dorsomorphin (Compound C) / EMD Serono - LARVOL DELTA

Photobiomodulation attenuates corticosterone-induced neuronal injury via activation of the AMPK/ULK1 signaling pathway. (PubMed, J Photochem Photobiol B) - "Collectively, the results demonstrate that 808 nm PBM protects neurons against CORT-induced injury through mechanisms involving restoration of mitochondrial homeostasis and activation of AMPK-ULK1 signaling, accompanied by evidence of improved autophagy-related function. The present study advances our understanding of the neuroprotective mechanisms of PBM and provides experimental support for its further investigation as a non-pharmacological intervention for stress-related neuronal injury and associated neuropsychiatric disorders."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Inflammation • Mental Retardation • Metabolic Disorders • Psychiatry

Eleutheroside B alleviates LPS-induced lung injury in chicks by regulating autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. (PubMed, Poult Sci) - "Moreover, EB had no obvious hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. In conclusion, EB alleviates LPS-induced chick lung injury by regulating the AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy and inflammation, with good biosafety, offering a new candidate agent for poultry pneumonia prevention and treatment."

Journal • Acute Lung Injury • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases • BECN1 • IL1B • TNFA

Ferulic acid liposomes improve diabetic EPC angiogenesis by upregulating the AMPK/KLF4/FAM3A pathway. (PubMed, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim) - "This study demonstrates that Lp-iRGD@FA efficiently delivers ferulic acid to restore FAM3A expression by activating the AMPK/KLF4/FAM3A signaling axis, subsequently upregulating VEGFA/VEGFR2 levels and improving the function of EPCs under high glucose stress. These findings provide a novel nanomedicine strategy and potential molecular targets for the treatment of diabetic vascular complications."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • KDR • KLF4

MRPL35 Suppresses Autophagy-Mediated Ferroptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma via the AMPK/mTOR Axis. (PubMed, Curr Cancer Drug Targets) - "Overall, a novel regulatory mode of autophagy-reliant ferroptosis was established by the MRPL35/AMPK/mTOR axis in HCC."

Journal • Hepatocellular Cancer • Liver Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • AMPK

Betaine attenuates methamphetamine-induced reinstatement through CAMKK2-AMPK signaling in the nucleus Accumbens Core. (PubMed, Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry) - "Methamphetamine (MA) use disorder represents a major global public health concern, yet effective pharmacological treatments remain unavailable. Furthermore, intra-NAc core administration of the AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin or the CAMKK2 inhibitor STO-609 abolished the anti-reinstatement effect of betaine, indicating the involvement of CAMKK2-AMPK signaling. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that betaine suppresses MA relapse-like behavior possibly via CAMKK2-dependent AMPK activation in the NAc core and support its further evaluation as a potential pharmacotherapy for MA use disorder."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Depression • Psychiatry • CAMKK2

Role of AMPK Signaling in the Neuroprotective Effects of Trehalose in Mice With a Pharmacological Model of Alzheimer's Disease. (PubMed, Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)) - "Marked changes in brain Aβ levels and cognitive performance were not associated with either p-AMPK or autophagy marker levels, suggesting that additional mechanisms contribute to the neuroprotective effects of TRE in AD. Markers of autophagy initiation and AMPK activity responded similarly to AD modeling and TRE treatment and were positively correlated in the hippocampus, suggesting a role for AMPK in the regulation of TRE-induced hippocampal autophagy."

Journal • Preclinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Inflammation

Gastrodin activates the AMPK signaling pathway by inhibiting PRMT1 to alleviate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. (PubMed, Brain Res) - "Gastrodin activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling in BMECs in a PRMT1-dependent manner, and the AMPK signaling inhibitor dorsomorphin weakened the protective effect of gastrodin. Our findings demonstrate that gastrodin activates AMPK signaling by inhibiting PRMT1 protein expression in BMECs, thereby improving ferroptosis and dysfunction in BMECs and alleviating CIRI."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Reperfusion Injury • PRMT1

Trained Immunity Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Promoting AMPK-Mediated Autophagy in Alveolar Macrophages. (PubMed, Biology (Basel)) - "This trained response restricted bleomycin-triggered mitochondrial DNA release and suppressed the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, thereby promoting macrophage survival. The protective effects were diminished by administration of the AMPK inhibitor Compound C. Our findings indicate that TI promotes mitophagy correlating with the AMPK-ULK1 signaling axis, thereby reducing alveolar macrophage apoptosis and uncovering a potential therapeutic strategy for pulmonary fibrosis."

Journal • Fibrosis • Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis • Immunology • Interstitial Lung Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • AMPK

Irisin Restrains Oligodendroglial Ferroptosis to Preserve White Matter After Traumatic Brain Injury via AMPK Activation. (PubMed, FASEB J) - "TBI suppresses endogenous irisin. Restoration with exogenous irisin protects OPCs against ferroptosis, thereby preserving WM integrity and ultimately improving functional recovery."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Solid Tumor • Vascular Neurology • GPX4

Dapagliflozin attenuates cellular senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic kidney disease: potential involvement of AMPK/Sirt3 signaling. (PubMed, Biochem Pharmacol) - "Dapagliflozin treatment attenuated renal cellular senescence and improved mitochondrial function in DKD. Our findings support the involvement of AMPK/Sirt3 signaling in these renoprotective effects, as evidenced by the attenuation of dapagliflozin-mediated protection following AMPK inhibition and knockdown of Sirt3."

Journal • Diabetes • Diabetic Nephropathy • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Renal Disease • SIRT3

Empagliflozin Alleviates Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Targeting AMPK/NLRP3 Signaling. (PubMed, Transplant Proc) - "EMPA can effectively improve RIRI by inhibiting inflammation, and its mechanism may be closely associated with inactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome through the promotion of AMPK activation via phosphorylation modification."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Inflammation • Reperfusion Injury • IL18 • IL1B • IL6 • NLRP3 • TNFA

Ginkgo Biloba Standardized Extract EGb 761 Reduces Light and Toxin-Induced Photoreceptor Cell Damage via Regulating Oxidative Stress and Autophagy. (PubMed, Curr Eye Res) - "EGb 761 exerts a protective effect on photoreceptor cell damage in retinal degeneration. This process was associated with a modification of the AMPK/ERK signaling pathway that regulates oxidative stress and autophagy."

IO biomarker • Journal • Ophthalmology • BAX • BCL2 • SOD2

Paeonol induces osteoblast differentiation of bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stromal cells and inhibits adipocyte differentiation. (PubMed, Tissue Cell) - "Our in vitro findings demonstrate that paeonol promotes osteoblast differentiation and inhibits adipocyte differentiation in hBM-MSCs. These effects are linked to the modulation of Wnt/BMP and AMPK signaling pathways, respectively."

Journal • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Orthopedics • Osteoporosis • Rheumatology • BMP2 • CEBPA • CTNNB1 • FASN • PPARG • RUNX2 • SMAD1

Ginkgolide B protects retinal pigment epithelial cells from H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis by activating the AMPK/Nrf2 pathway. (PubMed, Front Med (Lausanne)) - "Because these protective effects were attenuated by pharmacological inhibition of AMPK, the findings suggest that AMPK/Nrf2 signaling may contribute to the cytoprotective actions of GB. However, additional mechanistic studies are required to confirm the involvement of this pathway."

Journal • CAT • NFE2L2

Sinigrin, a bioactive compound from cruciferous vegetables, ameliorates MASLD by activating AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α to enhance fatty acid beta-oxidation. (PubMed, Food Funct) - "The functional importance of AMPK was assessed using the pharmacological AMPK inhibitor Compound C (CC) and shRNA-mediated AMPK knockdown, while the involvement of the SIRT1/PGC-1α axis was further evaluated using the SIRT1 inhibitor EX527...Furthermore, the essential role of AMPK was firmly established by the finding that its pharmacological blockade with CC largely abolished Sinigrin's beneficial effects. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that Sinigrin alleviates MASLD by enhancing fatty acid β-oxidation via the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α axis while concurrently inhibiting ferroptosis through enhancement of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense."

Journal • Hepatology • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease • SIRT1

The bile acid receptor TGR5 promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury by rescuing mitochondrial dysfunction and suppressing AIM2-mediated pyroptosis. (PubMed, Br J Pharmacol) - "INT-777 exerts anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in the injured spinal cord by activating the TGR5/cAMP/AMPK pathway, thereby maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and suppressing AIM2-mediated pyroptosis."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Melanoma • Metabolic Disorders • Oncology • Orthopedics • Solid Tumor • AIM2

A novel quinoline and manganese-based carbon monoxide-releasing molecule for intravesical therapy of bladder cancer. (PubMed, Br J Pharmacol) - "Our work shows that MnCORM could be potentially applied for bladder cancer therapy through intravesical instillation with less systemic toxicity."

Journal • Bladder Cancer • Genito-urinary Cancer • Metabolic Disorders • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Phosphoproteomic Insights into TRPV4-AMPK Signaling Axis in the Choroid Plexus Epithelium: Implications for Therapeutic Targeting in Hydrocephalus. (PubMed, bioRxiv) - "Moreover, a pharmacologically available anti-diabetic drug, metformin exhibited a similar trend like Compound C in reducing the barrier epithelial permeability after TRPV4 agonist treatment, highlighting that metformin promotes barrier tightness via an AMPK-dependent pathway coupled to TRPV4 signaling. Overall, these findings identify an AMPK-TRPV4 signaling axis that modulates epithelial permeability and may influence CSF regulation, highlighting a potential therapeutic target for hydrocephalus."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Oncology • Ventriculomegaly • CLDN7 • TJP1

Abelmoschus manihot Polysaccharides Target the AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1 Signalling Pathway to Inhibit Macrophage M1 Polarisation and Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation Improving Liver Fibrosis in Mice. (PubMed, J Cell Mol Med) - "The AMPK inhibitor Compound C attenuates these protective effects. AMP alleviates LF by activating the AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, modulating macrophage polarisation and ECM remodelling, demonstrating promising therapeutic potential."

Journal • Preclinical • Fibrosis • Hepatology • Immunology • Inflammation • Liver Cirrhosis • Liver Failure • CD80 • CD86 • IFNG • IL10 • IL1B • IL6 • MMP13 • MRC1 • TGFB1 • TIMP1 • TNFA

SRM-Mediated Spermidine Synthesis Links Lipid Overload With AMPK Pathway to Regulate Hepatic Insulin Signaling and Gluconeogenesis. (PubMed, FASEB J) - "Conversely, SPD supplementation increases the p-AKT/AKT ratio by 131% and lowers blood glucose levels by 20%, compared with the HFD group. Taken together, our findings establish the SRM-SPD axis as a critical link between nutritional stress and insulin resistance, and highlight SPD as a potential nutraceutical for combating insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in teleost fish."

Journal • XBP1

MPT0E028, a pan-HDAC inhibitor, ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by promoting AT2-to-AT1 differentiation through the ATM/AMPK/FoxO1 pathway. (PubMed, J Biomed Sci) - "MPT0E028 is the first pan-HDAC inhibitor shown to activate ATM acetylation-mediated AMPK/FoxO1 signaling to induce AT2-to-AT1 differentiation in a therapeutic model of BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Administration of MPT0E028 after BLM challenge effectively ameliorated pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing fibrogenic protein expression and promoting AT2-to-AT1 cell differentiation. These results suggest that MPT0E028 holds potential as a therapeutic agent for IPF treatment."

Journal • Ataxia • Fibrosis • Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis • Immunology • Movement Disorders • Primary Immunodeficiency • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • CTGF • FOXO1 • KRT8 • SFTPC

Mitochondrial-derived vesicles drive budding-type fission of damaged lysosomes. (PubMed, Nat Cell Biol) - "Notably, AMPK activation by 991 or metformin promotes MFF-dependent lysosomal B-fission under normoxic conditions, whereas AMPK inhibition by dorsomorphin suppresses B-fission during hypoxia-reoxygenation. This stress-responsive ITM2C-MIRO2-MFF-DRP1 axis co-opts the mitochondrial division machinery to drive lysosomal fission from damaged lysosomes, thereby enabling the undamaged components to reorganize into daughter lysosomes and promote lysosomal renewal. Thus, our findings uncover a fundamental mode of lysosomal renewal and reveal an unexpected role for MDV-mediated mitochondria-lysosome communication in mediating lysosomal quality control during ischaemia-reperfusion and related stresses."

Journal • Reperfusion Injury

Diosgenin promotes skin flap survival by attenuating oxidative stress and apoptosis via LKB1/AMPK-mediated autophagy. (PubMed, Int Immunopharmacol) - "The AMPK inhibitor Compound C was able to reverse the effects of diosgenin. The conclusion is that diosgenin promotes flap survival by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis through LKB1/AMPK mediated autophagy."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Inflammation • Reperfusion Injury • Transplantation • AMPK • STK11

Epigenetic Signatures of Frailty: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Network Analysis of the Chemical Exposome. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "Indeed, these genes are significantly enriched in pathways including thrombin signaling, G protein-coupled receptor signaling, and immune cell differentiation signaling. Finally, our system toxicology analysis demonstrated that arsenite, bisphenol A, benzamide, dorsomorphin, and trichostatin A directly interact with the four shared genes, suggesting that the chemical exposome contributes to the observed epigenetic heterogeneity of frailty and the concomitant clinical manifestations."

Clinical • Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Geriatric Disorders • CDC42BPB • RXRB • SLC1A5

Grx attenuates diabetes cataract by activating AMPK/BNIP3/BNIP3L-mediated mitophagy in lens epithelial cells. (PubMed, Int Immunopharmacol) - "In summary, our findings suggest that Grx alleviates DC in rats by activating AMPK to induce BNIP3/BNIP3L-mediated mitophagy. This study provides new experimental evidence and potential targets for the future treatment of DC."

Journal • Cataract • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Ophthalmology • BNIP3L • GLRX