lorazepam / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Novel synthetic neurosteroid PPG offers distinctive mechanisms of anti-seizure protection in the pentylenetetrazol animal model of limbic epilepsy. (Neuroscience 2026) - "We used simultaneous two-photon calcium imaging and single-channel electrocorticography (ECoG) to compare a newly developed synthetic neurosteroid pregnanolone pyroglutamate (PPG) with lorazepam under physiological conditions and during pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures. Finally, a subsequent experiment showed that PPG prevented seizures even when PTZ was given at a supralethal dose of 150 mg/kg, whereas lorazepam only prevented death. PPG reduced cortical excitatory neuronal activity and maintained network effects during PTZ challenge, supporting further evaluation of synthetic neurosteroids as candidate therapies for pharmacoresistant epilepsy."

Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy

Iatrogenic Dextrose Hyperosmolar Extravasation Injury in Suspected Endogenous Hyperinsulinism. (PubMed, Cureus) - "On the day of admission, she experienced a witnessed generalized seizure on the floor that terminated following administration of intravenous lorazepam...Early changes may be subtle and difficult to distinguish from routine infusion site irritation. Patients with suspected endogenous hyperinsulinism often require a multiday dextrose bridge while localization and definitive treatment are arranged, which places them at particular risk. Early consideration of central venous access, structured infusion site surveillance, and prompt escalation when local changes are identified are important components of care in patients requiring prolonged high-concentration dextrose therapy."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Critical care • Dermatology • Dyslipidemia • Endocrine Disorders • Epilepsy • Hypoglycemia • Pain • Solid Tumor

Reversible Peripheral Neuropathy in a Young Adult With Severe Obesity, Severe Hepatic Steatosis, Chronic Alcohol Use, and Folate Deficiency Mimicking Demyelinating Disease (ACG 2026) - "Based on a CIWA score of 15, lorazepam was initiated according to protocol...Reference ranges are based on standard adult values. Flags indicate the following: ð´ Abnormal/clinically significant, ð¡ Borderline/mildly abnormal, ð¢ Normal."

Clinical • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • Gastroenterology • Genetic Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Hepatology • Liver Failure • Obesity • Pancreatitis

When the Cure Gets Lethal: Lactulose-Associated Pneumatosis Intestinalis (ACG 2026) - "He was treated with aggressive lactulose via nasogastric tube, multiple enemas, and rifaximin. Despite therapy, he developed two episodes of seizures due to hyperammonemia requiring intravenous lorazepam and levetiracetam...This case highlights a rare but serious complication of lactulose use and underscores the importance of clinician awareness when treating patients with decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis. Figure: CT abdomen and pelvis with contrast revealed pneumatosis involving cecum and ascending colon including small amount of portal venous air along with prominent dilation of small and large bowel with high grade small bowel obstruction"

CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Fibrosis • Gastroenterology • Hematological Disorders • Hepatic Encephalopathy • Hepatology • Immunology • Liver Cirrhosis • Nephrology • Portal Hypertension • Renal Disease

Kratom Use in Primary Care: A Nurse Practitioner Case Study and Clinical Considerations. (PubMed, Int J Addctn Nurs) - "Kratom withdrawal presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in primary care due to limited clinical awareness, lack of standardized assessment tools, and absence of treatment guidelines. This case underscores the importance of considering kratom in differential diagnoses of unexplained withdrawal symptoms, the effectiveness of opioid-based treatment approaches, and the critical need for interdisciplinary collaboration, enhanced clinical education, and evidence-based protocols to manage emerging substance use disorders."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Insomnia • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder

Response to Electroconvulsive Therapy in a Patient With SCN2A-Variant Catatonia Is Associated With Postictal Spreading Depolarization. (PubMed, J ECT) - "After a partial lorazepam taper, bitemporal ECT was initiated...This case represents the fourth-ever reported case of SCN2A-associated catatonia and the oldest onset of catatonia in this population. In addition, it provides support for the emerging evidence for CSD as a potential contributor to both ECT postictal suppression and clinical response."

Journal • Autism Spectrum Disorder • Genetic Disorders

Benzodiazepine-Sparing Alcohol Withdrawal Protocol Pilot in Postsurgical Head and Neck Cancer Patients. (PubMed, Clin Neuropharmacol) - "In patients with significant medical comorbidities, the utilization of a benzodiazepine-sparing protocol is protective against withdrawal. We have found benefit from proactive utilization of a benzodiazepine-sparing protocol versus a traditional CIWA-based reactive treatment model for alcohol withdrawal."

Journal • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • Head and Neck Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Periodic Catatonia in a Veteran With Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). (PubMed, Cureus) - "He presented to the hospital for catatonic symptoms, where the patient was treated with IV lorazepam...This report is the first to describe a case of periodic catatonia in a patient with PTSD and TBI. Further, the ideological complexity of periodic catatonia is elucidated in order to provide clinical insights into its management."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Post-traumatic Stress Disorder • Psychiatry • Vascular Neurology

Benzodiazepines use in primary care England: Prescribing patterns and adverse consequences. (PubMed, Br J Clin Pharmacol) - "Benzodiazepine prescribing in England continues to decline, reflecting successful deprescribing policies. However, increasing specialist use, persistent inequities, and drug-specific safety and cost concerns highlight the need for cautious prescribing, enhanced pharmacovigilance and equitable access."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Insomnia • Mood Disorders • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder

Lorazepam and the Risk of Serious Adverse Events (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=12308 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: London Health Sciences Centre Research Institute OR Lawson Research Institute of St. Joseph's | Completed ➔ Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Oct 2024 ➔ Dec 2027

Adverse events • Enrollment closed • Serious adverse event • Trial completion date • Chronic Kidney Disease • Nephrology • Renal Disease

Multimodal Analgesia Effect on Post Surgical Patient (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=60 | Completed | Sponsor: University of California, Davis | Active, not recruiting ➔ Completed

Trial completion • Genetic Disorders • Obesity

Pharmacist-Led Opioid and Benzodiazepine Stewardship to Optimize Discharge Prescribing and Improve CMS-506 eCQM Performance on a Post-Surgical Unit (PAINWeek 2026) - "As needed hydrocodone-acetaminophen and tramadol were the most common opioids removed at 28% and 24%, respectively. The most common benzodiazepines removed included lorazepam (5%) and alprazolam (4%)... In 2025, 4105 out of 19455 encounters met CMS numerator criteria. Out of 2102 numerator encounters with complete discharge prescription data available, 71.5% involved medications continued from home. Preliminary discharge-pattern review showed 1279 encounters (60.8%) with an immediate-release opioid plus benzodiazepine, 523 (24.9%) with two or more short-acting opioids, 190 (9%) with extended-release/immediate-release opioid combinations, and 77 (3.7%) with extended-release/immediate-release opioids plus benzodiazepines."

CNS Disorders • Substance Abuse

Amphetamine-Associated Reversible Biventricular Cardiomyopathy Complicated by Acute Respiratory Failure: A Case Report. (PubMed, Cureus) - "A 26-year-old man presented approximately 33 hours after intentionally ingesting 25 20-mg extended-release mixed amphetamine salt tablets with lorazepam...At two-month follow-up, echocardiography showed complete recovery of biventricular function, with an ejection fraction of 55-60%. This case highlights profound but reversible biventricular cardiomyopathy following massive extended-release amphetamine overdose."

Journal • Acute Lung Injury • Cardiomyopathy • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Congestive Heart Failure • Critical care • Depression • Heart Failure • Hypotension • Metabolic Disorders • Pain • Psychiatry • Pulmonary Embolism • Respiratory Diseases

Recurrent Catatonia During Longitudinal Evaluation of Possible Seronegative Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Case Report. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Catatonia became increasingly clinically actionable because symptoms repeatedly improved after lorazepam administration, prior malignant catatonia had responded to an extended course of electroconvulsive therapy, and lorazepam tapering was followed by recurrent psychiatric and catatonic deterioration with improvement after treatment was resumed...This case illustrates the value of longitudinal syndromic reassessment when etiologic certainty remains limited. Recognition and treatment of episodes clinically concerning for catatonia should not be delayed while autoimmune, seizure-related, medication-related, and primary psychiatric contributors continue to be evaluated."

Journal • Bipolar Disorder • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Immunology • Mental Retardation • Mood Disorders • Oncology • Ovarian Cancer • Psychiatry

Resurrecting Voice: Role of Lorazepam in Chronic Catatonia Reversal. (PubMed, Prim Care Companion CNS Disord) - No abstract available

Journal

Clozapine-Memantine Therapy in Catatonia: Clinical Insights From a Case Report and Literature Review. (PubMed, Clin Neuropharmacol) - "This case demonstrates that clozapine can serve as a viable alternative treatment for catatonia when standard interventions are unavailable or contraindicated. Memantine may offer additional therapeutic benefits; however, further research is required to establish its efficacy. The rarity of similar cases in the literature further highlights the uniqueness of the present clinical scenario."

Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia • Vascular Neurology

Electroconvulsive Therapy Refusal in Severe Psychosis: Navigating Capacity, Surrogate Decision-Making, and Ethical Duty. (PubMed, Cureus) - "She was partially compliant with psychotropic therapy, including haloperidol, lorazepam, and lurasidone, but demonstrated limited improvement. This case highlights the enduring clinical and ethical complexities surrounding the use of ECT. It underscores the importance of evaluating capacity, engaging families in shared decision-making, and balancing the principles of autonomy and beneficence in the treatment of severe psychiatric illness."

Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Depression • Dyslipidemia • General Anxiety Disorder • Hypertension • Mental Retardation • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

A 6-Year-Old With Becker Muscular Dystrophy and Catatonia. (PubMed, Pediatrics) - "He received many medication treatments for catatonia, including escalating doses of lorazepam and augmentation with memantine, zolpidem, quetiapine, and ultimately clozapine, without adequate symptom improvement and with side effects including significant weight gain. This case highlights the importance of the identification of catatonia to guide evidence-based treatment and the value of timely access to electroconvulsive therapy for pediatric patients. While the etiology of his catatonia remains undetermined, his diagnosis of BMD could play a role and further supports the importance of a comprehensive medical work-up."

Journal • Becker Muscular Dystrophy • CNS Disorders • Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy • Immunology • Muscular Dystrophy • Pediatrics • Psychiatry

Drug utilisation and adverse drug reaction monitoring in schizophrenic patients: A tertiary care hospital study in India. (PubMed, Bioinformation) - "Significant dose variations were noted in commonly used antipsychotics such as risperidone, olanzapine and aripiprazole, as well as benzodiazepines like clonazepam and lorazepam (p<0.001). Atypical antipsychotics predominated due to better tolerability and lower extrapyramidal side effects, highlighting evolving prescribing trends. Thus, structured evidence on drug utilization patterns and variability in dosing, help in optimizing rational prescribing practices in schizophrenia management."

Adverse drug reaction • Journal • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Clinical Recognition and Management of Catatonia: A Practical Guideline and Treatment Algorithm. (PubMed, Prim Care Companion CNS Disord) - "Benzodiazepines, particularly lorazepam, remain first-line therapy with response rates ranging from 66 to 100%...Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2026;28(5):26nr04231. Author affiliations are listed at the end of this article."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Risk Factors for Amisulpride-Associated Hyperprolactinemia: Gender-Specific Plasma Concentration Cutoffs Derived from ROC Analysis. (PubMed, Drug Des Devel Ther) - "Daily amisulpride dose was positively correlated with plasma drug concentration (p < 0.001); multivariable analysis identified sex, plasma amisulpride concentration, and concomitant idebenone or lorazepam use as independent risk factors for amisulpride-induced prolactin elevation (p < 0.05). Plasma amisulpride concentration cutoffs were higher in women (317.8 ng/mL) than in men (294.2 ng/mL), suggesting greater tolerance to higher plasma concentrations among women and confirming significant sex differences in susceptibility to amisulpride-induced prolactin elevation. Clinically, 28 ng/mL can be adopted as the screening cutoff value for elevated prolactin levels in patients treated with amisulpride, we advocate for sex-dependent plasma concentration management for personalized therapeutic drug monitoring to effectively prevent and control amisulpride-associated HPRL."

Journal • Retrospective data

Pediatric catatonia across diagnostic contexts: Presentation, treatment course, and factors associated with ECT use. (PubMed, Gen Hosp Psychiatry) - "Older age, male sex, higher lorazepam-equivalent dose, and greater catatonia symptom burden were associated with ECT use...Conclusion ECT use was associated with greater catatonia symptom burden and higher parakinetic scores, but overlap between these measures and retrospective treatment selection preclude dimension-specific or causal inference. The laboratory findings were limited to agitation and require prospective confirmation."

Journal • Autism Spectrum Disorder • CNS Disorders • Genetic Disorders • Immunology • Inflammation • Pediatrics • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia • Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

AI Models for Suicide Risk Prediction in Adult Patients Receiving Mental Health Care Using Real-World Data: Retrospective Population-Based Study. (PubMed, JMIR AI) - "The strongest predictors were corticosteroid use, psychiatric medications (olanzapine and lorazepam), female sex, and depression. We integrated multiple electronic health record data sources and applied AI to develop, model, and optimize ensemble algorithms for suicide prevention, maximizing effectiveness, efficiency, and generalizability. These AI-generated algorithms, based on readily available and well-structured data, may advance the identification of at-risk patients and function as early warning systems, thereby increasing opportunities for timely preventive interventions."

Journal • Real-world evidence • Retrospective data • Behavior Disorders • CNS Disorders • Depression • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

A Case of Schizophrenia with Diagnostic Challenges Between Non-convulsive Status Epilepticus and Malignant Catatonia: Therapeutic Implications based on the GABA-A Dysfunction Hypothesis. (PubMed, J UOEH) - "An electroencephalogram revealed generalized spike-and-wave activity consistent with NCSE, and levetiracetam was initiated...A transient positive response to lorazepam supported the diagnosis of malignant catatonia...Although antiepileptic therapy suppressed epileptiform activity, resolution of catatonia required m-ECT, suggesting that seizure control alone may be insufficient. Clinicians should recognize that catatonia and NCSE may coexist and overlap in GABA-A-related pathophysiology, and that early GABA-A-targeted interventions, including m-ECT, may be critical for recovery."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Recurrent Catatonia in the Setting of Urinary Tract Infection and Medical Comorbidity: A Case Report. (PubMed, Cureus) - "The patient's catatonia proved refractory to very high-dose lorazepam but improved with an intensive, multimodal regimen including intravenous (IV) benzodiazepines (diazepam, midazolam), enteral and subsequently oral lorazepam, zolpidem, memantine, and aggressive treatment of infection and electrolyte abnormalities. He ultimately regained baseline function and was discharged on a slow taper of benzodiazepines and zolpidem. This case illustrates the bidirectional relationship between infection, autonomic and immune dysregulation, and catatonia; highlights practical challenges when treatment with benzodiazepines and ECT is constrained by medical comorbidity; and supports considering adjunctive GABAergic and glutamatergic agents in carefully selected cases of refractory catatonia, under close specialist supervision."

Journal • Bipolar Disorder • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Mood Disorders • Nephrology • Pneumonia • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia