomitant suppression of TLR4-mediated inflammatory and TGF-β1-driven fibrotic signaling. Their combination offers a superior therapeutic strategy to harness CSA's immunosuppressive benefits while alleviating its detrimental renal and immunological side effects."

IO biomarker • Journal • Fibrosis • Hematological Disorders • Oncology • Renal Disease • IFNG • IL17A • IL2 • IL6 • KIM1 • LCN2 • TGFB1 • TLR4 • TNFA

Efficacy and safety of different TPO-RAs combined with cyclosporine in the treatment of NSAA. (PubMed, Ther Adv Hematol) - "Currently, three small-molecule TPO-RAs (eltrombopag, hetrombopag, and avatrombopag) are available for clinical use and work well...A retrospective analysis was performed to assess the efficacy and side effects of cyclosporine A (CsA) combined with different TPO - RAs in 67 NSAA patients...Similar to SAA, NSAA patients should also be initiated with an adequate dose of TPO-RAs therapy. Elderly patients and those with concurrent infections are at higher risk of mortality, prolonged hospitalizations, and require more clinical attention."

Journal • Aplastic Anemia • Hematological Disorders • Hepatology • Infectious Disease • Liver Failure

Quercetin Facilitates Vesicle Release and Inhibits Endocytosis at a Central Synapse. (PubMed, Phenomics) - "Similarly, blocking calcineurin with calcineurin autoinhibitory peptide or cyclosporine A did not induce further inhibition of endocytosis, suggesting the involvement of calcineurin downstream of calmodulin...This effect was attributed to both an increase in vesicle release probability and a slowing down of endocytosis. Therefore, for the first time, we report that quercetin increases vesicle release and inhibits endocytosis via the calmodulin/calcineurin signaling pathway, providing new insights into its neuroprotective effects."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Depression • Psychiatry • MYLK

Mechanistic Analysis and Therapeutic Efficacy of Prednisolone for Calcineurin Inhibitor-Induced Nephrotoxicity (TTS 2026) - "Purpose: Cyclosporine A (CsA) nephropathy remains a major cause of chronic allograft dysfunction, critically limiting long-term graft survival... We identify the IL-6 amplifier as a key driver of CsA nephrotoxicity, first observed in human transplant recipients and validated in a mouse model. PSL exerts potent renoprotection by inhibiting this synergistic inflammatory circuit. However, rapid recurrence upon withdrawal underscores the necessity of sustained modulation."

Clinical • Fibrosis • Immunology • Nephrology • IL1B • IL6 • STAT3 • TGFB1

Engineering tacrolimus-resistant A2-CAR Tregs for use in solid organ transplantation (TTS 2026) - "KO A2-CAR Tregs retained susceptibility to cyclosporine A. TAC is deleterious to A2-CAR Tregs, leading to low proliferation, activation and FOXP3 expression, in vitro and in vivo. TAC is deleterious to A2-CAR Tregs, leading to low proliferation, activation and FOXP3 expression, in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, FKBP12 KO CAR Tregs engraft efficiently and retain high levels of functional markers in the presence of clinically relevant doses of TAC. These data demonstrate that functional resilience to TAC can be achieved in A2-CAR Tregs through CRISPR-Cas9 FKBP12 KO."

CAR T-Cell Therapy • IO biomarker • Solid Organ Transplantation • Transplantation • CD69 • CTLA4 • FOXP3 • IL2RA • ITGAE • MYC

BAP-Tac (BuccomucoAdhesive Patch-based Tacrolimus) Delivery System: The Next-Generation of Tacrolimus Administration (TTS 2026) - "Since intravenous tacrolimus is not available in India, the clinician must switch to injectable cyclosporine-A in patients with the above clinical profile in the absence of an alternative. Compared to oral treatment, the Bap-Tac provides greater and extended drug bioavailability, with the potential to reduce the oral dose by half. These results suggest that Bap-Tac is a feasible alternative to intravenous tacrolimus administration that could help therapeutic orphans with a functioning allograft, improving patient outcomes. Schematic Presentation of BuccomucoAdhesive Patch of TacrolimusIn-vivo Pharmacokinetics of BAP-Tac compared to Oral Tacrolimus in New Zealand White Rabbits"

Candidiasis • Gastrointestinal Disorder