nitroxoline / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Investigating the therapeutic potential of the antibacterial drug nitroxoline in combating cryptococcal infection. (PubMed, PLoS Negl Trop Dis) - "Given its potential therapeutic role, we evaluated the interaction between NTX and the clinically used antifungals amphotericin B, flucytosine and fluconazole. In the C. elegans model, NTX significantly reduced the fungal burden of the infected worms, achieving a 2-log10 reduction, and consistently enhanced their survival compared to untreated group. These findings highlight the potential role of the NTX scaffold in combating cryptococcal infection that warrants further investigation."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Evaluation of Novel Cloxyquin Analogs for K2P18.1 Channel Modulation. (PubMed, Arch Pharm (Weinheim)) - "Previous studies identified cloxyquin and nitroxoline as lead compounds that do not alter the function of other K2P channels...However, its usability in vitro is limited by hydrolysis leading to a compound half-life of 39 min in aqueous solutions. Nevertheless, the identification of a possible scaffold extension for K2P18.1 channel activators opens a new opportunity for future compound diversification."

Journal

Nitroxoline revisited: antibacterial mechanisms, spectrum, and therapeutic potential of an old drug in the era of antimicrobial resistance. (PubMed, Biochem Soc Trans) - "Several recent reviews have examined nitroxoline from chemical, clinical, and repurposing perspectives [1, 2, 3, 4]. The present work complements these by providing a mechanistic synthesis of nitroxoline's effects in bacteria, linking its multimodal mode of action to the knowledge gaps that should be addressed before clinical repurposing can proceed."

Journal • Review • Infectious Disease

Relationship Between Chemical Structures of Phytochemicals, Synthetic Phytochemical Analogs, and Antibiotics and Their In Vitro Growth-Inhibitory Effects Against Colorectal Cancer-Causing Bacteria. (PubMed, Molecules) - "Conventional antibiotics, particularly tetracycline and ciprofloxacin, exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity. Among non-antibiotic compounds, nitroxoline and carbadox showed moderate activity, whereas quaternary benzylisoquinoline-derived alkaloids and polyphenols were less effective...We obtained novel MIC data for several compounds, including ferron and oxyquinoline, against underexplored CRC-associated bacterial strains. These findings expand current knowledge of the antibacterial activity of structurally diverse compounds against CRC-associated bacteria and provide a basis for future studies on microbiota-targeted antimicrobial strategies."

Journal • Preclinical • Colorectal Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Neurosurgical Biopsy and Resection for Diagnosis and Treatment of Balamuthia mandrillaris Amebic Encephalitis, United States. (PubMed, Emerg Infect Dis) - "Additional analyses comparing neurosurgical outcomes with outcomes of those diagnosed via blood or cerebrospinal fluid and metagenomic next-generation sequencing might provide more definitive answers. This case and systematic review provide evidence that treatment with nitroxoline and neurosurgical resection could contribute to survival in Balamuthia encephalitis case-patients."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease

Unmasking Balamuthia mandrillaris Through PCR in a Case of Multifocal Brain Lesions. (PubMed, Case Rep Infect Dis) - "A multidrug regimen including miltefosine and investigational nitroxoline was initiated but was complicated by renal and hepatic toxicity. Despite transient radiologic improvement, the patient experienced progressive disease and ultimately died. This case underscores the diagnostic difficulty of Balamuthia encephalitis and highlights the essential role of molecular diagnostics in identifying rare pathogens when conventional testing is inconclusive."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Oncology

Contrasting In Vitro Activity of Nitroxoline Against Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from Outpatients. (PubMed, Antibiotics (Basel)) - " Nitroxoline demonstrated strong in vitro activity against ESBL-producing E. coli but limited activity against MDR K. pneumoniae. Interpretation of the findings for K. pneumoniae is constrained by the lack of established clinical breakpoints."

Journal • Preclinical • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia

Urosepsis by multidrug-resistant Nakaseomyces glabratus with non-functional Erg3 and Erg11-do collateral sensitivity and a unique mode of action make nitroxoline a viable UTI antifungal? (PubMed, mBio) - "Importantly, we show that this extreme resistance induces collateral sensitivity to nitroxoline, a urinary tract infection antibiotic with potent antifungal activity and a unique mechanism of action. These findings open promising therapeutic avenues to counter multidrug-resistant fungal infections of the urinary tract."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Nephrology

In vitro and in vivo activity of colistin-nitroxoline combination against polymyxin heteroresistant carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. (PubMed, BMC Microbiol) - "PHR is highly prevalent in CRKP and undermines colistin monotherapy. Colistin-nitroxoline combination exhibits potent synergy, suppresses resistance emergence, and shows promise for treating refractory CRKP infections."

Journal • Preclinical • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia

Nitroxoline attenuates sepsis-associated pancreatic injury through inhibiting NLRP3-inflammasome mediated pyroptosis. (PubMed, Toxicol Appl Pharmacol) - "The protective efficacy of NTX in the context of SPI was achieved via the regulation of pathological pyroptotic activation in both pancreatic acinar cells and macrophages, with the NLRP3-Caspase-1-GSDMD pyroptotic pathway serving as the key underlying molecular mechanism."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Septic Shock • IL18 • IL1B • IL6 • NLRP3 • TNFA

Disseminated Acanthamoeba Infection with Necrotic Skin Lesions and Granulomatous Vasculitis, United States. (PubMed, Emerg Infect Dis) - "An elderly man, on dupilumab therapy for asthma and sinus polyposis, sought care for necrotic skin lesions. We diagnosed an Acanthamoeba infection that was treated with multidrug therapy including nitroxoline. Clinicians should be aware of this rare etiology for infectious vasculitis."

Journal • Asthma • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Vasculitis

Synergistic Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of Nitroxoline in Combination with Hydroquinone Against Uropathogenic Enterococcus faecalis. (PubMed, Antibiotics (Basel)) - " Given that both NTX and HQ are active within the urinary environment, their combination may represent a pharmacologically relevant strategy targeting both bacterial growth and early biofilm establishment in enterococcal UTIs. These findings support further in vivo and pharmacokinetic investigations to evaluate the clinical applicability of this combination."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Nephrology

Nitroxoline exerts potent anti-Aspergillus fumigatus activity by disrupting copper homeostasis and inducing oxidative stress. (PubMed, Antimicrob Agents Chemother) - "These findings demonstrate that NTX exerts strong anti-A. fumigatus effects in vitro and in vivo by perturbing copper homeostasis and inducing oxidative stress, highlighting its unique antifungal potential and providing a conceptual basis for metal-targeted therapeutic strategies against IPA and drug-resistant fungal infections."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Pneumonia • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • CTRC

Nitroxoline-O-protected derivatives inhibit MetAP2 and activate ATF4 through mTORC1 to inhibit cancer cell growth. (PubMed, Bioorg Med Chem Lett) - "Mechanistically, we showed that the lead compound 3 and nitroxoline activate ATF4 mediated stress responses through non-canonical mTORC1. These results further implicate MetAP2 protein processing in mTORC1 nutrient sensing pathways and provide novel synthetic analogs of nitroxoline."

Journal • Oncology • ATF4 • METAP2

Nitroxoline Enhances Radiosensitivity in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Suppressing STAT3-AKT-MTOR Survival Signaling. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "Additionally, nitroxoline amplified radiation-induced DNA damage signaling, resulting in pronounced γ-H2AX and DNA-PKcs accumulation. Nitroxoline enhanced NSCLC cell radiosensitivity by suppressing STAT3-AKT-mTOR survival signaling, promoting apoptosis, and amplifying radiation-induced DNA damage, indicating the potential of repurposing nitroxoline as a radiosensitizer to improve radiotherapy outcomes in patients with NSCLC."

Journal • Lung Cancer • Non Small Cell Lung Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • CASP3 • TP53

Mapping Escherichia coli in Women with Simple Urinary Tract Infections: Phenotypic ESBL/AmpC Screening and Whole-Genome Insights from Oman. (PubMed, Antibiotics (Basel)) - "coli showed high susceptibility to nitrofurantoin (~97%), carbapenems, aminoglycosides, and piperacillin-tazobactam, but reduced susceptibility to cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, cotrimoxazole, and ampicillin. Nitrofurantoin, mecillinam, fosfomycin, temocillin, and nitroxoline would be effective carbapenem-sparing oral options. Continuous phenotypic and genomic surveillance are crucial to guide antimicrobial therapy and stewardship."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Pneumonia

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Nitroxoline as an Effective Antimicrobial Alternative to Poultry Production. (PubMed, Antibiotics (Basel)) - "These results indicate that NTX is a viable alternative to important human antibiotics widely deployed in poultry production, offering a potential approach to minimise antimicrobial resistance whilst maintaining animal health and food biosafety."

Journal • Preclinical

Nitroxoline as an antimicrobial synergist reverses colistin resistance in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli. (PubMed, iScience) - "Furthermore, in both the Galleria mellonella and mouse peritonitis infection models, NTX improved the therapeutic effect of colistin against E. coli infections. In conclusion, NTX is identified as a promising colistin adjuvant for the treatment of colistin-resistant bacterial infections."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Drug susceptibility of a clinical isolate of Balamuthia mandrillaris, a pathogenic free-living amoeba. (PubMed, Antimicrob Agents Chemother) - "The trophozoites of a new clinical isolate, the KM-20 strain, were exposed to 12 compounds, including pentamidine, the most widely used antiprotozoal drug, and nitroxoline, the recent radical cure for BAE...Compared with two laboratory-adapted V039 and PRA-291 strains, the KM-20 isolate had reduced drug susceptibility to all of the tested compounds, suggesting strain dependency of amoebicidal activity. This study provides drug susceptibility data against a novel and geographically diverse clinical isolate of B. mandrillaris to assist in prioritizing anti-Balamuthia agents for further drug development testing, followed by in vivo efficacy testing animal models before clinical trials and drug repurposing."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease

Nitroxoline and its combination with antifungals: An alternative for the treatment of fungal biofilm. (PubMed, J Mycol Med) - "and Trichosporon spp, being the most effective in reducing the metabolic activities of the biofilm cells. Hence, NTX and its combination showed a promising antifungal and antibiofilm potential, and its repositioning could represent an immediate and safe alternative in the routine of preventing and treating infections in patients using medical devices."

Journal • Infectious Disease • CD46

A comprehensive study of nitroxoline - Ct-DNA interaction using electrochemical, spectroscopic, viscometry and thermodynamics as analytical tools. (PubMed, Bioelectrochemistry) - "Quinoline structure and nitro group are medicinally important. Present study reports for the first time qualitative and quantitative data on an important member of the quinoline family which would be of interest to researchers engaged in drug development."

Circulating tumor DNA • Journal • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Oncology

In Vitro Activity of Nitroxoline (5-Nitro-8-Hydroxyquinoline) Against Aspergillus Species. (PubMed, Mycoses) - "These results correspond to excellent in vitro activity against Aspergillus spp."

Journal • Preclinical • Infectious Disease • Nephrology

Neuroprotective Effect of Nitroxoline Against Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia in Rats Through Attenuation of Bromodomain-Containing Protein 4 and Downstream Pathway (AHA 2025) - "This study demonstrates that NTX exerts neuroprotective effects against cerebral IRI, likely through BRD4 inhibition and downstream suppression of NFκB-driven inflammation and apoptosis."

IO biomarker • Preclinical • Cardiovascular • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Nephrology • Reperfusion Injury • BCL2 • BRD4 • CA3 • CASP3 • CAT • IL1B • IL6 • TNFA

Nitroxoline Shows Synergy with Colistin Potentiating its Bactericidal Efficacy in Opportunist Pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (PubMed, Curr Microbiol) - "Furthermore, the combination therapy completely suppressed bacterial motility, a critical virulence trait that facilitates immune evasion.These findings present a compelling therapeutic strategy to combat antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative pathogens, including both wild-type and drug-resistant clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. The study highlights the significant potential of the colistin-nitroxoline combination to mitigate colistin resistance and reduce the global burden of multidrug-resistant infections."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Nitroxoline mitigates hepatic steatosis by enhancing cholesterol efflux and promoting bile acid synthesis through LRH-1 signaling. (PubMed, Lipids Health Dis) - "This study identifies Nit as a promising pharmacological candidate for MAFLD by modulating cholesterol metabolism and bile acid synthesis through LRH-1-mediated activation. These findings not only advance the understanding of metabolic liver disease pathogenesis but also support the development of innovative and accessible therapeutic strategies by leveraging existing compounds to improve health outcomes."

Journal • Atherosclerosis • Cardiovascular • Dyslipidemia • Hepatology • Metabolic Disorders • Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease