nitroxoline / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Nitroxoline as an antimicrobial synergist reverses colistin resistance in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli. (PubMed, iScience) - "Furthermore, in both the Galleria mellonella and mouse peritonitis infection models, NTX improved the therapeutic effect of colistin against E. coli infections. In conclusion, NTX is identified as a promising colistin adjuvant for the treatment of colistin-resistant bacterial infections."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Drug susceptibility of a clinical isolate of Balamuthia mandrillaris, a pathogenic free-living amoeba. (PubMed, Antimicrob Agents Chemother) - "The trophozoites of a new clinical isolate, the KM-20 strain, were exposed to 12 compounds, including pentamidine, the most widely used antiprotozoal drug, and nitroxoline, the recent radical cure for BAE...Compared with two laboratory-adapted V039 and PRA-291 strains, the KM-20 isolate had reduced drug susceptibility to all of the tested compounds, suggesting strain dependency of amoebicidal activity. This study provides drug susceptibility data against a novel and geographically diverse clinical isolate of B. mandrillaris to assist in prioritizing anti-Balamuthia agents for further drug development testing, followed by in vivo efficacy testing animal models before clinical trials and drug repurposing."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease

Nitroxoline and its combination with antifungals: An alternative for the treatment of fungal biofilm. (PubMed, J Mycol Med) - "and Trichosporon spp, being the most effective in reducing the metabolic activities of the biofilm cells. Hence, NTX and its combination showed a promising antifungal and antibiofilm potential, and its repositioning could represent an immediate and safe alternative in the routine of preventing and treating infections in patients using medical devices."

Journal • Infectious Disease • CD46

A comprehensive study of nitroxoline - Ct-DNA interaction using electrochemical, spectroscopic, viscometry and thermodynamics as analytical tools. (PubMed, Bioelectrochemistry) - "Quinoline structure and nitro group are medicinally important. Present study reports for the first time qualitative and quantitative data on an important member of the quinoline family which would be of interest to researchers engaged in drug development."

Circulating tumor DNA • Journal • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Oncology

In Vitro Activity of Nitroxoline (5-Nitro-8-Hydroxyquinoline) Against Aspergillus Species. (PubMed, Mycoses) - "These results correspond to excellent in vitro activity against Aspergillus spp."

Journal • Preclinical • Infectious Disease • Nephrology

Neuroprotective Effect of Nitroxoline Against Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia in Rats Through Attenuation of Bromodomain-Containing Protein 4 and Downstream Pathway (AHA 2025) - "This study demonstrates that NTX exerts neuroprotective effects against cerebral IRI, likely through BRD4 inhibition and downstream suppression of NFκB-driven inflammation and apoptosis."

IO biomarker • Preclinical • Cardiovascular • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Nephrology • Reperfusion Injury • BCL2 • BRD4 • CA3 • CASP3 • CAT • IL1B • IL6 • TNFA

Nitroxoline Shows Synergy with Colistin Potentiating its Bactericidal Efficacy in Opportunist Pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (PubMed, Curr Microbiol) - "Furthermore, the combination therapy completely suppressed bacterial motility, a critical virulence trait that facilitates immune evasion.These findings present a compelling therapeutic strategy to combat antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative pathogens, including both wild-type and drug-resistant clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. The study highlights the significant potential of the colistin-nitroxoline combination to mitigate colistin resistance and reduce the global burden of multidrug-resistant infections."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Nitroxoline mitigates hepatic steatosis by enhancing cholesterol efflux and promoting bile acid synthesis through LRH-1 signaling. (PubMed, Lipids Health Dis) - "This study identifies Nit as a promising pharmacological candidate for MAFLD by modulating cholesterol metabolism and bile acid synthesis through LRH-1-mediated activation. These findings not only advance the understanding of metabolic liver disease pathogenesis but also support the development of innovative and accessible therapeutic strategies by leveraging existing compounds to improve health outcomes."

Journal • Atherosclerosis • Cardiovascular • Dyslipidemia • Hepatology • Metabolic Disorders • Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease

SAT08: E. coli & Co. in urinary tract infections: New data on an old topic (DGU 2025) - "Nitroxoline, a first-choice antibiotic according to the S3 guideline for "Urinary Tract Infections," reduces acute, frequent urocystitis in patients of all ages, both therapeutically and prophylactically. Learn more today about effective, low-side-effect long-term prophylaxis with nitroxoline in older and multimorbid patients."

Infectious Disease • Nephrology

E. coli & Co. meets Nitroxoline in the bladder: A multifactorial interaction (DGU 2025) - No abstract available

Nephrology

In vitro activity of nitroxoline among Acinetobacter baumannii and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical isolates (DGU 2025) - "All AB/SM urine isolates and non-urine challenge isolates (carbapenem-resistant (CR) AB and cotrimoxazole-resistant (CMR) SM) were selected. NTX revealed excellent in vitro activity in AB and SM urine isolates. Although MIC50/90 values increased in challenge isolates, NTX at 4 mg/L was able to inhibit 90% of AB isolates and 50% of SM isolates. Therefore, NTX represents a potential treatment option in AB- and SM-associated UTI."

Preclinical • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Repurposing Analysis of Nitroxoline (8-Hydroxy-5-nitroquinoline) as an Antichagasic Compound. (PubMed, Pharmaceuticals (Basel)) - "Despite decades of research, treatment continues to rely on two outdated drugs-benznidazole and nifurtimox-both of which exhibit limited efficacy and are associated with severe side effects. Given its established clinical use and favorable safety data, nitroxoline emerges as a strong candidate for further investigation as a repurposed treatment for Chagas disease. Future work should focus on in vivo efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and drug delivery strategies to enhance systemic bioavailability."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Oncology

Nitroxoline is a novel inhibitor of NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis. (PubMed, Cell Death Discov) - "Nitroxoline is a novel inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which reduces inflammasome assembly and IL-1β release. These data set the stage for testing the effects of nitroxoline on sterile inflammation in clinical studies."

Journal • Inflammation • IL1B • NFKBIA • NLRP3

Nitroxoline upregulates low-density lipoprotein receptors expression, enhances lipid metabolism, and reduces hepatic steatosis and atherosclerosis in Apoe-/- mice. (PubMed, Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis) - "These findings suggest that nitroxoline exerts dual actions by upregulating LDLR expression and improving hepatic lipid metabolism. Given its established clinical safety and oral bioavailability, nitroxoline may offer repurposing potential as a therapeutic agent for treating lipid-related metabolic disorders and preventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease."

Journal • Preclinical • Atherosclerosis • Cardiovascular • Dyslipidemia • Fibrosis • Hepatology • Immunology • Metabolic Disorders • AMPK • APOE • HNRNPD • LDLR • PNPLA3 • PPM1A • PPP2CA • SREBF2

Exploring different manganese coordination modes to nitroxoline for optimizing antimicrobial potency (ACS-Fall 2025) - "Comprehensive antimicrobial assays—including MIC and colony-forming unit (CFU) determination, checkerboard synergy testing, and ROS generation—are being employed to compare the bioactivities of the two complexes against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Preliminary findings suggest that both ligand stoichiometry and coordination geometry play critical roles in optimizing antimicrobial performance."

Prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infections by nitroxoline-real-world data of the ProNitrox study (PubMed, Urologie) - "The high number of comorbidities, older age, the high proportion of complicating factors such as urinary tract abnormalities and the use of antibiotics in the last acute episode, which are not intended for LP of rUTI, characterize the present patient group as difficult. Nevertheless, there is a favorable recurrence rate of 13%. The most frequently cited reasons for choosing nitroxoline for LP were good tolerability and effectiveness, the level of resistance and the therapist's positive experiences."

Journal • Real-world evidence • Infectious Disease • Nephrology

Biphasic bactericidal activity of nitroxoline against Acinetobacter baumannii assessed by Raman-DIP. (PubMed, J Microbiol Methods) - "These findings underscore the necessity to optimize dosing regimens for enhancing the efficacy of nitroxoline. Raman-DIP may serve as an effective tool for investigating the effect of nitroxoline on bacterial metabolism, thereby informing its clinical applications."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Nephrology

Biochemical characteristics of the 6-nitro regioisomer of nitroxoline and its 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline analogues. (PubMed, Acta Pharm) - "In addition, inhibition of endopeptidase and exopeptidase activities of cathepsin B was determined, together with the ability of new nitroxo-line analogues to reduce intracellular collagen IV degradation. Substantially different biological activities were observed for the 6-nitro regioisomer of nitroxoline, as well as for both of their partially saturated counterparts."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis • CTSB • METAP2

Rediscovering nitroxoline: a metal-chelating agent bridging infection and cancer. (PubMed, Drug Discov Today) - "Despite encouraging preclinical data, clinical translation is constrained by pharmacokinetic (PK) and regulatory challenges. As interest in repurposing established drugs grows, nitroxoline presents a compelling candidate for integration into modern therapeutic strategies across infectious and neoplastic disease domains."

Journal • Review • Infectious Disease • Oncology

Synthesis, characterization and theoretical studies of nitroxoline azo dye metal complexes and their role in mitigation of rheumatoid arthritis. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "The interactions of the target compounds with the Mus musculus ADA enzyme structure (PDB ID: 1a4m) were estimated by applying molecular docking studies. The inhibitory effect of the synthesized compounds on adenosine deaminase enzyme (ADA) activity was tested in-vitro, showing the Co(II) to be the most active."

Journal • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Rheumatology

Combination of Colistin and Nitroxoline May Potentially Rescue Colistin Heteroresistance (ASM Microbe 2025) - " The bactericidal effects of colistin (COL) and nitroxoline (NIT) when used alone and the combinations of colistin with meropenem (MEM), cefepime (FEP) and NIT respectively on a colistin HR-CRKP (CHR-CRKP) clinical isolate 12-130 were detected by time-kill assays. CHR-CRKP isolates are prone to HRS reproduction when exposed to COL alone. The combination of COL and NIT can effectively inhibit the regeneration of HRS and may reduce the occurrence of COL resistance."

Infectious Disease • Pneumonia

BALAMUTHIA MANDRILLARIS ENCEPHALITIS IN A 12-YEAR-OLD GIRL: REPORT OF THE FIRST CASE DIAGNOSED IN GREECE (ESPID 2025) - "She received the following empirical antimicrobial therapy: sulfadiazine, azithromycin, miltefosine, voriconazole and pentamidine...Nitroxoline was added to the regimen...Learning Points/Discussion Due to the rarity of this infection and the fact that it has no specific clinical and radiological findings, a prompt diagnosis is very challenging. It is of paramount importance that clinicians be increasingly aware of the parasite and include it in their differential diagnosis of encephalitis."

Clinical • Infectious Disease

Uncovering nitroxoline activity spectrum, mode of action and resistance across Gram-negative bacteria. (PubMed, Nat Commun) - "The compound displays additional effects on bacterial physiology, including alteration of outer membrane integrity, which underpins nitroxoline's synergies with large-scaffold antibiotics and resensitization of colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we identify conserved resistance mechanisms across bacterial species, often leading to nitroxoline efflux."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Nephrology

Nanodrug-Loaded Microneedles Promote Scar-Reduced Repair after Spinal Cord Injury by Re-establishing Microglial Homeostasis. (PubMed, Acta Biomater) - "This system enables transdural delivery and dual sustained release of Nitroxoline at the precise injury site, which promotes the scar-free repair after SCI. Our research has provided insights for the development of novel delivery systems that match the therapeutic characteristics of small molecule drugs for SCI."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Orthopedics • CTSB

The antibacterial efficacy of nitroxoline against multidrug resistant Escherichia coli associated with copper binding. (PubMed, Eur J Pharmacol) - "Finally, the action of NIT was predicted to bind to the CuB-metal redox centers of cytochrome bo(3) ubiquinol oxidase through molecular docking analyses. Collectively, these data illuminate the antibacterial activity of NIT as a potent copper-related metalloantibiotic against UPEC."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Nephrology