Kineret (anakinra) / SOBI - LARVOL DELTA

Interleukin-1 Inhibition Accelerates Wound Healing and Improves Pain and Tissue Remodeling in Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa (ACS-CLINCON 2026) - "IL-1 receptor 1 knockout (IL1R1KO) mice and treatment with anakinra or the IL-1α-neutralizing antibody bermekimab were studied. IL-1 signaling promotes impaired wound healing, pain, inflammation, and aberrant matrix remodeling in RDEB. Genetic deletion and pharmacologic inhibition improved wound closure, pain tolerance, survival, and matrix remodeling, supporting IL-1-targeted therapies as a promising strategy for RDEB."

Fibrosis • Immunology • Inflammation • Pain • MMP2 • MMP3 • MMP9

Hyperinflammatory syndromes in primary mitochondrial disease: A three-center case series and focused review. (PubMed, Mol Genet Metab) - "PMtD may be associated with a predisposition to a spectrum of hyperinflammatory syndromes ranging from classic secondary HLH to noncanonical sterile cytokine-mediated inflammation that falls below formal HLH thresholds. These complications may reflect mitochondrial danger signaling, inflammasome activation, engagement of the IFN pathway, and defective immunometabolic regulation. Early recognition and targeted immunomodulatory therapy may be critical to improving outcomes."

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Inflammatory Arthritis • Metabolic Disorders • Rare Diseases • CXCL9 • IL10 • IL6 • PDHA1

Etiology-Stratified Outcomes in Adult Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Retrospective ICU Cohort Study Using MIMIC-IV (ACR Convergence 2026) - "Corticosteroids were administered to 64 patients (91.4%); most receiving more than one agent (dexamethasone 61.4%, prednisone 40.0%, hydrocortisone 38.6%, methylprednisolone 37.1%). HLH-directed chemotherapy was used in 21 patients (etoposide 30.0%, cyclophosphamide 17.1%, doxorubicin 10.0%). Targeted therapies included rituximab 20.0%, anakinra 5.7%, tocilizumab 4.3% (Table 1)... In this adult ICU HLH cohort, rheumatologic HLH had the most favorable prognosis at 35.7% mortality versus 66.7% in idiopathic disease, an effect exceeding any single treatment. Treatment was heterogeneous and driven by underlying etiology, with preferential anakinra use in rheumatologic patients. Treatment comparisons are confounded by etiology and disease severity."

Retrospective data • Hematological Malignancies • Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammatory Arthritis • Lymphoma • Rare Diseases

Title: The Subtle Sparkle of the Spine: A Case Series on Spinal Pseudogout (ACR Convergence 2026) - "Six patients were treated with anakinra, two with colchicine, and one with corticosteroids. Spinal CPPD disease is an important and likely underrecognized cause of inflammatory neck pain and lumbago in older adults. Because its presentation frequently mimics infectious, malignant, and rheumatologic disorders, diagnosis is often delayed. CT imaging of the spine, particularly the cervical spine, is critical for identifying characteristic calcifications and establishing the diagnosis."

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Inflammatory Arthritis • Lumbar Back Pain • Musculoskeletal Pain • Rheumatology

Five-Year Follow-Up of Anakinra Treatment in Familial Mediterranean Fever: A Retrospective Single-Center Study (ACR Convergence 2026) - "Background/Purpose: Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is an autoinflammatory disease mainly treated with colchicine...Indications for cessation were as follows: Inefficiency (9), remission (8), logistic issues (3), allergic reactions (3) cessation of the indication (2), and non-compliance (2).After cessation, 3 patients returned to Anakinra treatment, 9 patients were switched to Canakinumab, while 15 patients remained biologic-free... A considerable number of the patients do not require continuous anti-IL-1 treatment and remain biologic-free. Response to treatment, severity of the symptoms, and M694V homozygosity affect biologic free disease course. Anakinra appears to be an effective and safe treatment modality with low rates of fatal complications or severe adverse effects."

Retrospective data • Amyloidosis • Genetic Disorders • Herpes Zoster • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Nephrology • Pneumonia • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis • Varicella Zoster

Evaluating plasma ferritin and suPAR as treatable traits for critically ill patients with COVID-19 treated with anakinra: an exploratory analysis of the immune modulation domain of the REMAP-CAP randomised clinical trial. (PubMed, Crit Care) - P3 | "Plasma ferritin does not identify patients with COVID-19 who benefit from treatment with anakinra, whilst anakinra may be beneficial in patients with low, rather than high, baseline plasma suPAR. These hypothesis-generating findings contrast with the results of clinical trials in non-critically ill patients with COVID-19."

Biomarker • Clinical • Journal • Cardiovascular • Immune Modulation • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Best Practices for Medication Tapering and Discontinuation in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Systematic Review (ACR Convergence 2026) - "Tapering approaches included alternate day anakinra administration followed by withdrawal, canakinumab dose reduction, interval prolongation, and progressive extension of tocilizumab infusion intervals. Tapering and discontinuation of IL-1 and IL-6 inhibitors appear feasible in selected children with sJIA who achieve inactive disease or sustained remission, however, substantial heterogeneity exists regarding eligibility criteria, tapering approaches, and outcome definitions. Relapses remain common, particularly within the first 6 months following withdrawal. Further studies are needed to establish standardized remission-based tapering strategies Figure 1."

Review • Idiopathic Arthritis • Immunology • Rheumatology

Colchicine Resistance and Comorbidities in Biologic Selection for Familial Mediterranean Fever (ACR Convergence 2026) - "Fifty-nine used an IL-1 antagonist (anakinra/canakinumab); 49.1% (n=29) were M694V homozygous and 18.6% (n=11) compound heterozygous. In this large FMF cohort, biologic need concentrated in severe genotypes such as M694V homozygosity and in amyloidosis-risk patients. The principal clinical challenge was that roughly one third had accompanying arthritis, enthesitis, IBD, or dermatologic involvement, where treatment selection is constrained by non-FMF activity scales. Composite activity measures that simultaneously capture autoinflammatory attacks and coexisting chronic inflammatory disease are an unmet need in modern rheumatology practice."

Amyloidosis • Ankylosing Spondylitis • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Genetic Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Immunology • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies • Spondylarthritis

JAK Inhibitors Versus TNF Inhibitors and Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Biologic-Naive Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Propensity Score-Matched Real World Cohort Study (ACR Convergence 2026) - "Adults aged 18-90 with seropositive RA (ICD-10 M05; cohorts defined by ICD-10coding rather than ACR classification criteria) and prior methotrexate use were stratified into twomutually exclusive, biologic-naive cohorts: JAKi initiators (tofacitinib, baricitinib, or upadacitinib; n=1,464) and TNFi initiators (adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab, golimumab, or certolizumab; n=7,318). Both cohorts excluded prior exposure to any other biologic (IL-6 inhibitors, rituximab,abatacept, anakinra)... In this propensity score-matched real-world cohort of biologic-naive, MTX-experienced seropositiveRA patients, JAK inhibitor initiation was not associated with increased risk of incident T2DMcompared to TNF inhibitors over 3 years. Notably, JAKi was associated with significantly lower ratesof incident obesity, a finding that warrants further mechanistic investigation. These results provide important real-world reassurance regarding the diabetogenic risk of JAKi in RA and contextualize..."

Clinical • Real-world • Real-world evidence • Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • CNS Disorders • Congestive Heart Failure • Diabetes • Dyslipidemia • Genetic Disorders • Heart Failure • Hypertension • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Rheumatology • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus • IR

Comparative Effectiveness, Safety, and Drug Retention of Biologic Therapies in Still's Disease: A Nationwide Real-World Cohort Study (ACR Convergence 2026) - "Anakinra (ANA) was used more frequently in patients with MAS, whereas non-MAS disease activity was the predominant indication for the other biologics. Biologic treatment sequencing also differed among groups, with ANA and tocilizumab (TOCI) more commonly used as a first-line biologic, whereas tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) and canakinumab (CANA) were more frequently administered after prior biologic exposure (p< 0.001)... Biologic selection appeared to be influenced by disease phenotype, with ANA preferentially used in MAS and TNFi in chronic articular disease. TOCI showed superior long-term drug retention, while allergic reactions were more common with ANA. Despite differences in efficacy and treatment persistence, all biologic drugs demonstrated corticosteroid-sparing potential."

Clinical • HEOR • Real-world • Real-world evidence • Immunology

Clinical Features and Outcomes of Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies and Macrophage Activation Syndrome: A Case Series from a Quaternary Care Center (ACR Convergence 2026) - "Treatment included corticosteroid pulses for all ten patients, anakinra for six of the ten patients, cyclosporine for two patients, cyclophosphamide for one patient, and one did not require additional immune suppressant therapy beyond steroids. Patients with juvenile IIMs are at risk of MAS and diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion. Patients in our cohort with MAS had lower ferritins and relative thrombocytopenia with good response to therapies like anakinra and steroid pulses. MAS with juvenile IIM may present differently than sJIA-associated MAS and is likely underrecognized."

Clinical • Hematological Disorders • Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis • Idiopathic Arthritis • Myositis • Rare Diseases • Thrombocytopenia • IFIH1

Real-World Assessment of Anakinra Use in United States Inpatient Settings (ACR Convergence 2026) - "In this large US hospital database, IP anakinra use increased substantially during the COVID-19 pandemic and remained elevated afterward. Although respiratory indications surged during COVID, anakinra use before and after the pandemic was commonly associated with severe inflammatory conditions such as sepsis and HLH, and malignancy. Current anakinra indications (RA, NOMID, and DIRA) were not among the most common diagnoses for which anakinra treatment was administered."

Clinical • Real-world • Real-world evidence • Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome • Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammatory Arthritis • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Pneumonia • Rare Diseases • Respiratory Diseases • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Septic Shock

Phenotypic, Therapeutic, and Genetic Heterogeneity of the Patients Misclassified as MEFV-Negative Familial Mediterranean Fever: A Multistep Analysis (ACR Convergence 2026) - "Despite receiving similar colchicine-based treatment strategies, biologic treatment requirements differed among groups. Anakinra use was significantly more common in the MEFV-negative group (23.2% vs 16.4%, p=0.014), as was glucocorticoid use (7.1% vs 2%, p=0.034) (Table 2)... Patients lacking pathogenic MEFV variants are not simply genetically unresolved FMF cases; rather they represent a broader autoinflammatory spectrum enriched for atypical inflammatory manifestations and alternative inflammasome-related genetic variants with higher reliance on biological agents/steroids. Expanded genetic evaluation with NGS targeted panels should be considered for the identification of alternative mutations, definition of other autoinflammatory syndromes, more effective and directed therapies, and better clinical management. Table 1: Baseline demographics and clinical manifestations of patients according to MEFV mutation status Table 2: Treatment parameters according to MEFV..."

Clinical • Heterogeneity • Amyloidosis • Cardiovascular • Genetic Disorders • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Otorhinolaryngology • Urticaria • IFIH1 • NLRP1 • PLCG2 • TNFRSF11A • TNFRSF1A

Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Responses in Adults with PFAPA Syndrome (ACR Convergence 2026) - "Flares improved with intermittent doses of glucocorticoids in 28/29 (97%), anakinra (intermittent or continuous) or canakinumab in 12/22 (55%), colchicine in 3/18 (17%), cimetidine in 6/14 (43%), and apremilast in 5/6 (83%). Clinicians should consider PFAPA as a diagnosis for adults with periodic fever with pharyngitis after infections, malignancy, and monogenic periodic fever syndromes have been ruled out. Some flare features differ in adults and children. Many therapeutic options commonly used in children were also effective in adults, but tonsillectomy was less effective."

Clinical • Cardiovascular • Dental Disorders • Infectious Disease • Musculoskeletal Pain • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Otorhinolaryngology • Scleritis • Stomatitis • Uveitis

PD-1 Blockade Unleashes Pathogenic TH17 Differentiation That Mediates Inflammatory Arthritis (ACR Convergence 2026) - "Anakinra and tofacitinib prevented differentiation of pathogenic TH17 subsets (Fig. As in SpA, TH17 and exTH17 cells dominate the joint CD4+ T cell profile in irAE arthritis. Combined with the strong clinical link between OA and irAE arthritis, our findings suggest that PD-1 blockade triggers local OA joint TRM17 cells to expand and transform into pathogenic ex-TH17. This destructive transition drives irAE arthritis via an IL-1-dependent pathway, offering a clear mechanistic rationale for targeting IL-1 signaling to prevent or treat immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced arthritis."

IO biomarker • Ankylosing Spondylitis • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Osteoarthritis • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Rheumatology • Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies • Spondylarthritis • CCR6 • CD27 • CD4 • CD69 • IL1R1 • ITGAE

Subclinical inflammation in patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever with well-controlled disease (ACR Convergence 2026) - " Cross-sectional study including clinically well-controlled FMF patients (Autoinflammatory Disease Activity Index < 10) receiving colchicine, anakinra, or canakinumab and age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Clinically well-controlled FMF patients receiving colchicine or IL-1βi showed no differences in PBMC expression or circulating levels of key inflammasome-related cytokines. However,reduced plasma CCL5 levels and S100A12 expression were observed in FMF patients, possibly reflecting treatment effects, together with increased IM and NCM, suggesting persistent innate immune dysregulation despite clinical remission. Table 1: Characteristics of patients with FMF and healthy controls."

Clinical • Genetic Disorders • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • CCR2 • IL18 • IL1B • IL6 • S100A12 • TNFA

Accelerated Coronary Artery Aneurysm Remodeling Following Etanercept Rescue Therapy in Kawasaki Disease: A Four-Patients Case Series (ACR Convergence 2026) - "All had persistent or progressive coronary involvement despite standard therapy; three also received anakinra and one cyclosporine. These cases support the use of etanercept as an effective rescue and adjunctive therapy in KD patients with presenting CAAN, or refractory to conventional treatment, including those with atypical presentations. Etanercept was well tolerated in all four infants. Further prospective data are needed to define optimal dosing, timing, and sequencing in combination with other biologics."

Clinical • Cardiovascular • Heart Failure

An Unfamiliar Cause of a Familial Case: Hypoxanthine-Guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase Deficiency Causing Recurrent Gout and CKD (KIDNEY WEEK 2026) - "He had recurrent flares of polyarticular gout since the age of 20 despite urate lowering therapy, requiring colchicine and glucocorticoids...He received allopurinol (titrated to 450 mg/day) and anakinra...Urate-lowering therapy remains the cornerstone of treatment. Our case highlights the importance of genetic testing in evaluating early-onset gout and CKD."

Clinical • Chronic Kidney Disease • Gout • Inflammatory Arthritis • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Renal Calculi • Renal Disease • Rheumatology • HPRT1

Nonrenal Elevation of Cystatin C Mimicking AKI After Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplantation (KIDNEY WEEK 2026) - "She received methylprednisolone, ruxolitinib, tocilizumab, anakinra, and etanercept for refractory cytokine storm. Neither creatinine nor cystatin C-based eGFR was reliable in this critically ill patient; the combined CKD-EPI equation was also misleading due to disproportionate cystatin C elevation. Clinicians should integrate multiple GFR estimation methods, including measured CrCl, and recognize non-GFR determinants of both biomarkers when assessing kidney function in post-transplant critically ill patients."

Chronic Kidney Disease • Genetic Disorders • Graft versus Host Disease • Hematological Malignancies • Immunology • Leukemia • Nephrology • Obesity • Respiratory Diseases • Transplantation • CST3

Two Cases of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis-Associated AKI in Viral-Triggered Multiorgan Failure (KIDNEY WEEK 2026) - "She was treated with anakinra, corticosteroids, and rituximab with improved inflammatory markers, but developed dialysis-dependent AKI. AKI occurs in approximately 30–60% of adult HLH cases and is associated with increased mortality, especially when renal replacement therapy is required. Early recognition of HLH in patients with fever, cytopenias, liver injury, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperferritinemia, and AKI is essential, as timely immunomodulation and trigger-directed therapy may improve renal and overall outcomes."

Clinical • Cardiomyopathy • Cardiovascular • Dyslipidemia • Genetic Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis • Hepatology • Hypertriglyceridemia • Hypotension • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Liver Failure • Lymphoma • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity • Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma • Psoriasis • Rare Diseases • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Septic Shock • T Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Atypical Renal Lymphocytic Infiltrate: A Rare Kidney Biopsy Finding After Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cell Therapy for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (KIDNEY WEEK 2026) - "Case Description A 69-year-old woman with refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) underwent anti-CD19 CAR T (Liso Cel) with fludarabine/cytarabine conditioning. Her course was complicated by cytokine release syndrome, immune effector cell-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and neurotoxicity syndrome, managed with tocilizumab, anakinra, empalumab, and steroids...Additional stains are underway to detect CAR T expression in this biopsy sample. As CAR T therapy is increasingly implemented, clinicians should consider AIN and consider kidney biopsy if pre-renal causes are already addressed."

Biopsy • CAR T-Cell Therapy • IO biomarker • Acute Kidney Injury • Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia • Hematological Malignancies • Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis • Immunology • Leukemia • Nephrology • Rare Diseases • Renal Disease • CD20

Efficacy and Safety of Sequential Combined Immunomodulatory Systemic Therapies Used in the Management of Refractory Cytokine Release Syndrome in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19. (PubMed, Curr Drug Saf) - "There is clear rationale for using combined immunomodulatory systemic therapies in critically ill patients who develop refractory CRS. The results of the experience, supported by a review of the current literature, suggest the need for larger-scale studies on sequential and combined systemic immunomodulatory therapies to manage refractory CRS in critically ill patients with COVID-19."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases • IL6

Dual IL-17A/F and BTK Inhibition in Refractory Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Case Report (EADV 2026) - "Bimekizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting IL-17A/F, has demonstrated efficacy in moderate-to-severe HS, although complete responses are not universal...The disease was refractory to numerous systemic therapies, including adalimumab, tofacitinib, anakinra, and secukinumab...In addition, remibrutinib offers practical advantages, including oral administration and a favorable safety profile. Further studies are warranted to validate this combination approach and to better define patient populations most likely to benefit from dual-pathway inhibition."

Case report • Clinical • Acne Vulgaris • Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria • Dermatology • Hidradenitis Suppurativa • Immune Modulation • Immunology • Urticaria • IL17A • TNFA

JAKPPPOT: a feasibility trial assessing upadacitinib in palmoplantar pustulosis (EADV 2026) - "Individual patient-level historic placebo data from APRICOT, a closely matched UK multicentre RCT of the IL-1 antagonist anakinra in PPP, provided an exploratory comparator. PP-PASI: Palmoplantar Pustulosis Psoriasis Area and Severity Index Conclusion A definitive trial of JAKi therapy in PPP is feasible, and upadacitinib produced a substantial improvement in disease severity and quality of life relative to historic placebo, albeit in a non-randomised comparison. These findings support progression to a multicentre, active-comparator RCT and position JAK inhibition as a promising strategy to address the considerable unmet therapeutic need in PPP."

Late-breaking abstract • Acne Vulgaris • Cardiovascular • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Psoriasis • Respiratory Diseases • Retinal Disorders

Adult Henoch–Schönlein Purpura mimicking urticarial vasculitis: diagnostic challenges in a chronic relapsing case (EADV 2026) - "She received multiple systemic treatments with insufficient response or poor tolerance, including corticosteroids, azathioprine, dapsone, methotrexate, mycophenolate, cyclosporine, rituximab, intravenous immunoglobulins, omalizumab, and tofacitinib. In 2025, after a new biopsy consistent with IgA vasculitis, treatment with anakinra plus mycophenolate was started, achieving progressive cutaneous control and partial gastrointestinal improvement...Conclusion Adult HSP may follow a chronic and refractory course, representing a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, especially when variable histological patterns coexist. Long-term follow-up and clinical and histological reassessment are essential."

Clinical • Cardiovascular • Dermatology • Dyslipidemia • Endometriosis • Genetic Disorders • Gynecology • Hypertension • Immunology • Metabolic Disorders • Musculoskeletal Pain • Obesity • Urticaria • Vasculitis • Women's Health