rifampicin / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

WHEN ETIOLOGIES INTERSECT: CONCOMITANT HEPATITIS B REACTIVATION, HEPATIC TUBERCULOSIS, AND CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS IN A FILIPINO MALE WITH JAUNDICE (UEGW 2026) - "Given the atypical imaging and clinical course, infectious etiologies were considered, and GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay detected rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, confirming hepatic tuberculosis.Management included starting of antiviral (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) for HBV reactivation, ERCP-guided stone extraction for biliary obstruction, and second-line anti-tuberculous therapy for rifampicin-resistant TB, alongside supportive care. The patient subsequently showed progressive clinical recovery with complete resolution of jaundice and normalization of liver function tests.This case highlights the rare coexistence of hepatitis B reactivation, hepatic TB, and choledocholithiasis clinically presenting with jaundice. It underscores how overlapping infectious and obstructive etiologies can closely mimic malignancy in chronic hepatitis B. Definitive diagnosis required integration of biochemical, imaging, endoscopic, histopathologic, and molecular findings,..."

Anorexia • Fibrosis • Hepatitis B • Hepatocellular Cancer • Hepatology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Respiratory Diseases • Solid Tumor • Tuberculosis • AFP • CA 19-9

ABDOMINAL TUBERCULOSIS "THE GREAT MIMICKER UNMASKED": INSIGHTS FROM 297 CASES (UEGW 2026) - "A complete clinical response to anti-tuberculosis treatment was observed in 98% of patients, while mortality was 1.24% and rifampicin resistance occurred in 0.41%... Abdominal tuberculosis remains a frequent condition and predominantly affects young individuals. Its diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical, biological, and radiological data. Early recognition allows excellent therapeutic outcomes with standard anti-tuberculosis therapy."

Clinical • Anorexia • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Infectious Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

Rifampicin in Osteoarticular Infections: A Comprehensive Review of Current Evidence. (PubMed, Antibiotics (Basel)) - "Rifampicin remains a valuable, difficult-to-replace agent in staphylococcal PJI treated with DAIR, provided it is introduced after surgical source control and combined with a fluoroquinolone. Observational data suggest possible benefit from introduction beyond 5 days post-debridement and courses of at least 14 days, but each threshold rests on a single study and requires confirmation. High-quality randomised trials targeting others OAI with implant retention, non-staphylococcal pathogens, optimal dosing, and treatment duration are needed."

Journal • Review • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Orthopedics

Isolation and Preliminary In Vitro Characterization of a Honey-Derived Bacillus licheniformis Isolate. (PubMed, Antibiotics (Basel)) - " In vitro assays revealed that Blhoney exhibits robust tolerance to simulated gastrointestinal stress, including extreme acidity (pH 1-3), bile salts (0.3-1%), pepsin, and pancreatin, maintaining viability for up to 24 h. Phenotypic antimicrobial testing demonstrated measurable inhibition zones for erythromycin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, tetracycline, gentamicin, streptomycin, and spectinomycin, whereas no measurable inhibition zones were observed for penicillin G, rifampicin, ciprofloxacin, or ceftazidime. Overall, these findings indicate that the honey-derived Blhoney isolate exhibits preliminary probiotic-associated characteristics under the tested in vitro conditions. However, further strain-level genomic and safety characterization is required before its potential probiotic application can be established."

Journal • Preclinical

Antimicrobial Resistance and Associated Genetic Determinants of Aliivibrio Colonizing the Gastrointestinal Tract of Farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.). (PubMed, Antibiotics (Basel)) - "Based on these results, we estimated provisional epidemiological cutoff values for several antimicrobials for Aliivibrio isolates predominant in Atlantic salmon farmed in Tasmania. Furthermore, available data show no evidence that plasmid- or integron-associated ARGs are prevalent and suggest that they are, overall, uncommon in the genus Aliivibrio. The data presented provide a foundation for monitoring AMR in Atlantic salmon gut-associated commensal bacteria."

Journal • Gastrointestinal Disorder

Antibiotic Selection for Sustained Local Therapy May Be Important to Reduce Pseudomonas aeruginosa Dominance Against Staphylococcus aureus and Bone Response Modulation in an Ovine Polymicrobial Fracture-Related Infection Model. (PubMed, Microorganisms) - "A systemic levofloxacin plus rifampin regimen more effectively reduced S. aureus than P. aeruginosa. These findings indicate that microbiological burden reduction, residual pathogen composition, and bone preservation may result in distinct treatment outcomes in polymicrobial FRI. This study highlights the need for appropriate antibiotic selection with ecologically informed, dual targeted local and systemic strategies to manage polymicrobial, biofilm-complicated FRIs."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Orthopedics

Effects of Sub-Inhibitory Rifampicin, Minocycline, and Dalbavancin on Early Biofilm Formation and Transcriptional Responses in Staphylococcus aureus SA113. (PubMed, Microorganisms) - "Sub-inhibitory antibiotic exposure differentially modulated early biofilm formation in SA113 in a drug-specific manner. Overall, the distinct dalbavancin-associated response may be relevant for the development of preventive local drug-delivery systems."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Enhancing quality of TB services through STEPS center: Experience from a private tertiary care hospital in Uttar Pradesh, India. (PubMed, Indian J Tuberc) - "Implementation of the STEPS Centre was associated with improvement in microbiological confirmation, baseline drug resistance testing, co-morbidity assessment, and adherence to STCI recommendations in a private tertiary care hospital. The findings support the potential role of STEPS as a practical and scalable model for strengthen the quality TB care in the private healthcare sector."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Diabetes • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

Animal-Derived Antimicrobial Peptides: Emerging Therapeutic Strategies against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens. (PubMed, Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins) - "The World Health Organization's 2024 Bacterial Priority Pathogens List continues to identify carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative organisms and rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the most urgent targets for new therapeutics...Every animal-derived AMP evaluated in a controlled human trial to date has either failed to demonstrate superiority over an existing comparator or remains restricted to topical or localised use; none has achieved new systemic regulatory approval. Against this evidence base, we argue that the realistic near-term contribution of animal-derived AMPs lies in combination therapy with existing antibiotics and in topical or localised indications with direct clinical evidence, while their use as stand-alone systemic agents remains a preclinical and early-clinical prospect rather than an established therapeutic reality."

Journal • Review • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

Antibiotic-resistant pathogens and heavy metal-tolerant bacteria in Batissa violacea: A study from the Ba River, Fiji. (PubMed, PLoS One) - "Most isolates exhibited multidrug resistance, particularly against rifampicin, vancomycin, penicillin, streptomycin, and tetracycline, posing potential risks to public health and food safety. The presence of these antibiotic-resistant and HM-tolerant microbes underscores the critical interplay between environmental contamination and microbial evolution, presenting challenges for both ecosystem health and human consumption safety. The findings highlight the urgent need for integrated environmental management and interventions to mitigate microbial contamination in aquatic systems."

Journal • Cholera

Potential clinical implications due to essential differences in antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of actinomycetoma causative agents of the Actinomadura, Nocardia and Streptomyces genera towards commonly used anti-actinomycetoma drugs. (PubMed, J Antimicrob Chemother) - "Clear differences in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were noted for the different actinomycetoma causative agents, indicating that actinomycetoma treatment should be tailored to the causative agent."

Journal • Oncology

Drug resistance in patients with tuberculosis: a study from a tertiary care center in northern India. (PubMed, Monaldi Arch Chest Dis) - "Rifampicin resistance was more frequent among previously treated cases (15.3%, p<0.001), patients with no contact history (13%, p=0.003), and those with HIV co-infection (19.40%, p=0.026)...Individual host factors, including gender and the presence of comorbidities such as HIV, diabetes, and tobacco exposure, further increase the risk. Understanding the epidemiology of drug resistance is crucial to improve patient outcomes, curb the burden of TB in our region, and eventually advance the nation's TB elimination goals."

Journal • Diabetes • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

When Cannabis Hyperemesis Is Not the Whole Story: Refractory Multidrug-Resistant Helicobacter pylori Masquerading as Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome (ACG 2026) - "Gastric culture with susceptibility testing demonstrated resistance to amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, levofloxacin, and rifampin, with susceptibility only to tetracycline. In patients with presumed CHS and recurrent or refractory symptoms, clinicians should maintain a broad differential and pursue endoscopic evaluation when appropriate. Early susceptibility-guided therapy is essential after multiple eradication failures to avoid delayed diagnosis and repeated ineffective treatment."

Gastrointestinal Disorder • Genetic Disorders • Infectious Disease • Obesity

Comparative Efficacy and Safety of IBAT Inhibitors, Bezafibrate, Rifampin, and Naltrexone for Cholestatic Pruritus in Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis (ACG 2026) - "Our network meta-analysis included 14 randomized controlled trials comprising 1,142 patients with primary biliary cholangitisâassociated cholestatic pruritus. The cohort was predominantly female (94.2%), with a mean age of 52.8 years and severe baseline pruritus (mean WI-NRS 7.2±1.1). Treatment allocation included Linerixibat (n=238), Maralixibat (n=96), Odevixibat (n=82), Bezafibrate (n=184), Rifampin (n=112), Naltrexone (n=98), and placebo (n=332)."

Retrospective data • Review • Dermatology • Hepatology • Immunology • Primary Biliary Cholangitis • Pruritus

When "Natural" Turns Toxic: Plasmapheresis Rescue in Ashwagandha-Induced Cholestatic Liver Injury With Bile-Cast Nephropathy and Refractory Pruritus (ACG 2026) - "Pruritus was refractory to cholestyramine, rifampin, and antihistamines...He received IV methylprednisolone transitioned to oral prednisone...This case supports plasmapheresis in select patients with severe cholestasis or bile-acid-mediated complications when standard therapies fail. Figure: Trend of total bilirubin (red), anion gap (orange), CO2 (green), and chloride (blue) over time, demonstrating progressive cholestasis with rising bilirubin and metabolic derangements followed by rapid biochemical improvement after initiation of plasmapheresis (June 2025)."

Acute Kidney Injury • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • Cholestasis • CNS Disorders • Dermatology • Hepatology • Immunology • Liver Failure • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Pruritus • Renal Disease • Steven-Johnson Syndrome

Clinical Profile, Response to Therapy, and Outcome of Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis in Children: A Developing World, Single-Center Experience (ACG 2026) - "All cases got medical therapy including combination of antipruritic agents (UDCA, rifampicin and cholestyramine), and 16 (21.3%) had biliary diversion (PIBD-14, PEBD-2). A total of 75 children (52 boys, age at symptom onset-5[2-7]mo and diagnosis-9[5-24] mo) with PFIC (ATP8B1-16, ABCB11-27, ABCB4-14, TJP2-8, USP53-6, MYO5B-2, NR1H4-1, KIF12-1) were enrolled. Consanguinity, ICP in mother and affected sibling were seen in 26 (34.6%), 24(32%) and 14 (18.6%) cases respectively. Majority (64, 85.3%) presented with cholestatic jaundice (neonatal [NC]- 34, infantile [IC]-30), 7 (9.3%) with DCLD (asites-7, HE-2, variceal bleed-5) and 4 (5.3%) as only pruritus."

Clinical • Cholestasis • Hematological Disorders • Hepatology • Pruritus • Thrombocytopenia • ABCB1 • ABCB4

When the Cure Becomes the Risk: A Case of Rifaximin-Induced Neutropenia (ACG 2026) - "Lactulose remains first-line therapy, with rifaximin-a nonabsorbable rifamycin derivative-commonly used for prevention of recurrent episodes... Leukopenia and neutropenia have been reported with other rifamycin derivatives, including rifampin and rifabutin...In contrast, this case is notable fro delayed onset after prolonged exposure, with no alternative infectious, nutritional, or marrow-intrinsic etiology identified. This case highlights a rare but potentially serious adverse event associated with rifaximin use and underscores the importance of maintaining clinical vigilance for hematologic abnormalities in patients receiving long-term therapy."

Clinical • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Endocrine Disorders • Fibrosis • Gastroenterology • Hepatic Encephalopathy • Hepatology • Hypertension • Immunology • Leukopenia • Liver Cirrhosis • Neutropenia

Comparative Efficacy and Tolerability of Pharmacological Agents for Cholestatic Pruritus in Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis (ACG 2026) - "(c) Any adverse events: rifampin, sertraline, naltrexone, and linerixibat carried significantly higher adverse event rates versus placebo; nalfurafine 5 mg was the safest agent (P-score 0.82). Fourteen RCTs across 9 active treatment nodes were included. On continuous pruritus reduction, rifampin ranked first (SMD -4.21 [95% CI -7.12, -1.29]; P-score 0.90), followed by linerixibat (SMD -2.68 [-4.55, -0.80]; P-score 0.69) and naltrexone (SMD -2.62 [-4.73, -0.51]; P-score 0.68). For responder rate, rifampin led (RR 2.80 [1.29-6.05]), while linerixibat combined a significant responder rate (RR 1.69 [1.20-2.38]) with the highest P-score among well-powered trials (0.53)."

Retrospective data • Review • Dermatology • Hepatology • Immunology • Primary Biliary Cholangitis • Pruritus

Uveitis Beyond IBD: A Rare Case of Presumed Ocular Tuberculosis in a Patient on Biologic Therapy (ACG 2026) - "Pre-biologic screening revealed a positive QuantiFERON-TB test, and he completed a 4-month course of rifampin for latent TB infection. Adalimumab was then initiated with initial remission, followed by secondary loss of response approximately two years later...Risankizumab was held and resumed after two weeks given its theoretically lower TB reactivation risk compared to anti-TNF agents...Figure: Figure 2. Multicolor scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (Heidelberg Spectralis, 55°, OS) approximately two months after initiation of anti-tuberculous therapy and corticosteroids, showing resolution of active peripapillary infiltrates with residual multifocal chorioretinal scarring and retinal pigment epithelium atrophy in the posterior pole, indicating treatment response."

Clinical • Cataract • Crohn's disease • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis • Uveitis • Vasculitis

Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Lenvatinib to Support Dosing Optimization in Chinese Population. (PubMed, Clin Ther) - "The PBPK model developed in this study enables a more accurate description of lenvatinib pharmacokinetics in European and Chinese populations, as well as in patients with hepatic impairment, and supports the development of individualized dosing recommendations."

Journal • PK/PD data • Hepatology • Liver Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Clofazimine pharmacokinetics in novel rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis regimens: an analysis of the endTB and endTB-Q trials. (PubMed, medRxiv) - "Co-administration with delamanid and HIV co-infection resulted in a 37% increase and 20% decrease in clofazimine bioavailability, respectively. We estimated that clofazimine remained present in the body for longer than two years in over half of participants following 9 months of treatment. Follow-up studies are recommended to confirm these associations before adjusting clofazimine dose or clinical care decisions."

Journal • PK/PD data • Diabetes • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

Altered physiology of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis restricts adaptation to host-relevant conditions and produces condition-dependent collateral vulnerabilities. (PubMed, mBio) - "This work shows that (i) the fitness costs of antibiotic resistance in M. tuberculosis are highly variable and can be exacerbated or alleviated depending on the media carbon source, (ii) genetically unrelated resistance mutations have overlapping phenotypes and metabolic dysregulation, (iii) the growth of bedaquiline- and rifampicin-resistant mutants was impaired on host-relevant carbon sources, and (iv) resistance mutants have condition-specific collateral antibiotic susceptibilities, with rifampicin-resistant mutants being hypersusceptible to ATP synthase inhibitors when grown under conditions that require propionate metabolism. We also show that unrelated antibiotic-resistant strains share similar metabolic defects, which can be exploited to improve antimicrobial susceptibility. Overall, this work demonstrates that drug resistance reshapes the physiology of M. tuberculosis in growth-dependent ways, having major implications for our understanding of how drug resistance..."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

The Phosphate-Specific Transport System Gene pstA1 Contributes to Rifampin Tolerance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (PubMed, J Infect Dis) - "These findings identify PstA1 as a contributor to rifampin tolerance and suggest that phosphate transport pathways influence antibiotic susceptibility in Mtb."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis • IFNG

Bridging the Gap Between Treatment and Accountability: DR-TB Outcomes and Governance Signals in Rural Eastern Cape, South Africa (2020-2024). (PubMed, Infect Dis Rep) - " Treatment success declined over time for both rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB) and multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), with a significant decrease observed in MDR-TB (80.9% in 2021 to 38.5% in 2024; p = 0.007)...Interpreting routine DR-TB outcomes as governance signals provides a novel systems-based perspective for programme evaluation. Strengthening data completeness, patient tracking, and surveillance systems is essential to improve the reliability of programme indicators and support effective TB control in resource-constrained rural settings."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

Development, Validation, and Clinical Application of a Simultaneous Quantification Method of Seventeen Antituberculosis Drugs in Plasma, Serum, or Saliva Using LC-MS/MS. (PubMed, Ther Drug Monit) - "This validated LC-MS/MS method allows simultaneous analysis of multiple anti-TB drugs in plasma, serum, and saliva, facilitating clinical and research applications. The method has been successfully applied in clinical practice."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis