fluconazole oral / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Disruption of the ATP-dependent unfoldase ClpX reverses antifungal resistance in Cryptococcus neoformans. (PubMed, Nat Commun) - "Here, we investigate the underpinnings of antifungal resistance using quantitative proteomics to discover protein-level signatures of fluconazole (FLC) resistance in the opportunistic human fungal pathogen, Cryptococcus neoformans...Further, we identify and experimentally confirm mechanisms by which ClpX influences susceptibility to FLC, through association with both heme biosynthesis and ergosterol production. Overall, our results contribute to the understanding of mechanisms driving FLC resistance in a globally important fungal pathogen, and we provide avenues for targeting proteins as a therapeutic strategy to reverse antifungal resistance."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Antifungal Efficacy of a Thiazolyl Hydrazone Derivative Incorporated into a Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System in a Murine Model of Cryptococcosis. (PubMed, ACS Omega) - "This study aimed to assess the antifungal efficacy and survival benefits of RN104 incorporated into a self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS-RN104) compared to free RN104 and fluconazole (FCZ) in a murine model of (H99) infection...Additionally, the fungal burden in the lungs was markedly reduced in the SEDDS-RN104 group, as confirmed by histopathological analysis. These findings suggest that SEDDS-RN104 effectively addresses the pharmacokinetic limitations of RN104, enhancing its antifungal efficacy and positioning it as a promising therapeutic alternative for cryptococcal infections."

Journal • Preclinical • Infectious Disease

Synergistic inhibition of pathogenic fungi by oleanolic acid combined with azoles. (PubMed, Microbiol Spectr) - "This study evaluated the synergistic antifungal activity of oleanolic acid (OA) combined with five azole agents (itraconazole [ITR], voriconazole [VOR], posaconazole [POS], isavuconazole [ISA], and fluconazole) against Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., E. dermatitidis, and C. neoformans. These findings suggest that OA could enhance the efficacy of existing antifungal agents, reduce their required doses, and potentially overcome resistance. This research underscores the importance of exploring OA as a novel adjuvant to improve antifungal therapy."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Multidrug-Resistant Candida in Bloodstream Infections: A Growing Concern in Indian Healthcare. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Candida tropicalis emerged as the most prevalent species, followed by Candida parapsilosis, Candida auris, and Candida albicans, with non-albicans species being more common overall. Candida resistance is a growing clinical challenge that requires urgent attention. At one time, Candida albicans was the most common organism; however, Candida auris has now emerged as the most common resistant pathogen in hospitals across India, with its resistance continuing to increase."

Journal • Candidiasis • Infectious Disease • Pediatrics • Septic Shock

Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of the Oral Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Receptor Antagonist Rimegepant in Adults. (PubMed, CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol) - "Statistically significant covariates included empirical allometric body weight-based scaling exponents (0.75 for CL/F and Q/F and 1 for Vc/F and Vp/F); severe/moderate hepatic impairment and fluconazole/itraconazole co-administration on CL/F; fed status, dose on relative bioavailability; and fed status, itraconazole co-administration, and capsule and ODT formulations on transition absorption rate constant. Only severe hepatic impairment and co-administration of itraconazole resulted in a clinically significant decrease in rimegepant CL/F, supporting the recommendation to avoid rimegepant administration in patients with severe hepatic impairment or with a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor."

Journal • PK/PD data • CNS Disorders • Hepatology • Liver Failure • Migraine • Pain

Current trends on antifungal prophylaxis in solid organ transplantation: a study from ESCMID-EFISG, ESCMID-ESGICH, SITA, and SEIMC-GESITRA-IC. (PubMed, Infection) - "This global survey reveals substantial variation in antifungal prophylaxis practices among solid organ transplant centers, driven by a lack of standardized, evidence-based guidelines. Our findings underscore the urgent need for harmonized recommendations that reflect evolving fungal epidemiology, improved diagnostics, and new antifungal agents."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Solid Organ Transplantation • Transplantation

Trichosporon and Antifungal Resistance: Current Knowledge and Gaps. (PubMed, Mycopathologia) - "Due to intrinsic resistance or limited efficacy reported with fluconazole, polyenes, echinocandins, and flucytosine, voriconazole is currently recommended in clinical guidelines. The high antifungal resistance levels present in this genus highlight the urgent need for new therapeutic approaches and a better understanding of Trichosporon pathogenesis and the molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance. In this review, we discuss antifungal resistance and the mechanisms of this resistance in Trichosporon spp., addressing key points that require further investigation."

Journal • Review • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Infectious Disease

Trichophyton indotineae: Epidemiology, antifungal resistance and antifungal stewardship strategies. (PubMed, J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol) - "We discuss T. indotineae resistance against standard and newer antifungals (terbinafine, griseofulvin and triazoles including fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole). Newer treatments being investigated include super-bioavailable itraconazole, third-generation triazoles (voriconazole, posaconazole) and topical-oral combination regimens. The need for improved diagnostic accessibility, judicious antifungal prescribing, and implementing an effective antifungal stewardship program are highlighted."

Journal • Review • Dermatology • Infectious Disease

I Know What You-TI Can-Did-a Last Summer: A Rare Scenario of Fungemia Resulting from Urinary Tract Translocation From Diabetic Neuropathy (ENDO 2025) - "Eventually blood cultures were remarkable for 2/2 candida albicans, and patient was started on fluconazole treatment with eventual transition to caspofungin due to transaminitis.Curiously enough, patient's history was not remarkable for any of the traditional niduses of candidemia...A route of disease that, while possible physiologically, is exceedingly uncommon.Patient was eventually discharged with insulin therapy, flomax, and full course of fungal treatment. Though candida UTI and candidemia are frequent concerns for patients with uncontrolled diabetes, candidemia as a result of bladder translocation is fairly novel/rare from an academic standpoint."

Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Diabetic Neuropathy • Genetic Disorders • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Pain • Retinal Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus • Urinary Incontinence • Urology • Uveitis

Management of Hypercalcemia in an Infant With Fungemia and Its Challenges (ENDO 2025) - "His fungemia was treated with amphotericin B on DOL 32-35 and then fluconazole DOL 36-47...Calcitonin proved effective in rapidly reducing serum Ca levels, highlighting its utility in acute management. Further studies are warranted to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms linking infection and hypercalcemia in infants."

CNS Disorders • Constipation • Endocrine Disorders • Epilepsy • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity • Oncology

Hidden Valley Fever: A Case of Isolated Adrenal Coccidioidomycosis (ENDO 2025) - "An infectious disease specialist was consulted and initiated fluconazole 400 mg daily...Multidisciplinary collaboration was essential in avoiding unnecessary adrenalectomy. While the patient does not currently require glucocorticoid replacement, ongoing monitoring is necessary given the potential for long-term adrenal insufficiency due to progressive glandular destruction."

Clinical • Atrial Fibrillation • Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • Dyslipidemia • Endocrine Disorders • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Oncology • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Exploring Adrenal Insufficiency in a Patient Undergoing Extended Fluconazole Therapy (ENDO 2025) - "This case highlights the importance of monitoring adrenal function in patients on long-term fluconazole therapy and also emphasises that prompt recognition and early treatment of adrenal insufficiency is vital to prevent acute decompensation."

Clinical • Endocrine Disorders • Fatigue • Hypotension • Nephrology • Rare Diseases • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Evaluation of the MIC test strips for antifungal susceptibility testing of Candidozyma auris (Candida auris) using a representative international collection of isolates. (PubMed, J Clin Microbiol) - "The MTS-CLSI agreement was poor to weak for posaconazole (3%), itraconazole (20%), voriconazole (31%), and 5-flucytosine (37%), and moderate to strong for isavuconazole (58%), anidulafungin (68%), caspofungin (72%), micafungin (77%), and amphotericin B (85%). MTS generated higher MICs than the CLSI for azoles and 5-flucytosine. MTS could accurately detect fluconazole and echinocandin resistance."

Journal

Clinical-imaging and therapeutic evaluation of nodule-mass pulmonary cryptococcosis and pneumonia-type pulmonary cryptococcosis. (PubMed, BMC Pulm Med) - "Respiratory symptoms, inflammatory response, bilateral distribution, and malignant CT signs were different between nodule-mass PC and pneumonia-type pulmonary PC. Combining these independent discriminators could reveal its clinical-imaging diversity. The graded antifungal therapy based on CT morphology was effective."

Journal • Retrospective data • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Protease production by Serratia liquefaciens NRC1 using fish gut waste as a sustainable approach to antimicrobial peptide generation and combating Candida auris acquired resistance. (PubMed, Microb Cell Fact) - "This research highlights the potential of fish gut waste-derived peptides as a sustainable and effective antifungal strategy against C. auris, offering an alternative to conventional antifungal drugs."

Journal • Preclinical

Invasive Saprochaete capitata Infection in an Immunocompromised Patient With Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Report. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Due to its resistance to both echinocandins and fluconazole, S. capitata presents significant treatment challenges, with no established optimal therapeutic strategy for invasive infections. Despite profound immunocompromise, the patient successfully recovered following treatment with combination antifungal therapy, which included liposomal amphotericin B and voriconazole. This case highlights the critical importance of early diagnosis and prompt initiation of appropriate antifungal therapy, particularly in immunocompromised patients, to reduce the exceptionally high mortality and morbidity associated with this severe IFI."

Journal • Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Infectious Disease • Leukemia • Neutropenia • Oncology

GC-MS Analysis and Antimicrobial Properties of Defensive Secretions from the Millipede Coxobolellus saratani (Diplopoda: Spirobolida: Pseudospirobolellidae). (PubMed, J Chem Ecol) - "Finally, the MBC/MFC values revealed that the secretions of C. saratani may show less potent antimicrobial activity against the nine microbial taxa tested than kanamycin and fluconazole. Nevertheless, these results suggest once more that millipede defensive secretions may not only deter predators, but may also provide millipedes with a chemical defense against pathogens and parasites."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Is Antifungal Prophylaxis Needed for Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Patients Treated With Venetoclax-Based Regimens? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (PubMed, Mycoses) - "Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients undergoing venetoclax (VEN)-based regimens are at risk for invasive fungal infections (IFIs), but the benefit of antifungal prophylaxis (AFP) in this setting remains uncertain. Mould-active antifungals were underutilised in most studies, and the most used antifungals were fluconazole (35.2%) and posaconazole (34.8%). Our analysis highlights the need for prospective studies and risk stratification to evaluate the role of mould-active agents in this population."

Clinical • Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Hematological Malignancies • Infectious Disease • Leukemia • Oncology

Virulence and biological characteristics of Talaromyces wortmannii isolated from deep-seated dermatomycosis by in vitro and in vivo evaluation. (PubMed, BMC Infect Dis) - "T. wortmannii can cause human infections. Amphotericin B, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole may be effective for treatment of such infectoins."

Journal • Preclinical • Dermatology • Infectious Disease

Recurrent knee septic arthritis and osteomyelitis due to Candida viswanathii: a case report and literature review. (PubMed, BMC Infect Dis) - "This is the first case report to describe the successful treatment and monitoring of recurrent C. viswanathii osteoarticular infection. Combined with our literature review, we aim to increase understanding of this rare candida species- specifically its clinical trajectory in osteoarthritic infections, laboratory features, radiological characteristics, intra-operative findings, and treatment aspects inclusive of a potential role for long-term suppressive therapy."

Journal • Review • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Musculoskeletal Pain • Osteoarthritis • Pain • Rheumatology

Synergistic antimicrobial and probiotic activity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Tarkhineh against Candida albicans. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "However, strains of Ta19 and Ta51 demonstrated higher susceptibility to nine common antibiotics (cefixime, azithromycin, amoxicillin, doxycycline, sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, cephalexin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and vancomycin), as evidenced by susceptibility spectrum ranging from 12.00 to 39.67 mm...plantarum PTCC 1745) and antibiotic (fluconazole)...In conclusion, a new bacterial extract formulation containing 25% L. plantarum subsp. plantarum Ta19 and 75% L. mesenteroides Ta51 has potential as a powerful probiotic against Candida."

Journal • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hematological Disorders • Infectious Disease • CAT

Coccidioidomycosis Lymphadenitis in a patient with Lupus nephritis: A case report. (PubMed, J Mycol Med) - "Treatment with oral fluconazole (Diflucan) was started, achieving complete clinical resolution after 12 months. This case highlights the importance of considering different fungal infections in immunocompromised patients presenting with lymphadenopathy. Early diagnosis by biopsy and culture, as well as specific antifungal treatment are essential to obtain favorable results."

Journal • Glomerulonephritis • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammatory Arthritis • Lupus • Lupus Nephritis • Musculoskeletal Pain • Nephrology • Pain • Respiratory Diseases

A Drug-Drug Interaction Study to Evaluate the Effects of Itraconazole, Carbamazepine, Quinidine and Fluconazole on the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of EDP-323. (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1 | N=48 | Completed | Sponsor: Enanta Pharmaceuticals, Inc | Recruiting ➔ Completed

Trial completion • Infectious Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections

Design, Synthesis, Antimicrobial Evaluation, and In Silico Insights of Novel Thiazole-Based Benzylidene Thiazolidinones as Gyrase Inhibitors. (PubMed, J Biochem Mol Toxicol) - "In vitro antimicrobial screening against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeast, and fungi showed several compounds-especially 5 f and 5 h-exhibited significant activity comparable to gentamicin and fluconazole. Molecular docking against the Staphylococcus aureus gyrase-DNA complex further supported the experimental results, revealing strong binding affinities for select compounds, particularly 9b. These findings suggest the synthesized thiazolidinones are promising candidates for developing new antimicrobial agents targeting resistant pathogens."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Genotypic Analysis of Candida tropicalis Clinical Isolates From Korea via Multilocus Sequence Typing. (PubMed, Microbiologyopen) - "Notably, DST844 (CTR-19 isolate) exhibited elevated minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to fluconazole, suggesting a potential novel resistance phenotype. Phylogenetic and goeBURST analyses revealed 11 distinct clonal complexes (CCs), some of which showed similarity to Chinese and Brazilian lineages, indicating cross-regional evolutionary links. These findings enhance the global MLST data set, provide new insights into the molecular epidemiology of C. tropicalis in Korea, and highlight the need for continued antifungal resistance surveillance, particularly for emerging DSTs."

Journal • ABCB1